基于车载点云数据的树木提取与分析

本文基于高速公路高精度点云数据,首先通过点云数据的分类处理实现对树木点云数据的提取,将树木点云投影到水平面,采用DBSCAN密度聚类算法实现单根树木的提取;然后在数据密集区域存在树木树冠点云重叠的区域,本文结合树干几何特征提取树干的位置信息,计算所有点云到树干中心的欧氏距离,将所有点云归类到最近的树干进行粗分割;最后根据粗分割的树木轮廓特征确定树冠模型与树冠中心,提出了采用基于密度特征的格网竞争算法对重叠的区域进行精细分割。试验表明,本文采用的树木分割方法能够实现单棵树木精确提取。     

车载行道树点云单体化及几何属性提取研究

本文首先结合密度和格网化划分的思想改进DBSCAN算法,对行道树点云进行单体化形成若干连接簇;然后接着对相连行道树进行检测并在传统基于距离的分割方法的基础上引进权值思想对树冠点云的归属进行进一步修正,这样可以更加适用于各大小类型行道树,最终完成单体化;最后采用分层投影的方式对单棵树的点云分布状态进行分析判断,实现行道树位置、树干高、冠幅、胸径的几何属性的自动提取。     

基于车载LiDAR点云的行道树提取研究

针对车载LiDAR数据构建格网,提取行道树点云并分割树干点云,首先以格网为单位,进行滤波处理提取非地面点云;再对提取的点云进行降噪处理;然后基于格网对处理后的点云块进行聚类,依据行道树与其他地物的形态以及投影等差异从聚类单元中提取行道树,并对相连树进行分割;最后针对提取的单株行道树依据分层投影的原理,分割行道树树干点云与树冠点云.采用一段车载LiDAR数据进行算法实验并与人工提取方式对比验证算法提取的有效性与准确性.     

基于PointCNN的车载行道树点云分割方法

利用点云卷积网络(PointCNN)为语义分割算法基础处理无序点云来提取行道树点云，经过模型建立、样本训练、点云分割等步骤从地物点云中精确分割出行道树点云，并对三个数据集的应用结果作精度评定，其最终结果的误差在有效范围内，并对PointCNN中的参数进行分析，完善算法的应用以适应于道路环境下行道树点云的提取。本次研究中考虑到训练各类型行道树类型，且受非行道树点云目标干扰小，在复杂道路环境下的数据分割工作有很好的效果。     

基于车载激光点云数据的行道树提取方法

针对道路车载激光扫描点云数据中行道树与其他地物相互遮掩,存在杆状物分类困难的情况,本文提出了一种基于车载激光扫描数据的行道树自动提取方法。首先,构建格网并地形点云滤波,提取非地面点,从而提升后续算法的运算效率;其次,在非地面点的基础上构建空间体元进行邻域分析,提取树干点云,同时建立树冠分层点云投影面积理论,提取得到树冠点云;最后,使用改进分割算法进一步修正树冠点云归属,实现行道树的单体化。使用两组不同类型道路点云数据进行实验,结果显示本文算法提取行道树的平均提取完整率与正确提取率分别为90.73%、91.22%,较对比方法具有一定优势,为行道树的高效、快速、准确提取提供了新的思路。     

基于水平截面法的树木点云精细分割研究

本文提出了水平截面法精细分割树木点云的方法。首先根据点云数据在XOY平面内建立二维格网,求取每个格网内点云数据高度的均值,根据格网内点云数据的高度阈值滤除地面点云和低矮地物点云数据;其次对滤除地面和低矮地物的点云运用八邻域算法提取树木点云,运用水平截面法对树木分层处理,求取每一层树木点云的轮廓线;再次将轮廓线连成多边形,求取多边形的最小外接圆的圆心,运用最小二乘直线拟合算法对各层圆心进行直线拟合,根据拟合直线与地面的交点,可以求取树木的精确位置;最后根据距离最近的原理,对树木进行了精细分割。实验表明:本文研究的方法可以较好的实现树木点云的提取,避免了传统方法设置参数过多的弊端。     

多平台点云数据的单木参数提取精度分析

以浙江省海宁市4种代表行道树(广玉兰、无患子、悬铃木、香樟树)为研究对象,结合无人机(UAV)影像和三维激光扫描数据,利用ContextCapture、LiDAR360软件完成点云拼接、滤波、降噪和编辑,通过迭代最近点算法实现点云精细匹配,完成多平台点云数据融合,进而得到数字表面模型与数字高程模型,并制作冠层高度模型;采用分水岭分割算法对不同行道树树种的冠层高度模型进行单木分割,并综合局部最大值法实现单木树高、冠幅的参数提取。结果表明,本文方法进行行道树单木分割的精度高,树高、冠幅参数提取值的效果好,满足行道树几何参数调查要求。     

车载激光点云数据中行道树三维信息自动提取研究

城市行道树三维信息是城市智慧管理的重要基础信息之一,本文研究了一种基于车载激光点云数据的行道树三维信息自动提取方法。首先,根据行道树点云和周围地面点计算树高;然后,针对残缺树冠点云,应用点云不同方位距离对比计算冠幅;最后,根据树干扫描分层点云,运用RANSAC算子拟合圆模型,计算胸径。通过实际测量数据进行验证,本文方法提取出的行道树信息误差较小,精度较高。     

复杂屋顶平面的RANSAC优化分割方法

针对传统随机采样一致性（random sample consensus,RANSAC）算法对复杂屋顶的分割缺陷,提出一种复杂屋顶平面的RANSAC优化分割方法。首先,在点云法向量估计的基础上,利用点法式方程优化种子点选取过程,提高初始平面选择的有效性;然后,采用距离与法向加权法抑制虚假平面生成,并利用加权函数进行平面内点的迭代修正,提高面片分割的准确性;最后,利用面片竞争方法优化分割结果,实现屋顶点云的分割处理。多组点云分割实验结果表明,该方法能有效抑制虚假平面,对复杂建筑物的屋顶平面分割结果的精确率、召回率和整体精度分别达到96.8%、98.2%和95.1%。相比传统方法,该方法在点云分割结果正确率及耗时方面均有明显优势。     

三维激光扫描数据的单木树冠体积精确计算

针对现存单木树冠体积计算方法不能剔除树冠外部较大空隙以及树冠边界提取粗糙的问题,该文在对生长算法改进的基础上,提出了基于过滤三角网的树冠边界精确提取算法,确定了树冠最优分层间距与过滤阈值,实现了树冠体积的准确计算。该方法在对扫描的单木树冠点云数据进行拼接和过滤后,进行等间隔分层处理获取其切片点云,然后采用过滤三角网算法生成符合树冠实际情况的边界,再通过计算的切片面积获取各层点云间的体积,最终累加各层点云体积得到树冠体积的精确值。对校内树冠三维激光扫描实测数据进行计算与分析,结果表明过滤三角网算法提取的树冠边界能顾及树冠外部存在的空隙现象,进而得到准确的树冠体积值;此外,过滤三角网算法对树冠点云数据的密度要求远低于体元法,具有较高的算法稳定性。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的设计与实现

随着城市面貌日新月异,地下管网的建设也在持续推进,作为城市的地下“神经网络”,全天24 h保障城市的正常运转和发展。本文以实现城市管网管理系统的高可用、无插件、智能化为目标,采用“地上地下一体”“二三维一体”的设计理念,研究基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的关键技术,实现了管线设施管理的信息数字化、空间化与图形化。