基于GF-2遥感影像的机械性破损面提取方法

机械性破损面容易引发水土流失、次生地质灾害等生态环境问题,但目前还缺乏其基于遥感影像的有效提取方法。选择机械性破损面分布密集的云南省螳螂川流域为研究对象,基于高分二号(GF-2)遥感影像,探讨其基于纹理特征辅助的面向对象提取方法。根据7类地物特征建立地物分类规则,在最优尺度分割的基础上,基于光谱特征的决策树A和基于"光谱+纹理"特征的决策树B进行面向对象的分类。经过精度评价分析得出,相对于传统的监督分类法和仅基于光谱的面向对象分类法,基于"光谱+纹理"特征的决策树B分类方法使Kappa系数和总精度分别提高至0. 82和86. 25%,有效地提高了机械性破损面的提取精度。     

基于无人机遥感的湖南金童山保护区滑坡监测

以湖南金童山国家级自然保护区内某条山区公路为例,利用无人机飞行获取高分辨率影像与高精度数字地形模型,使用基于面向对象的方法对滑坡信息进行提取,对无人机数据进行多尺度分割与光谱差异分割,选取了研究区内植被、道路、滑坡三类感兴趣地物的影像特征建立了规则集,充分利用了影像对象的光谱特征、几何特征、地形特征、空间关系,使用了阈值分类,隶属度函数与决策树分类方法.利用实地验证与基于无人机影像的目视解译对提取结果进行了精度评价,总体提取精度为94.75％,滑坡提取精度超过80％.该研究为快速监测山区内滑坡信息提供了借鉴.     

面向对象和规则的高分辨率影像分类研究

随着航天遥感技术的发展,遥感数据的空间分辨率、光谱分辨率和时间分辨率极大提高,高效解译并处理海量的、具有空间几何信息和纹理信息的地物高分辨率遥感影像数据已成为遥感领域研究的重点与难点。对此,本文提出一种面向对象和规则的遥感影像数据的分类提取方法,即通过发现和挖掘高分辨率影像丰富的光谱和空间特征知识,建立影像对象多层次网络分割分类结构,实现对遥感影像准确快速的地物分类和精度评价。以藏南地区WorldView-2影像数据为试验研究对象,采用面向对象和规则的影像分类方法进行验证试验,即综合采用均值方差法、最大面积法、精度比较法进行分析,选择3种最佳分割尺度建立多层次影像对象网络层次结构进行影像分类试验。结果表明,采用面向对象规则分类方法对高分辨率影像进行分类,能使高分辨率影像分类结果近似于目视判读的结果,分类精度更高。面向对象规则分类法的综合精度和Kappa系数分别为97.38%、0.967 3;与面向对象SVM法相比,分别高出6.23%、0.078;与面向对象KNN法相比,分别高出7.96%、0.099 6。建筑物的提取精度、用户精度分别比面向对象SVM法高出18.39%、3.98%,比面向对象KNN法高出21.27%、14.97%。     

面向对象的高光谱影像目标识别方法

将面向对象影像分析和决策树方法综合应用于高光谱遥感影像的目标提取,在分析待提取地物特征的基础上,总结归纳其特性知识,构建分类规则,设计和实现决策树以完成目标识别。该方法充分应用分割所得到的均质对象的位置、形状、纹理等特征实现了决策规则提取和决策树构建,在应用OMIS和PHI影像进行目标识别的实践中取得了很好的效果。     

基于高分辨率遥感影像的城区彩钢棚提取研究

彩钢棚是典型的城市临时建筑物,其空间分布与城市发展和结构存在密切关系,而准确、快速地提取彩钢棚信息将为相关研究提供有效数据支持。以GF-1遥感影像为数据源,利用面向对象的多尺度分割技术构建了基于知识规则的彩钢棚决策树提取模型。首先通过实验选择一个最优分割尺度对影像进行分割;再根据彩钢棚的色彩、光谱、几何等特征建立知识提取规则;最后基于知识规则的决策树自动提取彩钢棚信息。实验结果表明,该方法提取彩钢棚具有很好的普适性,提取效果较好。     

面向对象分类提取高分辨率多光谱影像建筑物

初步测试利用基于知识规则的面向对象分类方法从高分辨率Ikonos卫星影像上提取建筑物,包括:融合1 m全色和4 m多光谱波段影像,生成1 m分辨率的多光谱融合影像;分割融合影像;利用影像对象的光谱和空间特征执行基于对象的分类。面向对象分类提取结果与传统的基于像元最大似然分类结果进行对比,表明面向对象分类方法更适用于提取高分辨率遥感影像中的建筑物。     

一种面向对象的高分辨率遥感影像信息提取方法

针对传统面向对象分类方法的不足,根据研究对象特征构建了一种改进的面向对象的高分辨率遥感影像信息提取分类方法.首先利用SLIC超像素算法对影像进行分割,并提取分割后影像的纹理、光谱和形状特征;再利用SVM分类器提取影像信息,区分相似性较高的耕地和道路;然后利用随机森林算法提取水体和人工表面;最后对不同地物信息的提取结果进行拼接,实现土地利用分类.结果表明,与传统的面向对象分类方法相比,该方法的分类精度更高.     

基于最优尺度和规则的高分辨率影像分类研究

高分辨率影像的广泛应用推进面向对象影像分析(OBIA)的发展,而分割作为面向对象分类的关键步骤,其尺度的选择直接关系到地物信息的提取。空间尺度是地物的固有属性,在合适的分割尺度下可以更好地挖掘地物信息。本文结合最大面积法和分割质量评价模型对张山营镇影像进行分割实验,先通过分析对象最大面积初步得到最优尺度范围,后结合分割质量评价模型以确定最优分割尺度层次。在此基础上,综合样本提取的光谱、纹理等特征进行规则训练,最终完成面向对象的土地覆被分类研究。结果显示:基于多层次最优尺度的规则分类方法获得更好的分类结果,其总体精度为88.8%,Kappa系数为0.861,而基于单一尺度的最邻近法总体精度81.4%,Kappa系数0.773,基于单一尺度的规则分类法总体精度为83.2%,Kappa系数为0.85。     

无人机高空间分辨率影像分类研究

本文利用无人机影像进行土地利用类型研究,面向对象方法对影像分割,获取了最佳分割尺度;根据各土地类别的特征信息建立分类定义,提出了快速、准确获取土地利用类型的方法。研究结果表明,运用面向对象方法能很好地解决无人机高分辨率影像分类问题,其中关键是影像分割尺度的选择和影像对象特征信息的提取。     

面向对象的高分辨率遥感影像建筑物震害信息提取

建筑物的倒损信息是震后灾害评估的一项重要指标。文中应用震后高分辨率遥感影像数据,采用面向对象分类方法,以最优分割参数对影像进行分割,构建多尺度影像对象层次结构。通过影像对象的光谱、形状、纹理等特征及空间拓扑关系建立分类规则库,提取基本完好、受损和完全倒塌三类破坏等级的建筑物震害信息。结果表明,面向对象分类方法能够实现提取三类等级的建筑物震害信息,从而满足地震灾害快速评估要求。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。