基于时空数据模型的导航电子地图增量更新技术

基于时空数据模型分析提出一种导航电子地图增量更新技术。首先根据传统的导航电子地图格式设计基本的导航电子地图的交换格式和分层分块的物理格式;然后使用增量包设计对实时导航信息的属性关系和空间关系进行增量存储,并根据导航电子地图增量更新服务框架设计了增量模式的数据编辑与检查;最后针对更新后的分块数据采用局部拓扑构建的方法,在编辑导航数据的同时维护导航数据的拓扑关系。增量更新技术平台的实现进一步验证了技术的实用性。     

导航电子地图增量更新方法研究

针对目前导航系统中普遍采用版本式整体替换方式进行地图数据更新,难以满足用户对数据现势性的要求,研究了导航电子地图动态增量更新的3个关键技术,实现了导航终端的在线增量更新,并在更新过程中对拓扑关系进行动态维护,有效提高了导航电子地图的更新效率。     

基于时态数据库技术的导航信息空间关系局部动态更新方法

针对目前导航电子地图生产中导航地图数据生产周期长的问题,提出了一种基于导航数据生命周期状态维护触发器的导航地图数据生产时空动态更新模型。首先基于时空数据库技术构建了导航地图数据生产时空数据模型,构建了导航数据生命周期状态维护触发器,将导航数据空间关系分为一级几何拓扑和二级逻辑拓扑。利用触发器,使得导航数据的任何变更（几何和逻辑）得到有效记录,保证了增量包的有效导出。     

支持增量更新的导航电子地图数据模型的研究

针对导航电子地图数据增量更新的方式和特点,设计了多尺度—多图块—多专题—多层次(level—parcel—layer—grade)的导航电子地图数据模型。该模型不仅能支持变化数据在导航数据库中的快速更新,而且当数据发生变化时,可获取最小的数据变化增量,满足用户终端更新时的最小数据传输要求。     

面向导航电子地图制作的多源地理空间数据融合技术

通过分析导航电子地图的制作,提出一种多源地理空间数据的融合技术。首先,针对导航电子地图数据3种基本要素类型的采集进行导航变化数据融合算法的设计,并在导航数据融合的同时维护导航数据的拓扑关系;然后,将融合后的导航电子地图数据与卫星影像数据进行叠加分析;最后,对不同数据变化分别制定相应的导航电子地图生产规划。     

初探导航电子地图的增量更新

以导航电子地图数据库增量更新平台的设计为切入点,讨论如何利用多源空间信息融合与处理技术去全面提升导航产业的深度,广度及现势性的空间信息服务,包括：基于多尺度空间数据库,不同地域的导航地图数据格网建立,全面缝合基于多维采集的多源数据;面向服务架构的空间数据库引擎保证最大化（千人及以上）的团队协同导航数据存取,编辑能力,全面支持不同行业应用的位置服务数据中心等;基于版本驱动的增量导航数据编辑软件确保全国导航数据的季度全数据集更新,重点城市的月度全数据集更新及实时动态信息发布。     

多源导航电子地图数据融合更新方法研究

针对导航数据更新频率低、数据重复获取、工作量大等具体问题, 在研究相关数据模型、空间变换原理和误差评价等相关理论的基础上,提出了多源矢量导航电子地图数据的融合方法,为导航电子地图数据的生产应用提供理论和技术支持.     

导航电子地图增量更新服务及关键技术研究

以移动通讯数据传输技术、网络技术和时态数据库技术为基础,构建了导航地理信息的变化发现、分析甄别、采集、加工、处理、存储和发布服务一体化的增量式更新服务模式、技术、软件、质检和标准体系,论述了多源数据融合、时空模型及空间关系的动态实时维护、多尺度增量式导航电子地图综合处理、路径规划和质检方法等关键性技术,实现了导航电子地图近实时更新服务。     

导航电子地图数据增量更新研究

随着经济建设的快速发展,人们出行对地图的需求越来越大．特别是导航电子地图得到了广泛应用,随之而来的就是导航地图数据的定位精度和现势性问题．而动态增蜮更新是解决地图现势性的唯一途径。但是长期以来受终端硬件性能瓶颈的影响。进展不大．而当前随着微电子技术的迅猛发展,导航终端硬件设备的处理运算和存储能力的提高,导航仪硬件设备成本下降．为实现导航电子地图动态增鳋更新提供了可能．本文就导航电子地图数据更新模式进行探讨。     

影像数据在导航电子地图中的应用

中国导航电子地图的技术发展正处在瓶颈阶段,即地图的更新赶不上现实世界的更新速度。针对这个现状,本文从实际生产出发,介绍了如何在导航电子地图生产制作中利用遥感影像图进行数据制作和信息补充,从而提高生产效率,同时阐述了利用遥感影像进行电子地图更新所面临的问题。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。