基坑支护结构变形监测数据的联合处理

分析基坑支护桩桩顶水平位移监测和桩体深层水平位移监测数据的特性，将两种监测数据进行联合处理，提出利用二次曲面函数构建基坑监测面变形模型的方法，并将抗差估计应用于监测数据的粗差分析与处理中，通过选权迭代，能很好地求得监测面的变形模型，从而准确地求解监测面各点的水平位移和分析监测面的总体位移情况。     

深基坑水平位移监测方法与精度浅析

在深基坑变形监测中,水平位移是反映基坑变形最直接的物理量,如何及时有效地获得准确反映基坑变形的位移数据尤为重要.监测研究以安徽省节水技术推广研究中心大楼基坑变形监测为例,使用高精度徕卡0.5″全站仪,采用棱镜强制对中的方法,对该深基坑的支护顶或坡体的特定方向进行水平位移监测.同时,对监测中工作基点和监测点布置方法、监测流程以及精度优化等进行了探讨,为后期相关工程的研究和实施提供参考.     

基坑深层水平位移曲线分析研究

深层水平位移监测是基坑监测的重要组成部分。本文介绍了基坑深层水平位移监测的工作原理,通过基坑监测工程实例,分析研究了围护结构和土质边坡条件下实测的深层水平位移曲线。研究结果表明,曲线的变形机制与围护结构、工程地质条件有密切的关系,对今后类似的监测和资料分析具有参考意义。     

建筑基坑监测技术方法实例分析

本文以实际工程为研究对象,制定了基坑变形监测方案,描述了基坑监测的各个监测项目的内容以及各监测点的点位分布情况,对基坑支护结构水平和竖向位移、支护桩深层水平位移、锚杆内力、周边道路沉降观测的监测方法进行了介绍,对各项监测结果进行了着重分析,并以图表的形式展示了监测项目各个时段的变形过程,验证了基坑支护结构的安全可靠性以及监测方案的科学合理性。通过本文的案例介绍,以期为今后类似的工程项目提供借鉴。     

郑州市轨道交通基坑工程变形特性的分析与研究

通过对郑州市轨道交通1号线和2号线一期20个车站基坑的变形监测资料进行统计分析,以基坑深度为依据,分别研究了不同风险等级基坑的地表沉降、桩（墙）顶水平位移和桩（墙）体水平位移情况;明确了各监测项目的实测值分布形态,并给出了实测数据的数理统计结果;分析了桩（墙）体水平位移最大值出现的位置,明确了基坑深度对最大值位置的影响,并着重对该地区基坑工程的变形规律进行了分析研究。研究成果可指导后续郑州地区基坑工程变形控制工作的开展,也可为类似地区基坑工程建设提供借鉴。     

基坑位移与沉降监测方法研究

基坑工程是城市建设中一项重要工程,如何科学、实时、准确地分析基坑变形是现代工程测量中的一项重要内容。本文结合某国际广场基坑工程为例,对支护桩顶水平位移及沉降等项目进行监测,分析了基坑水平位移及沉降的变化规律并对变形原因进行了分析,同时验证了基坑支护结构的安全可靠性。为本地区相似工程提供了有益参考。     

某深大基坑工程深层水平位移变形规律分析

以天津医科大学肿瘤医院扩建二期北院工程为背景,详细阐述了深层水平位移监测的技术原理和计算方法,对典型软弱土地区深大基坑从开挖至回填结束整个地下工程施工过程中围护结构深层水平位移的变形进行跟踪监测,深入分析基坑不同施工阶段墙体的变形规律及原因所在,为指导施工、验证设计提供有力支持,保证了基坑及周边环境的安全稳定。     

桩锚作用下L型超大深基坑的变形特性分析

为深入探讨超大型深基坑施工引起的变形特性和影响因素,本文以北京某居住及商业金融用地项目深基坑监测为例,全面结合大型深基坑施工的地质、环境、受力条件等影响因素,通过选取深基坑的特征部位变形的数据进行分析,研究L型超大深基坑监测的桩顶竖向位移、水平位移、桩体深层水平位移和锚杆应力变化特性及相互作用关系,结果表明：桩顶竖向位移变化趋势整体向上隆起;桩顶和桩体最大位移量平均值分别为0.056%和0.054%He(He为开挖深度),两者的位移量基本一致;L型中单个桩体锚杆损失值占锁定时应力的10%～20%。通过分析提出桩锚作用下的L型超大深基坑在基坑开挖土体卸载回弹和锚杆拉力随深度增大等作用下,引起桩体实际产生的位移量更大,危险性系数更高,最终形成桩体围护结构和土体的结合体呈一种向上托举状态。     

广州运达商业广场项目基坑监测与变形分析

基坑开挖是建筑施工中的重要环节,针对基坑和基坑周边环境科学、实时、准确等监测难点问题,以广州运达商业广场项目为例,对基坑支护结构水平和竖向位移、周边环境沉降、深层水平位移、锚杆内力等项目进行监测,并以图表的形式对监测项目的变形过程和监测结果进行了分析,验证了基坑支护结构的可靠性及监测方案的合理性.可确保建筑基坑和基坑周边环境安全,提高工程质量和预防事故的发生,为本地区类似工程提供了有益借鉴.     

涉水墩基坑监测数据分析

结合南京市水中墩基坑监测工程开挖和施工过程中地表沉降情况,对钢板桩的水平位移和竖向沉降、钢支撑轴力以及土体深层水平位移和基坑钢板桩形变进行了数据分析,总结了实际基坑监测中的注意事项和施工中监测数据的变化规律,为基坑监测工程提供参考。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。