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为了实现快速地分析处理应急测绘地理信息数据,往往需要对不同模型进行集成建模,提出了面向应急测绘的空间集成建模框架,并对其关键技术展开研究。该框架基于案例驱动进行空间集成建模,以服务链形式自动化分析处理应急测绘数据。此外,还提供应急测绘模型耦合校验方法,保证组合方案的可执行性和稳定性。最后以济南市化工厂危化品泄露应急分析原型系统为例,在可计算应急测绘案例库的驱动下,面向应急测绘的空间集成建模框架可以高效地进行应急空间信息服务组合。提出了基于案例驱动的空间信息服务组合方法,实现了组合方案的快速构建。 相似文献
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洪涝灾害损失评估是防洪减灾科学决策的基础,其中洪水淹没分析是准确提取洪水淹没范围、水深及历时等灾情信息的关键。洪水淹没分析主要采用数字高程模型数据,由于DEM的格网分辨率与高程精度有限,常出现异常的洼地或平地,导致难以可靠地计算每个格网点处的流向,而传统方法采用统一高程的洼地填平处理又使得容易出现洪水演进过程中复杂起伏地形水面爬坡以及平坦地形水位断流的问题,为此提出顾及流速和淹没时间的自适应逐点水位修正算法,即在DEM坡面流模拟的基础上,根据洪水水流特性、地形、边界变化、水流速度、水深变化以及淹没点的淹没时间,计算水位修正值,对洪水演进过程中每个格网点的水位进行修正,采用多种地貌类型的DEM数据进行试验,证明洪水演进的淹没范围、水深及历时的实时计算结果准确可靠,可为快速评估灾害损失与防洪决策服务提供更为科学的依据。 相似文献
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为突发公共事件提供及时可靠的测绘地理信息应急保障服务是测绘地理信息部门一项义不容辞的重大责任.近年来,在江西省委、省政府和国家测绘地理信息局的正确领导下,江西测绘地理信息局坚持把应急保障工作摆在重要位置,自上而下建立起了覆盖全系统的应急保障网络,念好"三字经",提高"三能力",即通过实现"新、实、快"三个字,达到提高快速反应能力、应对处置能力和日常实战能力,有力地保障和促进了江西省经济社会的和谐快速发展. 相似文献
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为了提升地震诱发堰塞湖突发灾难应急处置能力和充分利用灾区基础数据开展高效决策,本文结合遥感影像、DEM、水文资料和GIS技术,开展利用水文流量演算法和二维水动力学模型法快速评估堰塞湖溃决后下游淹没风险的方法研究。通过对唐家山堰塞湖690m溃坝洪水算例的应用,分别计算基于上述两种方法的下游潜在淹没影响范围,得到的两种计算结果均显示该规模的洪水将淹没下游北川县城的结果。最后通过分析对比两种影响范围计算结果的精度、数据需求、计算时长,评估两种方法在地震诱发堰塞湖下游淹没风险快速评估研究中的时效性、准确性和互补性。 相似文献
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《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2020,(8)
为突发事件提供测绘地理信息快速制图服务是应急测绘保障的主要任务之一。防灾减灾工作对应急制图服务时效性提出了非常高的要求,通常为几小时或更短时间,而常规制图需要1~2 d,甚至更长时间。为确保应急制图的效率,对应急制图知识分解与匹配、应急专题数据快速动态集成、多因子触发制图规则的自适应快速制图等关键技术进行研究,在此基础上开发了测绘地理信息应急快速制图系统,提高应急制图的效率。 相似文献
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采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的
污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体
污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。 相似文献
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Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
C. Bhuiyan R.P. Singh F.N. Kogan 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2006,8(4):289-302
The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw. 相似文献
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Piyoosh Rautela Ramesh Chandra Lakhera 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2000,2(3-4)
The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies. 相似文献
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ZHAN F. Benjamin 《地球空间信息科学学报》2011,(1)
Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200... 相似文献
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GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议. 相似文献
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“4D”技术及其应用 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
介绍“4D”(即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图)系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(1):66-87
Abstract Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised. 相似文献
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自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析,导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础,同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。 相似文献