二次CUBE滤波算法及在边坡乱石区测深数据处理中的应用

针对传统CUBE（combined uncertainty bathymetry estimation）算法在水下边坡乱石区多波束测深数据滤波中表现出的水深估计不准确、地形特征模糊和粗差剔除能力不足等问题,基于乱石区测深数据特点,提出二次CUBE滤波算法,给出了位置和水深同步估计的思想和方法、顾及地形梯度的平面和水深不确定度传递模型、参考水深的多重估计和优选新算法,以及顾及地形梯度的二次水深估计模型,综合实现了乱石区水深的准确估计和粗差的自动准确检测。试验表明,本文给出的方法实现了粗差的自动准确剔除,提高了传统CUBE算法水深估值的精度,算法效率和抗差性更强,形成的地形特征更加准确。     

结合不确定度与密度聚类算法的多波束异常值自动滤波算法

本文在复现CUBE滤波算法的基础上,借鉴其网格节点可吸收水深点选取模型,提出了一种结合不确定度与密度聚类算法的多波束异常值自动滤波算法。本文使用DBSCAN密度聚类算法对水深值加以聚类,使用卡尔曼滤波推估节点水深值,选取具有最小不确定的水深假设作为节点水深值,实现对多波束测深数据异常值的有效清理。实测数据和仿真试验结果表明：CUBE滤波算法不能将连续异常值完全剔除,而本文算法能够较好地去除连续异常值。本文算法流程明晰、参数简单、性能可靠,对数据质量较差的情况下较多异常值也能够进行清理,具有实际的工程应用价值。     

多波束测深异常数据检测与剔除方法研究综述

针对多波束测深数据处理在测深异常数据检测与剔除方法上存在的不足,综合分析了近几十年国内外研究人员在多波束测深异常数据检测与剔除方法方面的研究成果,根据工作原理将其分为基于数据统计理论和基于函数或统计推值比较两类方法,选取中值滤波、小波分析、CUBE算法、趋势面滤波、最小二乘支持向量机滤波法等典型的多波束异常数据检测方法进行重点介绍,并通过列表的方式对不同检测方法进行优缺点对比分析。最后总结了多波束测深异常数据检测与剔除方法研究的现状和趋势。     

一种数值稳定的次优并行Sage自适应滤波器

提出了一种新的次优Sage自适应Kalman滤波算法。该算法通过对滤波器发散的综合抑制，有效提高了滤波器的数值稳定性，针对经典次优Sage滤波器经常存在结果偏移现象，设计了一种附加伴随滤波器的并行滤波结构，消除了结果偏移，提高了滤波精度。     

基于GPU的S63标准电子海图数据解密算法

S63标准采用Blowfish算法对原始海图数据加密后发行,数据的解密成为电子海图系统数据转换和更新中一个耗时的过程。为提高数据处理的速度,针对Blowfish分组密码算法的特点,提出一种利用图形处理器（GPU）的海图并行解密算法,并采用数据传输和处理的同步技术进行了优化。测试表明,采用GPU的并行解密算法是纯CPU串行处理的9.8倍。该算法不仅可大大加快海图数据转换和更新过程,对地理信息系统海量数据处理也有一定的借鉴价值。     

一种次优并行Sage自适应滤波器

提出了一种新的次优Sage自适应卡尔曼滤波算法,该算法针对经典次优Sage滤波器经常存在的结果偏移现象,设计了一种附加伴随滤波器的并行滤波结构,消除了结果偏移,提高了滤波精度.     

CUBE曲面滤波参数联合优选关键技术及应用

CUBE(combined uncertainty and bathymetry estimator)算法是国际上主流的多波束测深异常值自动探测与处理算法,在国内外被广泛应用,但对其核心算法和参数知之甚少,不利于该项技术的国产化。本文详细阐述了CUBE算法的基本原理、数学模型、关键参数和处理步骤,进而建立了CUBE曲面滤波参数联合优选方法。通过选取典型地形区、参数试验、对比分析等步骤完成参数的联合优选,并用台湾浅滩实测数据进行了验证。结果表明,优化后的参数可有效提升多波束数据自动处理的精度和效率。本文成果可应用于国产多波束测深处理软件的深化研发以及多波束实测数据处理。     

一种GPS/GLONASS/INS数据融合算法

针对卫星导航系统和惯性导航系统(INS)的不同特性,提出了一种GPS/GLONASS/INS数据融合算法。采用差分自适应检测算法、改进码平均相位算法以及位置联合解算方法实现了GPS/GLONASS数据融合,借助于改进的粒子滤波器、INS误差模型建立系统状态方程和观测方程,完成GPS/GLONASS系统速度值和INS系统速度值数据融合,提高组合导航系统精度和可靠性。使用真实数据对数据融合算法性能进行仿真分析,结果表明所设计算法是有效的,能够处理非线性非高斯条件下的滤波估计,提高滤波精度和系统可靠性。     

一种次优并行Sage自适应滤波器

提出了一种新的次优Sage自适应卡尔曼滤波算法，该算法针对经典次优Sage滤波器经常存在的结果偏移现象，设计了一种附加伴随滤器的并行滤波结构，消除了结果偏移，提高了滤波精度。     

关于机载LiDAR点云数据形态学滤波的几点思考

形态学滤波是一种典型的机载LiDAR点云数据滤波方法,然而滤波过程中还存在某些容易被忽视的细节。本文在回顾现有各种形态学滤波算法的基础上,分析了特殊地形下点云数据内插存在的问题,提出了改进的内插算法;深入探讨了两种不同数据组织形式的滤波算法,指出基于不规则离散点和基于规则格网两种滤波方法各自的优势及不足;最后通过实验数据对两种方法在滤波性能和效率上给出了定性分析和定量评价。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。