刚性桩复合地基-上部结构动力相互作用体系抗震性能及影响因素分析

通过模拟土的非线性动力本构模型,选取合理的人工边界及耦合阻尼模型,建立了刚性桩复合地基与上部结构相互作用体系三维有限元动力分析模型。通过计算,对比了刚性桩复合地基与普通桩基对上部结构地震反应的影响异同,同时得到了土体模量与分层、基础埋深、桩径与桩长、砂石垫层模量与厚度以及上部结构特性等因素在考虑土-结构动力相互作用时对刚性桩复合地基抗震性能的影响及其基本规律,并与已有相关试验结果进行了对比,得到较好验证。研究结果为工程设计与工程应用提供了可借鉴的理论依据。     

高层建筑考虑桩-土-结构相互作用的地震响应分析

传统的抗震设计都是基于刚性地基的假设,然而在实际中,地基会发生变形致使上部结构的动力特性改变。本文结合工程实例,建立非线性有限元桩-土模型和土弹簧桩-土模型桩,用ANSYS建立了非线性有限元实体桩和土弹簧桩的房屋结构模型研究地震作用下结构在考虑桩-土-结构动力相互作用时的动力特性及其地震响应。     

层状地基中群桩水平振动

在考虑地基土分层的基础上,采用动力Winkler地基模型模拟桩土相互作用并运用传递矩阵,求解层状地基中的单桩和群桩的阻抗函数.在计算动力相互作用因子时考虑了被动桩与土的相互作用.最后将相互作用因子和群桩阻抗的本文解与精确解进行对比,验证了本文方法的有效性.     

覆盖层上土石坝非线性动力响应分析的地震波动输入方法

较多已建和待建的土石坝直接修筑于覆盖层上,合理描述土石坝与覆盖层之间的动力相互作用对大坝抗震安全评价至关重要。基于等效荷载和人工边界的地震波动输入方法能较好地反映出结构-地基之间的相互作用并得到了广泛应用。等效荷载和人工边界参数在均质线弹性地基条件下易于获得,而对于覆盖层地基,土体动力非线性特性给求解带来很大困难。鉴于此,首先根据覆盖层侧向边界的位移模式,发展了能高效、精确地获取多向地震动垂直入射时均质或成层覆盖层自由场非线性动力响应的简化模型;结合能动态实时获取地基材料参数的非线性人工边界,发展了一套覆盖层上土石坝非线性动力响应分析的地震波动输入方法。算例表明,发展的地震波动输入方法可大大减小计算网格量,并能较好地反映覆盖层对地震动频谱特性的影响且具有较高的精度。     

基于P-Y曲线法的水平受荷桩非线性有限元分析

P-Y曲线法是一种非线性地基反力法,它考虑了土的非线性特性、分层特性、不同土类及荷载类型等因素,适用于分析横向荷载作用下有较大变位的桩结构物。从Newmark方法弹簧支座的概念出发,建立了桩土相互作用体系的接触非线性有限元分析模型,采用复合地基反力法的P-Y曲线公式,推导了作用于桩上的非线性弹簧弹性系数的计算公式,基于marc有限元软件编制了相应的计算程序,基于一阶Taylor随机有限元的思想,给出了土性参数对泥面位移的敏感性计算公式,结合试桩资料的计算结果验证提出方法是合理可行的。     

可液化地基上地铁车站结构地震反应特征有效应力分析

采用Byrne简化的Martin-Finn振动孔压增量模型描述土体的液化特性,采用Davidenkov黏弹性本构模型描述土体的非线性特性,建立了可液化地基-地铁车站结构非线性静、动力耦合相互作用的二维分析模型,采用动力有效应力分析方法对可液化地基上两层三跨岛式地铁车站结构的地震动反应进行了数值分析,并与动力总应力方法分析的结果进行对比,结果表明：地铁车站结构两侧及底部邻近位置的土体较易液化,地基土的液化对地下结构邻近地表的加速度反应有明显的影响,且在地基土液化的影响下地下结构有明显上浮的趋势,并呈现出中部上凸的变形特征,地下结构的破坏型式为上层顶板和底板两端的受拉破坏、下层底板边跨跨中的上拱弯曲破坏、中柱的受压破坏、侧墙底端的弯曲破坏。     

层状地基-非线性结构系统地震响应特性分析

根据从系统能量导出的地震动力方程,采用渐近解析法对层状地基 非线性结构系统的地震响应进行了分析,给出了共振区的振幅-频率以及相位-频率的解析公式,并对地基参数的不同取值,给出了一系列相应的计算结果。进而根据计算结果分析了地基参数对结构地震响应特性的影响,讨论了共振区畸变、振幅的分叉和突变现象以及“路径”效应等非线性动力特性。分析结果表明,同一类别地基的参数变化对结构的动力特性有显著的影响,按现行抗震设计方法对层状地基 非结构系统进行抗震分析时,可能产生较大的偏差,需考虑相互作用和非线性特性,以使设计参数更合理和优化。     

土-结构动力相互作用体系阻尼及地震反应分析

通过全面考虑土-结构动力相互作用体系中上部结构阻尼、地基土黏滞材料阻尼以及地基基础平动与转动时的辐射阻尼,推导了土-结构相互作用体系的耦合阻尼比公式。结合国内外关于阻尼调整系数的研究成果,提出了基于加速度反应谱的阻尼影响因子概念,建立阻尼影响因子 与《规范》中地震影响系数 的关系式。通过耦合阻尼比公式以及提出的 与 的关系式,对土-结构相互作用体系地震作用加以研究。结果表明考虑土与上部结构的相互作用后能够增大体系的阻尼性能,并大大降低上部结构的地震作用,提高体系的整体抗震性能。其成果为未来抗震防灾研究与工程的抗震设计提供了理论依据。     

地基与密肋复合墙结构相互作用系统频域地震响应试验研究

为研究地震作用下黄土地基与密肋复合墙结构相互作用系统频域地震响应的基本规律,进行了1:15比例结构模型进行振动台试验。输入白噪声、El-Centro波、天津波,测试了结构与地基的动力响应。通过快速傅里叶变化得到频域响应曲线,分析了地基与结构的动力特性以及从7度至9度水平向地震波加载时的动力反应,对比了各加载工况下加速度及位移频域响应曲线,研究了地基、结构频域动力响应的基本规律及其影响因素。结果表明:地震波激励下地基土开裂,自振频率降低,对上部结构的嵌固作用减弱;地基表面与结构顶部加速度响应随烈度的提高而增大,峰值所对应频率的变化显著,地基对加速度的放大效应显著,上部结构对位移的放大效应显著。因此,考虑地基与结构相互作用后,动力放大效应与地基破坏状况及地震动特性密切相关。     

列车激振荷载下PCC桩复合地基动力分析

PCC桩-网复合地基作为一种新型处理软土路基的结构形式,在软弱土地区高速铁路建设中已获得应用,其在列车激振荷载下的动力特性值得研究。本文确定了合理的列车动荷载加载形式,应用有限元软件ABAQUS建立了轨道-路堤-桩-土复合地基三维动力耦合有限元模型,基于基床、桩、垫层和地基模量参数变化,进行了路堤、桩体以及地基土的动力特性分析。结果表明：PCC桩复合地基动应力响应有别于实心桩,动应力波在管桩中发生反射交叠作用,桩与垫层动力相互作用大于土与垫层动力相互作用。基床表层模量变化对桩-土动力变化影响不大。垫层刚度的增加提高了桩体的动荷载分担比,同时桩顶动应力随着桩与垫层动力相互作用的增强而增大。随着PCC桩模量的提高,动应力在桩体中传播速度加快,动应力增大,使其承担了大部分动荷载,有效地降低了地基土承受的动荷载,同时减弱了上部荷载在复合地基内部影响。随着距离中心桩距离的增大,边桩动应力逐步减小。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with