内蒙古中部大青山新地沟-卯独庆金矿床的构造-蚀变-成矿作用

新地沟和卯独庆金矿赋存于新太古界色尔腾山群柳树沟岩组中,是典型的与韧性一脆韧性剪切变形有关的绿岩型金矿。构造-蚀变岩石的主要类型有千糜岩化石英绢云片岩、千糜岩化绿泥绢云片岩、糜棱岩化绿泥石英片岩、绢云绿泥长英质糜棱片岩、长英质碎裂岩、黄铁绢英岩质构造片岩等。构造一蚀变岩石的岩石地球化学特征与中基性火山岩类似．其稀土元素总量∑REE（44．9×10^-6～155．4×10^-6）、LREE／HREE比值（7．0～26．1）、δEu（0．6～1．2）也显示了中基性火山原岩的特点。构造一蚀变一成矿流体的特征为富CO2的低盐度的较高密度的流体,具有造山型金矿的特点。前寒武纪绿岩带建造变质镁铁质火山岩分布的地区构造一蚀变作用强烈的地段是重要的找矿有利地区。     

安口镇含金韧-脆性剪切带地质特征

柳河县安口镇一带太古宙地体中发育有一条北东向韧—脆性剪切带,该带由糜棱岩化英云闪长岩、绿泥糜棱片岩、绢云千糜岩等组成,原岩为深成变质的长英质片麻岩。带内已知有金矿(点)6处,其成因是深成变质含矿流体沿剪切带上侵而形成的,受韧性剪切带控制的中低温热液型金矿,因此,加强对韧性剪切带的特征及控矿机制的综合研究对本区的进一步找矿工作将起到事半功倍的效果。     

内蒙古苏尼特左旗地区发现三叠纪金矿化

目前,在苏尼特左旗地区确定了元古宙地层、韧性剪切带,并发现了金矿化。该区总体属含古老地块并经中生代改造的中古生代造山带,金矿化带产于NE与NEE向构造组成的楔形体内,受韧性剪切带控制。金矿围岩为奥陶—志留—泥盆纪英云闪长岩,中新元古界温都尔庙群绢云片岩、绿泥片岩,下二叠统大石寨组安山岩等。金矿石类型包括石英(硫化物)脉型、破碎带蚀变岩型、糜棱岩型。2件含Au石英脉中绢云母的Ar Ar法坪年龄分别为(337 56±0 93)和(236 45±0 53)Ma,根据绢云母的产出特征推断,前者可能代表华力西早期华北板块与蒙古古板块碰撞热事件的时代,并叠加有225 60、247 58Ma的热事件;后者代表金矿成矿时代,与大规模韧性剪切作用主要活动期相同,成矿作用可能与韧性剪切作用有关。     

甘肃小西弓金矿地质特征及成因探讨

根据小西弓金矿矿体产出特点与规律，认为金矿化受韧性剪切带，老地层，后期脆性断裂等多重因素控制，前长城系西尖山群第四岩组的二云片岩，绢云石英片岩是成矿的主要物质来源和直接的赋矿围岩，华力西期的钾长花岗岩和二长花岗岩是成矿的热动力来源，区域性杨圈沟-西尖山-华窑山大断裂和小西弓-乌龙泉韧性剪切带具有切割深，活动时间长的特点，是成矿的导矿构造，发育于小西弓-乌龙泉韧性剪切带之上的3条次级韧性剪切带和叠加其上的脆性断裂提供了流体运移的通道和容矿空间，矿床属与韧性剪切带有关的中低温热液多因复成蚀变岩型金矿。     

新疆京希-伊尔曼德金矿床矿化类型热液蚀变及流体包裹体证据

京希_伊尔曼德金矿床位于新疆伊宁县北部。金矿 (化 )体赋存于下石炭统大哈拉军山组下部粗碎屑岩中 ,同时受控于断裂构造和岩性。该矿床形成于浅成低温环境的高硫化体系中。初始强酸性的含金热液流体在沿断裂构造向上迁移时 ,与围岩发生水_岩反应形成由内向外的物理化学梯度变化 ,表现为以硅化 (发育酸性淋滤形成的多孔状石英构造 )、高级泥化和泥化构成蚀变分带。迪开石 +高岭石 +多孔状_硅化石英等热液蚀变矿物构成高级泥化主蚀变。金主要沉淀富集于硅化带和高级泥化带。蚀变矿物组合及流体包裹体资料确定的成矿流体性质为 :酸性 (pH早期为 2～ 3,晚期为 3～ 5 )、低盐度〔w(NaCl) eq<5 %〕及低温 (成矿温度为 180～ 2 70℃ )。     

新疆布尔根韧脆性剪切带金矿地质特征

布尔根金矿带产于上泥盆统卡希翁组中基性火山岩中．金矿带严格地受韧性剪切带控制，赋矿岩石是韧脆性变形的破碎蚀变岩，主要是糜棱岩和石英细脉和网脉，围岩蚀变有硅化、黄铁绢英岩化、黄铁矿化、绿泥石化和高岭土化等．该金矿具韧性剪切破碎蚀变型金矿的特征．     

陕西略阳高山金矿床地质特征及找矿标志

高山金矿产于泥盆系三河口组中酸性火山碎屑岩中,矿体受脆－韧性剪切带控制。产出部位与超基性岩有关,属构造蚀变岩型金矿床。黄（褐）铁矿化绢云片岩夹碎裂白云岩是主要含矿岩石,硅化、黄（褐）铁矿化与矿化关系最为密切,是主要的围岩蚀变,金矿物以自然金为主,赋存状态以粒间金为主,次为裂隙金,包裹金。     

内蒙古大青山地区金矿床类型、控矿规律及找矿方向

内蒙古呼和浩特地区主要有三种类型金矿床：构造蚀变岩型、中基性岩浆热液型和绿岩型。它们分别受控于不同地质条件：构造蚀变岩型主要受控于韧性剪切带或断裂带构造，中基性岩浆热液型主要受控于中基性幔源的埃达克岩-赞岐状岩-富Nb辉长岩，绿岩型金矿主要受二道洼群地层控制。然而，这些矿床成因复杂，往往受控于多个成矿因素，当上述两个以上成矿条件同时存在时，成矿的可能性就会增大。如绿岩型金矿主要受控于二道洼地层，但矿体主要受韧性剪切带或断裂构造的叠加部位控制。因此，在本区寻找以上三种类型的金矿床，特别注意在二道洼群地层、中基性幔源埃达克岩-赞岐状岩-富Nb辉长岩附近和韧性剪切带或断裂构造叠加部位。另外，由于与中基性岩有关的矿床还未引起足够重视，注意寻找该类型矿床就显得很有必要。     

叶蜡石化蚀变过程中的元素活动性与流体性质:以山西五台地区白云叶蜡石矿为例

热液蚀变过程中的元素活动性与流体性质对深入理解矿物稳定性和成矿作用具有重要的意义。本文以华北克拉通中北部山西五台地区的白云叶蜡石矿为例,研究了蚀变过程中元素迁移特征和流体性质。该矿体围岩以绿片岩相酸性火山岩为主,岩性为绢云钠长石英片岩并夹有少量的绿泥钠长片岩。矿区内蚀变分带明显,可分为早期的黄铁绢英岩化(绢云母-石英-黄铁矿)和晚期叠加的叶蜡石化(叶蜡石-伊利石-高岭石-石英),而金矿化则主要发育于黄铁绢英岩化带内。Log fo2-pH相图模拟结果显示,早期黄铁绢云岩化蚀变热液具有弱酸性至偏中性(pH=5.24~5.87)和较低氧逸度(位于黄铁矿+黄铜矿稳定相区内)特征;而引起叶蜡石化蚀变的热液具有强酸性(pH=2.07~2.20)和高氧逸度(位于HM缓冲线以上)特征。质量平衡迁移分析结果显示,随着叶蜡石化蚀变作用的增强,叶蜡石矿石中的Al2O3行为较稳定,SiO2、Na2O和K2O含量相对于围岩绢云钠长石英片岩呈不同程度的迁入,而其余氧化物大量活化迁出。微量元素Nb、Ta、Th、U、Rb和Ga含量相对升高,Th/U比值略有升高;Sr、Ba、Zr、Hf明显亏损,Zr/Hf比值从34~41下降到17~22。稀土元素均发生一定程度的活化迁移,且轻稀土迁出程度更高。Y/Ho比值(28~32)高于球粒陨石的Y/Ho(26~28),表明Y-Ho在叶蜡石化蚀变过程中表现出不同的地球化学行为。Eu负异常明显增大,这可能与长石的分解关系密切。围岩绢云钠长石英片岩中金属元素含量较高且Au与As含量之间呈明显正相关性,但在叶蜡石矿石中大部分金属元素含量均低于检出限,说明金属元素在叶蜡石化蚀变作用过程中发生了强烈的活化迁移,这与岩相学上叶蜡石矿石中可见港湾状细粒赤铁矿而缺乏黄铁矿的特征吻合。本文研究结果表明叶蜡石化过程中,大量的所谓不活动元素(如P、Ti、Zr、Hf、Y和Ho等)发生了显著迁移并导致Zr/Hf和Y/Ho比值的解耦,并伴随着大量金属元素的迁出,说明叶蜡石化不利于金矿化的形成。     

内蒙古中部大青山新地沟绿岩带型金矿的成矿时代

内蒙古新地沟金矿床产于大青山太古宙花岗岩-绿岩带中,受色尔腾山群柳树沟组中基性火山岩系和韧性剪切带控制.容矿岩石主要是变安山质-英安质火山岩类.为解决主矿体的形成时代,采用石英40Ar/39Ar法,直接测定了含金石英细脉浸染状矿石中石英的形成时代,结果表明新地沟金矿的形成时代为1991.43～1988.93Ma.由此提出新地沟金矿的成因主要与吕梁期韧性剪切带中的变质变形作用有关.     

Police, politics, and the right to the city

Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete.     

Rb-Sr, K-Ar, H-and O-Isotope systematics of the Middle Riphean shales from the Debengda Formation, the Olenek Uplift, North Sibera

Clay subfractions (SFs) of <0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–2 and 2–5 μm separated from Middle Riphean shales of the Debengda Formation are studied using the TEM, XRD, K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotopic methods. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions in the SFs are studied as well. The low-temperature illite-smectite is dominant mineral in all the SFs except for the coarsest ones. The XRD, chemical and isotopic data imply that two generations of authigenic illite-smectite different in age are mixed in the SFs. The illite crystallinity index decreases in parallel with size diminishing of clay particles. As compared to coarser SFs, illite of fine-grained subfractions is enriched in Al relative to Fe and Mg, contains more K, and reveals higher K/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios. The Rb-Sr age calculated by means of the leachochron (“inner isochron”) method declines gradually from 1254-1272 Ma in the coarsest SFs to 1038-1044 Ma in finest ones, while the K-Ar age decreases simultaneously from 1225–1240 to 1080 Ma. The established positive correlation of δ¹⁸O and δD values with dimensions of clay particles in the SFs seems to be also consistent with the mixing systematics. The isotopic systematics along with data on mineral composition and morphology lead to the conclusion that mixedlayer illite-smectite was formed in the Debengda shales during two periods 1211–1272 and 1038–1080 Ma ago. The first period is likely close to the deposition time of sediments and corresponds to events of burial catagenesis, whereas the second one is correlative with the regional uplift and changes in hydrological regime during the pre-Khaipakh break in sedimentation.     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA

Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N₂ in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.     

扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究

马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。     

贵州岑巩羊桥罗家塘杷榔动物群的发现及其后生动物早期演化的意义

岑巩县羊桥乡罗家塘杷榔组仅出露中-上部地层,岩性单一,均为青灰、灰绿色粉砂质泥、页岩.在其上部层位发现了俞氏贵州始海百合(Guizhoueocrinus yui Zhao,Parsley et Peng,2007),计有棘皮动物始海百合、腕足动物、软体动物-软舌螺、节肢动物-三叶虫等8属9种,包括了2个未定名的新种和1...     

Breakthroughs in the biodiversity, biogeography, biostratigraphy, and basin analysis of the Beaufort group

Over the past decade researchers working on the rocks of the Beaufort Group in the main Karoo Basin of South Africa have vastly increased our understanding of this important Permo-Triassic sequence. Many new fossil forms have been discovered, allowing for breakthroughs into the biodiversity, biogeography and biostratigraphy of the group. Taxonomic and phylogenetic advances are many and varied, and cover most of the vertebrate taxa, but with emphasis placed on the temnospondyl amphibians, archosauriforms and non-mammalian synapsids, in particular the anomodontia. Biostratigraphic breakthroughs have centered on the Middle Permian Eodicynodon and Tapinocephalus assemblage zones, the Late Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, and the Triassic Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus assemblage zones. Correlation of these biozones with better dated sequences in Europe, Russia and China has allowed for many chronostratigraphic refinements, which are in turn vital for sequence stratigraphical analysis of the basin fill. Based on fossil data, both the lower (Ecca–Beaufort) and upper (Beaufort–Molteno) contacts of the group have been proved to be highly diachronous. The refined chronostratigraphic framework has also allowed for a better analysis of the basin evolution through time, particularly in terms of the correlation of external stimuli that affect basin sedimentation patterns.     

Delivery of Trace Metals (Al,Fe, Mn,V, Co,Ni, Cu,Cd, Ag,Pb) from the Trinity River Watershed Towards the Ocean

The Trinity River (Texas, USA) contains in its watershed 23 different reservoir lakes, the largest one being Lake Livingston situated in the lower Trinity River watershed and two potentially polluting metroplexes, Dallas and Houston. In order to determine fluxes of nutrients and trace metals to Galveston Bay, a survey that included 24 discreet samples collected over a year and at various stages of discharge was carried out during 2000–2001. Geochemical (i.e., sorption by Fe oxyhydroxides), biological (i.e., seasonal uptake by sinking algae in Lake Livingston), and hydrological (i.e., dilution effects by increasing flow rates) controls were found to be mainly responsible for variations in dissolved trace metal concentrations rather than pollution sources. The Trinity River loads of suspended sediments and pollutant trace metals entering Galveston Bay at Anahuac were <20% of those reaching Lake Livingston, and only a few percent of the total upstream trace metal load is entering the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, during the transit through the 23 man-made lakes and an estuary, >96% of the pollutant trace metal load is lost to sediments.     

深港西部通道填海区地下水铜、钒、铊、镉、钨迁移的实验研究

填海工程使滨海地区的地下水物理化学条件改变,导致该区域地下水中重金属浓度升高。本文以深港西部通道填海区为例,采用实验室模拟填海条件的办法,初步探讨了影响填海区地下水重金属迁移的关键因素。模拟实验结果表明,填海区地下水中钨元素含量升高与地下水淡化、淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;铜元素含量升高则与淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;钒元素含量升高与地下水淡化和淤泥氧化过程有关,而其他元素含量升高则主要与填料风化释放有关。