A universal algorithm to generate pseudo-random numbers based on uniform mapping as homeomorphism

A specific uniform map is constructed as a homeomorphism mapping chaotic time series into [0,1] to obtain sequences of standard uniform distribution. With the uniform map, a chaotic orbit and a sequence orbit obtained are topologically equivalent to each other so the map can preserve the most dynamic properties of chaotic systems such as permutation entropy. Based on the uniform map, a universal algorithm to generate pseudo random numbers is proposed and the pseudo random series is tested to follow the standard 0-1 random distribution both theoretically and experimentally. The algorithm is not complex, which does not impose high requirement on computer hard ware and thus computation speed is fast. The method not only extends the parameter spaces but also avoids the drawback of small function space caused by constraints on chaotic maps used to generate pseudo random numbers. The algorithm can be applied to any chaotic system and can produce pseudo random sequence of high quality, thus can be a good universal pseudo random number generator.     

An improved numerical simulation mode of nonlinear wave with consideration of high order terms

In this paper the 0-1 combined BEM is adopted to subdivide the computational domain boundary,and to discretize the Green’s integral expression based on Laplace equation.The FEM is used to subdivide the wave surface and deduce the surface equation which satisfies the nonlinear boundary conditions on the surface.The equations with potential function and wave surface height as an unknown quantity by application of Taylor expansion approach can be solved by iteration within the time step.In m-time iteration within the computational process of time step(n-1)Δt to nΔt,the results of the previous iteration are taken as the initial value of the two-order unknown terms in the present iteration.Thus,an improved tracking mode of nonlinear wave surface is established,and numerical results of wave tank test indicate that this mode is improved obviously and is more precise than the previous numerical model which ignored the two-order unknown terms of wave surface location and velocity potential function in comparison with the theoretical values.     

XGBoost算法在多光谱遥感浅海水深反演中的应用

在多光谱遥感浅海水深反演过程中,考虑到水体和底质影响,水深值和海水表面辐射亮度之间的线性关系不成立。本文以甘泉岛南部0～25m范围的沙质区域为研究区域,利用GeoEye-1多光谱遥感影像和多波束实测水深数据构建XGBoost非线性水深反演模型,研究了XGBoost算法用于水深反演的性能。以决定系数(R~2),均方误差(MSE)和平均绝对误差(MAE)作为评价指标,并与3种传统线性回归模型进行了对比分析。结果表明, XGBoost非线性水深反演模型的R~2、MSE和MAE分别为0.991、0.33m和0.44m,拟合程度最好,精度优于线性回归模型。为进一步探究各模型在不同水深的反演精度,将水深范围分成3段(0～8 m, 8～15 m, 15～25 m)分别进行精度验证和误差分析。结果表明, XGBoost模型在各分段的精度均优于线性回归模型, MSE依次为0.56 m, 0.14 m和0.43 m。可见,在单一底质区域下XGBoost模型的水深反演精度更高,且反演效果更稳定。     

Nonlinear Dynamics and Bifurcations of a Supercavitating Vehicle

In this effort, a numerical study of the bifurcation behavior of a supercavitating vehicle is conducted. The vehicle model is nonsmooth; this is a result of the planing force acting on the vehicle. With a focus on dive-plane dynamics, bifurcations with respect to a quasi-static variation of the cavitation number are studied. The system is found to exhibit rich and complex nonlinear dynamics including nonsmooth bifurcations such as the grazing bifurcation; smooth bifurcations such as Hopf bifurcations, cyclic fold bifurcations, and period-doubling bifurcations; and aperiodic behaviors such as transient chaotic motions and chaotic crises. The tailslap phenomenon of the supercavitating vehicle is identified as the consequence of a Hopf bifurcation followed by a grazing event. It is shown that the occurrences of these bifurcations can be delayed or triggered earlier by using dynamic linear feedback control laws employing washout filters.     

基于微控制器数字硬件实现的网格涡卷超混沌系统

基于微控制器(MCU)设计了一个通用的四维混沌系统数字硬件实验电路,由此实现了9×7网格涡卷的混沌和超混沌吸引子的生成.本文基于由Colpitts振荡器模型延伸出的四维多涡卷超混沌系统,通过引入单位锯齿波函数替换原系统中的三角波函数,构建了一个便于MCU数字硬件实现的新的网格涡卷超混沌系统,并对新系统网格涡卷吸引子的形成机理进行了分析和数值仿真.通过采用Euler算法对新系统进行离散化,在实验电路的有效动态范围内可以生成比原系统更多网格涡卷数量的吸引子.实验结果有效验证了本文基于MCU实现的网格涡卷超混沌     

Cognitive radio resource allocation based on coupled chaotic genetic algorithm

A coupled chaotic genetic algorithm for cognitive radio resource allocation which is based on genetic algorithm and coupled Logistic map is proposed. A fitness function for cognitive radio resource allocation is provided. Simulations are conducted for cognitive radio resource allocation by using the coupled chaotic genetic algorithm, simple genetic algorithm and dynamic allocation algorithm respectively. The simulation results show that, compared with simple genetic and dynamic allocation algorithm, coupled chaotic genetic algorithm reduces the total transmission power and bit error rate in cognitive radio system, and has faster convergence speed.     

Estimation of hydrodynamic coefficients for an AUV using nonlinear observers

Hydrodynamic coefficients strongly affect the dynamic performance of an autonomous underwater vehicle. Although these coefficients are generally obtained experimentally such as through the planar-motion-mechanism (PMM) test, the measured values are not completely reliable because of experimental difficulties and errors involved. Another approach by which these coefficients can be obtained is the observer method, in which a model-based estimation algorithm predicts the coefficients. In this paper, the hydrodynamic coefficients are estimated using two nonlinear observers - a sliding mode observer and an extended Kalman filter. Their performances are evaluated by comparing the estimated coefficients obtained from the two observer methods with the values as determined from the PMM test. By using the estimated coefficients, a sliding mode controller is constructed for the diving and steering maneuver. It is demonstrated that the controller with the estimated values maintains the desired depth and path with sufficient accuracy.     

Chaos and chaotic control in a relative rotation nonlinear dynamical system under parametric excitation

This paper studies the chaotic behaviours of a relative rotation nonlinear dynamical system under parametric excitation and its control. The dynamical equation of relative rotation nonlinear dynamical system under parametric excitation is deduced by using the dissipation Lagrange equation. The criterion of existence of chaos under parametric excitation is given by using the Melnikov theory. The chaotic behaviours are detected by numerical simulations including bifurcation diagrams, Poincaré map and maximal Lyapunov exponent. Furthermore, it implements chaotic control using non-feedback method. It obtains the parameter condition of chaotic control by the Melnikov theory. Numerical simulation results show the consistence with the theoretical analysis. The chaotic motions can be controlled to period-motions by adding an excitation term.     

Using wavelet transforms to analyze nonlinear ship rolling and heave-roll coupling

The use of wavelet transforms is explored to investigate the nonlinear dynamical characteristics of ship roll and coupled heave-roll motion. The harmonic character, double period character and chaotic character are observed via a time–frequency window of the wavelet transform. Typical wave parameters in different stability regions are considered. Features such as restoring rolling, divergence rolling, steady state and chaotic responses of ship roll are obtained as well. The investigation in this paper not only highlights the feasibility of using wavelet transforms in the analysis of nonlinear dynamic characteristics of ship rolling in waves, but also shows how it could enhance the analysis abilities.     

非线性随机系统的参数辨识及动态预报

鉴于含有加性噪声的指数模型描述了一类重要的非线性随机系统。本文给出这类系统的参数递推辨识算法，克服了迭代算法不能在线运行、需反复矩阵求逆的不足。当系统时变时，还采用了虚拟噪声技术来补偿因参数时变引起的建模误差，从而改善动态预报器的性能。应用这种方法，对油田采油井、注水井的套管损坏情况进行了多步动态预报，其精度令人满意     

An investigation on internal solitary waves in a two-layer fluid: Propagation and reflection from steep slopes

Experimental investigations on internal solitary wave (ISW) propagation and their reflection from a smooth uniform slope were conducted in a two-layered fluid system with a free surface. A 12-meter-long wave flume was in use which incorporated with: (1) a movable vertical gate for generating ISW; (2) six ultrasonic probes for measuring the fluctuation of an ISW; and (3) a steep uniform slope (from one of θ=30°, 50°, 60°, 90°, 120° and 130°) much greater than those ever published in the literature. This paper presents the wave profile properties of the ISW recorded in the flume and their nonlinear features in comparison with the existing Korteweg de Vries (KdV) and modified Korteweg-de Vries (MKdV) theories. Experimental results show that the KdV theory is suitable for most small-amplituded ISWs and MKdV theory is appropriate for the reflected ISWs from various uniform slopes. In addition, both the amplitude-based reflection coefficient and reflected energy approach a constant value asymptotically when plotted against the slope and the characteristic length ratio, respectively. The reflected wave amplitudes calculated from experimental data agree well with those reported elsewhere. The optimum reflection coefficient is found within the limit of 0.85 for wave amplitude, among the test runs from steep normal slope of 30° to inverse angle of 130°, and around 0.75 for the reflected wave energy, produced by an ISW on a vertical wall.     

华南沿海明代自然灾害的时间序列分析Ⅱ.混沌分析

对我国明代华南沿海自然灾害发生次数的混沌特征分析发现 ,嵌入维数取不同值时均存在分形特征 ,且反映这种分形特征的关联维数随着嵌入维数逐渐增大而趋于一个稳定值。稳定的关联维数为 2 8,相应的饱和嵌入维数为 1 0。关联维数的稳定值为分数 (2 8)反映了控制明代华南沿海自然灾害发生次数的动力系统是一个混沌系统。构筑该系统最少需要 3个自由变量 ,最多需要 1 0个。对反映该混沌系统混沌特征强度的指标———Kolmogorov熵K值进行了计算 ,发现当嵌入维数逐渐增大到 7时K值开始稳定于 0 3 8,由此得到我国明代华南沿海自然灾害发生次数这一时间序列的可预报时间平均长度为 2 6a。     

Nonlinear response of a moored buoy

The nonlinear dynamic analysis of a multipoint slack moored buoy is performed under the action of first and second order wave forces. The nonlinearity of the system is caused by the geometric nonlinearity of the mooring lines. The resulting nonlinear equation of motion is solved by an incremental time marching scheme. The nonlinear responses of the system are analysed to investigate different kinds of dynamic instability phenomena that may arise due to the nonlinearity of the system. As an illustrative example, a hollow cylindrical buoy anchored to the sea bed by means of six slack mooring lines is considered. The responses of the system are obtained and analysed for three regular waves namely, 5 m/5 s, 12 m/10 s and 18 m/15 s. The results of the study show that different kinds of instability phenomena like nT subharmonic oscillations, symmetry breaking bifurcation and aperiodic responses may occur in slack mooring systems. Further, a second order wave force may considerably influence the dynamic stability of such systems.     

A 3D fully coupled analysis of nonlinear sloshing and ship motion

This study investigates the coupling effects of six degrees of freedom in ship motion with fluid oscillation inside a three-dimensional rectangular container using a novel time domain simulation scheme. During the time marching, the tank-sloshing algorithm is coupled with the vessel-motion algorithm so that the influence of tank sloshing on vessel motions and vice versa can be assessed. Several factors influencing the dynamic behavior of tank–liquid system due to moving ship are also investigated. These factors include container parameters, environmental settings such as the significant wave height, current velocity as well as the direction of wind, wave and flow current acting on the ship. The nonlinear sloshing is studied using a finite element model whereas nonlinear ship motion is simulated using a hybrid marine control system. Computed roll response is compared with the existing results, showing fair agreement. Although the two hull forms and the sea states are not identical, the numerical result shows the same trend of the roll motion when the anti-rolling tanks are considered. Thus, the numerical approach presented in this paper is expected to be very useful and realistic in evaluating the coupling effects of nonlinear sloshing and 6-DOF ship motion.     

An approximated method for the solution of elliptic problems in thin domains: Application to nonlinear internal waves

Realistic numerical simulations of nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs) have been hampered by the need to use computationally expensive nonhydrostatic models. In this paper, we show that the solution to the elliptic problem arising from the incompressibility condition can be successfully approximated by a few terms (three at most) of an expansion in powers of the ratio (horizontal grid spacing)/(total depth). For an n dimensional problem, each term in the expansion is the sum of a function that satisfies a one-dimensional second-order ODE in the vertical direction plus, depending on the surface boundary condition, the solution to an n-1 dimension elliptic problem, an evident saving over having to solve the original n-dimensional elliptic problem. This approximation provides the physically correct amount of dispersion necessary to counteract the nonlinear steepening tendency of NLIWs. Experiments with different types of NLIWs validate the approach. Unlike other methods, no ad hoc artificial dispersion needs to be introduced.     

Estimation of survival probability for a ship in beam seas using the safe basin

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the nonlinear ship roll motion equation and the main parameters that induce ship capsizing in beam seas, estimate the survival probability of a ferry in random seas and to find out a risk assessment method for the ship’s intact stability. A single degree of freedom (1-DOF) dynamic system of ship rolling in beam seas is investigated and the nonlinear differential equation is solved in the time domain by the fourth order Runge-Kutta algorithm. The survival probability of a ferry in beam seas is investigated using the theory of “safe basin”. The survival probability is calculated by estimating erosion of “safe basin” during ship rolling motion by Monte Carlo simulations. From the results it can be concluded that the survival probability of a ship in beam sea condition can be predicted by combining Monte Carlo simulations and the theory of “safe basin”.     

Influence of wave approach angle on TLP's response

The current study focuses on the response analysis of triangular tension leg platform (TLP) for different wave approach angles varying from 0° through 90° and its influence on the coupled dynamic response of triangular TLPs. Hydrodynamic loading is modeled using Stokes fifth-order nonlinear wave theory along with various other nonlinearities arising caused by change in tether tension and change in buoyancy caused by set down effect. Low frequency surge oscillations and high frequency tension oscillations of tethers are ignored in the analysis. Results show that wave approach angle influences the coupled dynamic response of triangular TLP in all degrees of freedom except heave. Response in roll and sway degrees of freedom are activated which otherwise are not present in TLP's response to unidirectional waves. Pitch and roll responses are highly stochastic in nature indicating high degree of randomness. Variation in surge, sway and heave responses are nonlinear and are not proportional to change in wave height for the same period.     

Nonlinear response of membranes to ocean waves using boundary and finite elements

The behavior of a highly deformable membrane to ocean waves was studied by coupling a nonlinear boundary element model of the fluid domain to a nonlinear finite element model of the membrane. The hydrodynamic loadings induced by water waves are computed assuming large body hydrodynamics and ideal fluid flow and then solving the transient diffraction/radiation problem. Either linear waves or finite amplitude waves can be assumed in the model and thus the nonlinear kinematic and dynamic free surface boundary conditions are solved iteratively. The nonlinear nature of the boundary condition requires a time domain solution. To implicitly include time in the governing field equation, Volterra's method was used. The approach is the same as the typical boundary element method for a fluid domain where the governing field equation is the starting point. The difference is that in Volterra's method the time derivative of the governing field equation becomes the starting point.The boundary element model was then coupled through an iterative process to a finite element model of membrane structures. The coupled model predicts the nonlinear interaction of nonlinear water waves with highly deformable bodies. To verify the coupled model a large scale test was conducted in the OH Hinsdale wave Research Laboratory at Oregon State University on a 3-ft-diameter fabric cylinder submerged in the wave tank. The model data verified the numerical prediction of the structure displacements and of the changes in the wave field.The boundary element model is an ideal modeling technique for modeling the fluid domain when the governing field equations is the Laplace equation. In this case the nonlinear boundary element model was coupled with a finite element model of membrane structures, but the model could have been coupled with other finite element models of more rigid structures, such as a pontoon floating breakwater.     

Neural networks in the dynamic response analysis of slender marine structures

Risers and anchor lines play important roles in offshore oil exploitation activities nowadays. For this reason the proper analysis and design of such slender structures has been of a paramount interest. The principal characteristics to be accounted for in riser and mooring line analysis are the severe nonlinearities involved and the random dynamic effects associated. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is an essential step to cope with this kind of analysis. But the use of the FEM can be computationally very expensive for the solution of the resultant nonlinear differential equations of motion, because the time-domain integration should produce sufficiently long response time-histories using small time-steps in order to obtain reliable time-series statistics of any structural response parameter, e.g., top tension in an anchor line or stresses occurring at a critical section in a steel catenary riser (SCR). This paper presents a very efficient hybrid Artificial Neural Network (ANN)–Finite Element Method (FEM) procedure to perform a nonlinear mapping of the current and past system excitations (inputs) to produce subsequent system response (output) for the random dynamic analysis of mooring lines and risers. Firstly, a quite short FEM-based time-domain response simulation is generated. Then, an ANN is used to predict the remaining structural response time-history simulation. The hybrid ANN–FEM approach can be very efficient for predicting long response time-histories. It has been observed that a 3 h response time-history can accurately be obtained with approximately the computational cost of a 500 s one, i.e., 20 times faster than a complete simulation using finite element-based solution. Roughly, this can represent a reduction of about a dozen of hours of computer time for a single mooring line analysis and about two dozens of hours (or more) for a single SCR analysis, both belonging to a deep-water floating unit.     

Seismic characteristics of a reef carbonate reservoir and implications for hydrocarbon exploration in deepwater of the Qiongdongnan Basin,northern South China Sea

Our analysis of approximately 40,000 km of multichannel 2-D seismic data, reef oil-field seismic data, and data from several boreholes led to the identification of two areas of reef carbonate reservoirs in deepwater areas (water depth ≥ 500 m) of the Qiongdongnan Basin (QDNB), northern South China Sea. High-resolution sequence stratigraphic analysis revealed that the transgressive and highstand system tracts of the mid-Miocene Meishan Formation in the Beijiao and Ledong–Lingshui Depressions developed reef carbonates. The seismic features of the reef carbonates in these two areas include chaotic bedding, intermittent internal reflections, chaotic or blank reflections, mounded reflections, and apparent amplitude anomalies, similar to the seismic characteristics of the LH11-1 reef reservoir in the Dongsha Uplift and Island Reef of the Salawati Basin, Indonesia, which house large oil fields. The impedance values of reefs in the Beijiao and Ledong–Lingshui Depressions are 8000–9000 g/cc × m/s. Impedance sections reveal that the impedance of the LH11-1 reef reservoir in the northern South China Sea is 8000–10000 g/cc × m/s, whereas that of pure limestone in BD23-1-1 is >10000 g/cc × m/s. The mid-Miocene paleogeography of the Beijiao Depression was dominated by offshore and neritic environments, with only part of the southern Beijiao uplift emergent at that time. The input of terrigenous sediments was relatively minor in this area, meaning that terrigenous source areas were insignificant in terms of the Beijiao Depression; reef carbonates were probably widely distributed throughout the depression, as with the Ledong–Lingshui Depression. The combined geological and geophysical data indicate that shelf margin atolls were well developed in the Beijiao Depression, as in the Ledong–Lingshui Depression where small-scale patch or pinnacle reefs developed. These reef carbonates are promising reservoirs, representing important targets for deepwater hydrocarbon exploration.