图根控制点位置选择对GPS RTK测量结果的影响

对测图控制网中的102个图根控制点,先采用全站仪三维导线方法进行测量,再选择其中具有位置代表性的57个点进行GPS RTK测量.将57个图根控制点按所处的位置进行分类,以全站仪导线测量的成果作为标准值进行两套成果的对比,分析图根控制点位置选择对GPS RTK测量结果的影响.对比分析的结果和结论直接指导生产实际,对其它工...     

哈苏H4D-60相机投影中心位置精确测定方法研究

提出了一种精确测定数码相机投影中心位置的方法,详细介绍了其工作原理和实施方法。利用Metro In经纬仪三坐标测量系统和Metro In-DPM数字工业摄影测量系统的高精度测量特点,提高了控制点坐标测量精度、控制点标志中心像点坐标量测精度并实现了相机的高精度标校。在一个试验里完成了高精度相机标校和投影中心位置精确测定,实现的投影中心位置测定精度优于5 mm。     

一种基于智能手机成像的立体量测方法

在分析智能手机相机成像参数稳定性的基础上,介绍了一种手机成像的立体量测方法。根据大角度、大重叠度且无控制点的情况,使用相对定向的直接解法来确定手机像对的相对位置关系,通过空间前方交会解算出待定点的物方空间坐标,并利用光束法平差来优化立体量测结果;同时,利用室内检校场控制点的坐标真值,验证了手机的测量精度,表明了智能手机相机可以用于近景摄影测量工作。     

城镇土地调查及宗地图成图方法研究

阐述了城镇宗地权属调查和宗地草图的绘制方法,并综合利用GPS、RTK技术和全站仪进行地籍控制测量和碎部测量,得到碎部点和界址点的坐标。通过南方CASS自动化成图软件利用测得的碎部点编制矢量化地籍图,将外业获得的宗地草图和测得的矢量化地籍图对照,把宗地草图上的地籍要素标注到矢量化地籍图上,形成符合标准的地籍图。     

基于GPS的近景测量定位方法研究

本文介绍了基于GPS的近景测量定位方法所需硬件的集成方式及功能,分析了该方法定位的基本原理,并对试验结果进行了分析,验证该方法的可行性及定位精度.利用交向摄影方式,用一台相机,分别在两个摄站点获取同一范围的影像,利用数字罗盘测相机的姿态,GPS测摄站点坐标,利用单片后方交会及像对前方交会解求待定地物点的三维坐标,为不易...     

莆田大比例尺数字测图图根控制方法及精度研究

介绍了在莆田大比例尺数字测图中,将GPS RTK技术直接用于碎部测图中控制测量的试验情况,分析了试验的精度,得出了一些技术结论和建议.     

JX-3型解析测图仪简介

JX-3型解析测图仪是一台具有中国特色的计算机控制下的解析测图和数字测图仪器。能用于航空摄影测量、地面摄影测量、近景摄影测量及地籍测量等测图作业。本仪器具有量测象点坐标及数据采集、控制点加密、展点、     

城市地籍测量中GPS技术的应用研究

GPS新技术的出现,可以高精度地测定地物点的坐标。特别是应用RTK新技术,依据一定数量的基准控制点,便可以高精度并快速地测定界址点及地物点的坐标。本文尝试利用GPS技术在城市地籍测量方面的应用做一些探讨。     

RTK任意基准站技术的原理与应用

GPS-RTK技术是一项实时载波相位差分定位技术,传统的RTK技术一般要求基准站必须架设在已知点上,但是实际工程应用中往往会存在已知点距离测区较远或者测区内没有已知WGS-84坐标控制点的问题。RTK任意基站技术的提出正好解决了该问题,此时基准站时位置可以任意选取,通过测量测区内多个控制点然后进行坐标转换,从而将测得的WGS-84坐标直接转换为当地坐标和高程。目前该技术已经广泛应用于工程测量中。     

GPS RTK技术在城市测量中的应用

高精度的GPS测量必须采用载波相位观测值，RTK定位技术就是基于载波相位观测值的实时动态定位技术，它能够实时地提供测站点在指定坐标系中的三维定位结果，并达到厘米级精度。相对传统GPS静态、快速静态定位，需要较长时间观测并事后进行数据处理，其测量定位效率大大提高，并能够满足一般城市测量的要求。利用GPS TRK技术可进行低等级控制点加密、工程放样、碎部点采集等测量任务。以下就本院使用Trimble 5700 1＋2双频GPS RTK接收系统在商丘城市测量中的应用情况作些介绍。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。