四种在线精密单点定位服务系统的比较与精度分析

分析了APPS、CSRS-PPP、GAPS和magicGNSS四种在线精密单点定位服务系统的实用性,并同时处理了中国大陆构造环境监测网的数据,且与PANDA软件解算结果进行了比较和精度分析,得出了各系统静态处理外符合精度为cm级、动态处理精度为dm级等结论。     

4种在线PPP服务系统定位精度分析

系统比较了APPS、CSRS-PPP、GAPS、magicGNSS 4种在线PPP服务系统的特性,在此基础上,利用全球分布的5个IGS站,分析了这4种在线PPP服务系统在定位精度、收敛时间、对流层延迟精度3个方面的解算性能。试验结果表明,4种在线PPP服务系统解算的单天站坐标的精度都可达毫米级,其中APPS和CSRS-PPP解算的坐标精度略高于另外两种服务解算的精度。PPP定位坐标在1 h内可收敛至厘米级,在1.5 h时定位精度在0.05 m内。另外,4种在线PPP服务系统解算的对流层天顶延迟ZTD与IGS发布的ZTD也具有较高的一致性。     

在线PPP服务系统对钟跳的处理能力分析

对比分析了CSRS-PPP、APPS、GAPS、magicGNSS 4款在线PPP服务系统对钟跳数据的处理能力。结果表明,CSRS-PPP的稳健性最好,能够有效处理三类ms级钟跳的数据;APPS能够有效解决第一类ms级钟跳对定位的不利影响,但其对第二类ms级钟跳缺乏必要的控制;GAPS则完全没有顾及钟跳的影响,当发生第一、二类钟跳时,定位结果反复重新初始化,严重影响了PPP的定位精度;magicGNSS的稳健性最差,即便是对于许多不存在钟跳的数据,其定位结果也相对较差,甚至经常出现解算失败的现象。此外,还对计划升级为在线PPP服务系统的TriP 3.0的钟跳处理能力进行了简要分析,结果表明,该软件能够有效处理各类钟跳数据,定位精度较高。     

精密单点定位在线GNSS数据处理精度比较分析

利用自动精密定位服务（APPS）、GPS分析定位服务（GAPS）、加拿大空间参考系统（CSRS）以及magicGNSS四个在线精密单点定位（PPP）网络数据处理软件,分别采用静态、静态模拟动态方式处理了若干国际GPS服务（IGS）跟踪站的观测数据,比较分析了四个在线PPP定位服务的数据处理能力及其精度。结果表明：不同的PPP在线定位服务的定位精度及其稳健性有所差异,但基本上都能够满足静态mm-cm级,动态1～2dm的定位精度。     

AUSPOS在线定位系统研究分析

基于网络的在线GPS定位服务系统提高了测量精度和作业效率,极大地方便了用户.AUSPOS是澳大利亚有关专业部门开发的在线定位服务系统,具备处理静态双频接收机RINEX格式的GPS数据的能力.试算表明:AUSPOS使用2h的数据便能获得cm级的定位精度(3D),8h就可以获得水平方向优于1cm和垂直方向优于2cm的定位精度.利用24h的观测数据可以获得mm级的内符合精度和1cm左右的外符合精度.AUSPOS这类高性能在线定位服务系统在GPS基准站建设、GPS高程测量和GPS控制网解算等领域有着很大的实际应用价值.     

APPS定位服务系统精度分析

介绍了APPS工作原理及数据处理流程,分析了APPS系统定位精度,数据结果表明APPS网上定位系统可以为GPS用户提供较高精度的定位服务。     

三种在线GPS精密单点定位软件的精度比较

利用APPS-PPP、CSRS-PPP和GAPS-PPP三种在线GPS精密单点定位（PPP）软件处理了不同纬度地区以及太阳耀斑爆发生期间的IGS跟踪站数据。通过对处理结果的精度分析可知：三种处理软件单天解在E、N、U三个方向上的精度均优于3.5cm,且三个坐标分量上的互差不超过1.5cm;在太阳耀斑发生期间的定位精度没有明显降低。     

天线相位中心改正模型对南极GPS基线解算的影响

针对南极地区全球定位系统(GPS)数据解算结果精度较差的问题,该文通过选取合适的解算策略来得到高精度的解算结果。采用GAMIT软件对我国南极地区的长城站、中山站及周边的11个IGS站进行数据处理,对比分析了不使用天线相位中心改正模型以及相对和绝对天线相位中心改正模型对基线解算的影响。结果表明,在南极地区进行高精度GPS数据处理时应考虑天线相位中心的影响,绝对相位中心改正模型比相对相位中心改正模型得到的结果更为精确。     

GPS/GLONASS组合静态相位相对定位算法

论文介绍了GPS/GLONASS组合静态相位相对定位模型,将GLONASS双差观测方程的模糊度参数表示成参考卫星的单差模糊度和双差模糊度参数;用误差分析法证明了单差模糊度按实参数估计不影响基线解算精度,而GLONASS双差模糊度必须按整参数进行解算;用Helmert方差分量估计确定GPS和GLONASS观测值的合理权比。实际观测数据处理结果表明：GPS/GLONASS组合定位较单一系统解算的基线精度均有提高,尤其比GLONASS单系统的解算精度有显著提高,比GPS单系统的精度也有适当提高,其中单历元基线解算精度约提高了10%,当单一系统的可用卫星数少于4颗时,GPS/GLONASS组合定位更具有应用价值。     

在线精密单点定位性能分析

对在线精密单点定位技术进行测试,分析了它的动态、静态定位精度和收敛速度,以及多系统卫星观测对这两者的影响。结果表明,在线PPP静态定位单天解的精度在水平方向可达mm级,高程方向可达mm~cm级,可在10~20 min内收敛;静态数据模拟动态解算的精度水平方向为2~3 cm,高程方向为4~5 cm,而实际动态数据的解算精度略低于此精度。GPS/GLONASS组合系统能加快定位收敛速度,尤其在GPS系统观测条件较差的情况下,能够同时显著提高收敛速度和定位精度。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。