星康吉鳗精子的超微结构研究

为探讨星康吉鳗(Conger myriaster)精子的超微结构和形态,应用扫描电镜和透射电镜对星康吉鳗精子结构进行观察。结果表明,精子由头部、中段和鞭毛3部分组成,有其独特的结构,总长度为35.75± 1.15µm。精子头部为新月形,主要由细胞核构成,细胞核内有核泡,无顶体结构。精子头部的质膜内包含单一的线粒体。精子头部长为3.33±0.16 um,头宽为1.12±0.13 um。在精子头部的凸面上,有4条从中段到头端的条纹。精子中段伸出一支根,支根位于精子的中段末端。精子中段长度为0.55±0.05 um,支根长度为1.38±0.08 um、直径为90.48±6.06 nm。精子尾部鞭毛细长,鞭毛横切面呈圆形,无侧鳍,鞭毛的轴丝结构为“9+0”型;一些鞭毛的末端呈现卷曲状,发育机制尚不明确。精子鞭毛长为31.16±1.51µm,鞭毛直径为0.17±0.01µm。通过比较分析发现精子的这些形态学特征不仅表现在星康吉鳗精子,还表现在鳗鲡目其他属的精子;表明是鳗鲡目精子的共同特征。本研究揭示了星康吉鳗精子的形态结构,为突破星康吉鳗人工繁殖技术提供了理论参考。     

The behaviour of 59Fe in marine microhabitat

Under the artificial condition the 59Fe morphology in sea water, its concentration in sediment and phytoplankton, its distribution and metabolism in tissue organs of marine animals were studied. The results showed that the morphology of 59Fe was in a particulate state in sea water. The adsorption rule of 59Fe by three kinds of sediments was similar. The concentration ability of 59Fe by phytoplankton was very strong. The critical concentration organs of S9Fe by marine animals were viscera. The gross radioactivity of 59Fe was mainly concentrated in protein. The concentration factor of 59Fe by DNA was the highest one. After excretion experiment, 59Fe of all the tissue organs was not detected. Small part of59Fe remained in the organic acid and protein state. There was a redistribution process in sediment for59Fe.     

The impact of several chemical poisons on the absorbing 45Ca by the Arca granosa

The impact of several chemical poisons on the Arca granosa absorbing 45Ca was studied. The results showed that the absorption of 45Ca in the blood and the soft tissue by Arca granosa was inhibited by the inorganic compounds of Cu, Zn, Pd, Cd, Hg and so on, among which the inhibition of Cd was the strongest, next was that of Cu and Hg. But the inhibition of the absorption of 45Ca in the shell of Arca granosa was little. The impact of three kinds of energy metabolism inhibitory substances on the absorption of 45Ca by the Area granosa showed that the absorption was an active transfer process.     

Composition of the phytoplankton pigments in the surface waters along a transect from the Northwestern to the southeastern Pacific Ocean

Multidisciplinary oceanic investigation was undertaken in Aug–Sep. 2003 along a transect from Northwestern (Busan, Korea) to Southeastern Pacific (Talcahuano, Chile) to understand the physical, chemical and biological features in the surface water, and to depict their interaction with the atmosphere. Among the twenty parameters measured, we describe the physical, chemical and biological features. Physico-chemical data were analyzed in conjunction with the geographic position and yielded 7 peculiar surface water masses. The first water mass (28.4°N, 130.8°E to 21.5°N, 139.5°E) was warm and low in phosphate and nitrate content, and high in silicate. The concentration of phytoplankton pigment was one of the lowest. The second (20.4°N, 140.7°E to 2.2°S, 162.9°E) was the warmest and the least saline. Nitrate and phosphate concentration were one of the lowest. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration was the lowest among the surface waters. The third (3.4°S, 164.0°E to 14.5°S, 173.3°E) was warm. Nitrate concentration was the lowest. CHL-a, peridinin (Perid), violaxanthin (Viola), zeaxanthin (Zea), chlorophyll-b (Chl b) and β-CAR were abundant. The fourth (18.6°S, 177.5°E to 31.8°S, 123.9°W) was saline and poor in nutrient concentration. The contributions of 19′-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin (But-fuco), 19′-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin (Hex-fuco), and CHL b to CHL a were non-negligible. The fifth (32.4°S, 122.1°W to 33.8°S, 117.2°W) was relatively cold and well oxygenated. Concentration of Fuco, But-fuco, Hex-fuco and Chl b was high. The sixth (34.2°S, 115.4°W to 37.4°S, 92.1°W) was cold, well oxygenated and enriched with phosphate and nitrate. Concentration of phytoplankton pigment was, however, one of the lowest. The seventh, located off the Chilean coast, from 37.2°S, 87.2°W to 36.1°S, 74.1°W was well oxygenated and highly enriched with nitrate and phosphate. Phytoplankton pigments such as Fuco, Perid, But-fico, and Hex-fuco were rich. The 7 surface water masses are partially attributed to Kuroshio Current, North Equatorial Current and North Equatorial Countercurrent, South Equatorial current, South Pacific Subtropical Gyre, South Pacific Current, Subtropical Front and Chilean coastal water. The differences in physicochemical characteristics and the history of the surface water resulted in difference in quantity and composition of the phytoplankton pigment.     

厦门市大屿岛主要乔木种生态位特征分析

通过样方法对福建省厦门市大屿岛主要乔木种生态位特征进行分析。结果表明:整个岛屿乔木树种物种多样性较低,其中Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数为1. 26,Margalef丰富度指数为1. 44,Simpson生态优势度指数为0. 54,Pielou均匀度指数为0. 57。乔木层优势物种是台湾相思(Acacia confusa),其重要值达53. 84%。其次是马尾松(Pinus massoniana)、柠檬桉(Eucalyptus citriodora)和潺槁木姜子(Litsea glutinosa)。生态位特征分析表明台湾相思生态位宽度最大,其Levins和Shannon生态位宽度值分别为19. 00和2. 84。生态位宽度较大的还有马尾松,潺槁木姜子和柠檬桉。台湾相思和马尾松的生态位重叠值最高,为0. 673,其次为台湾相思和潺槁木姜子,其生态位重叠值为0. 633。台湾相思、马尾松、柠檬桉和潺槁木姜子的胸径和冠幅在空间分布中变化趋势相似。综上可知厦门大屿岛乔木树种多样性较低,植物种类简单,优势种相对明显,生态位特征值较小的植物对生境要求较高,整个生态系统较为脆弱。     

重组七鳃鳗PHB2蛋白的原核表达及纯化

为了研究PHB2蛋白的生物学活性及后续抗体的制备,作者以前期构建的p MD18-T-Lm-PHB2质粒为模板,PCR扩增Lm-PHB2基因全长CDS区,PCR产物经Hind III和Eco R I双酶切后连接至表达载体p ET-32a,构建重组质粒p ET-32a-Lm-PHB2。将鉴定正确的重组质粒转化入大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)Rosetta Blue,经IPTG诱导表达后,表达产物通过SDS-PAGE和Western blotting进行检测,利用镍柱亲和层析纯化得到纯度较高的目的蛋白r Lm-PHB2。结果表明,经PCR、双酶切和测序鉴定,所构建的重组质粒p ET-32a-Lm-PHB2序列正确,表达产物存在于裂解菌液的上清和沉淀中,经SDS-PAGE和Western blotting证实在约47 ku处有目的蛋白r Lm-PHB2的表达条带。本研究构建了重组七鳃鳗(Lampetra japonica)PHB2蛋白的原核表达载体,并大量表达和纯化目的蛋白,为该蛋白后续的抗体制备及生物活性研究奠定了基础。     

河北沿岸微微型浮游植物的分布特征

于2006年7月～ 2007年10月间,分4个季度调查了河北省沿岸微微型浮游植物的丰度和生物量及对浮游植物总生物量的贡献.结果显示:河北近岸海域聚球藻蓝细菌丰度为4.46×103个/mL(0.79×103～ 16.19×103个/mL),生物量(以碳计,下同)为1.31 mg/m3 (0.84～17.47 mg/m3),季节分布特征为秋季＞冬季＞夏季＞春季.微微型光合真核生物丰度为4.43×102个/mL (0.84×102～ 17.47×102个/mL),生物量为1.11mg /m3 (0.21～ 4.37 mg/m3),季节变化变现为秋季＞冬季＞春季＞夏季.微微型浮游植物对浮游植物总生物量的贡献年平均为5.32％(1.84％～ 8.91％),春季最高,秋季最低.温度在较冷季节(冬春季)里是影响聚球藻蓝细菌生长和分布的控制因素.总之,在近岸环境里,微微型浮游植物并不占优势.     

The distribution of chlorophyll a and its influencing factors in different regions of the Bering Sea

The distribution of chlorophyll a(Chl a) and its relationships with physical and chemical parameters in different regions of the Bering Sea were discussed in July 2010. The results showed the seawater column Chl a concentrations were 13.41–553.89 mg/m2 and the average value was 118.15 mg/m2 in the study areas. The horizontal distribution of Chl a varied remarkably from basin to shelf in the Bering Sea. The regional order of Chl a concentrations from low to high was basin, slope, outer shelf, inner shelf, and middle shelf. The vertical distribution of Chl a was grouped mainly from single-peak type in basin, slope, outer shelf, and middle shelf, where the deep Chl a maxima(DCM) layer was observed at 25–50 m, 30–35 m, 36–44 m, and 37–47 m, respectively. The vertical distribution of Chl a mainly had three basic patterns: standard single-peak type, surface maximum type, and bottom maximum type in the inner shelf. The analysis also showed that the transportation of ocean currents may control the distribution of Chl a, and the effects were not simple in the basin of the Bering Sea. There was a positive correlation between Chl a and temperature, but no significant correlation between Chl a and nutrients. The Bering Sea slope was an area deeply influenced by slope current. Silicate was the factor that controlled the distribution of Chl a within parts of the water in the slope. Light intensity was an important environmental factor in controlling seawater column Chl a in the shelf, where Chl a was limited by nitrate rather than phosphate within the upper water. Meanwhile, there was a positive relationship between Chl a and salinity. Algal blooms broke out at Sta. B6 of the southwestern St. Lawrence Island and Stas F6 and F11 in the middle of the Bering Strait.     

Atmospheric trace gas measurements during SEEDS-II over the northwestern pacific

Atmospheric trace gas measurements were conducted during SEEDS-II. Atmospheric dimethylsulfide (DMS) was continuously measured by GC-MS during the R/V Hakuho cruise. Further, ambient air was sampled into canisters (42 samples) and analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID for various biogenic and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) after the cruise. CO, O₃, SO₂, and NOx were monitored continuously aboard the ship.A fertilization experiment was conducted in a high-nitrate, low-chlorophyll (HNLC) region (48°N, 165°E). The atmospheric concentrations inside a patch (fertilized area) were compared with those outside it (natural area); however, clear differences were not observed for biogenic trace gasses (DMS, CH₃Cl, CH₃I, isoprene, and alkenes) in the atmosphere. However, a high DMS concentration was observed over the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The fertilized area was also observed by R/V Kilo Moana, and DMS was measured by GC-FPD. A good agreement was observed between the results of the measurements made aboard the two independent ships by different measurement methods.The atmospheric SO₂ concentration was compared with the atmospheric DMS concentration. The SO₂ concentration was found to vary with the atmospheric DMS concentration. A diurnal variation of the atmospheric DMS concentration was observed around the fertilized region. The DMS content tends to increase during the night and decrease during the day. A box model calculation was conducted to explain the diurnal variation of the atmospheric DMS. Since there was no diurnal variation of the wind speed, a constant DMS flux from the ocean surface was assumed. Further, the atmospheric OH radical concentration was assumed to be dependent on sunlight. The box model can roughly reproduce the atmospheric DMS diurnal variation mainly caused by its removal reaction with OH radicals.     

L-DOPA对西施舌眼点幼虫附着变态诱导的研究

采用试验水体中添加化学诱导物的方法研究L-DOPA(L-多巴)对西施舌(Coelomctraantiquata)眼点幼虫附着变态的诱导作用。结果表明,L-DOPA能诱导西施舌眼点幼虫变态,但对其附着的诱导效果不明显。用直径小于1 mm的细沙为附着基质,1×10-6mol/L的L-DOPA处理西施舌眼点幼虫12 h,变态率为73.3%,对照组为62.6%。浓度为1×10-7mol/L的L-DOPA处理西施舌幼虫12 h,生长速率为25.6%,对照组为14.7%,表明适当浓度的L-DOPA能促进西施舌幼虫的生长。在无沙附着的条件下,西施舌幼虫可正常附着变态,但生长速率较低且变态后死亡率高。     

驼背鲈外周血细胞的形态学研究

利用Wright's和Giemsa双重染色法和改良的血涂片染色法两种方式,通过光镜对驼背鲈(Cromileptes altivelis)的血涂片进行了观察.结果表明:驼背鲈的血涂片中可区分出6种细胞--红细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞、血栓细胞,偶尔可见到分裂的红细胞、分裂的血栓细胞、核影红细胞和...     

Observed and modelled sea‐ice drift response to wind forcing in the northern Baltic Sea

The wind dependence of sea‐ice motion was studied on the basis of ice velocity and wind observations, and weather model output. The study area was a transition zone between open water and the ice‐covered ocean in the northern Baltic Sea. In the centre of the basin the sea‐ice motion was highly wind‐dependent and the linear relationship between the wind and the drift velocities explained 80% of the drift's variance. On the contrary, the wind‐drift dependence was low near the coast. The wind‐drift coherence was significant over a broader frequency range in the central part of the basin than for the coastal drift. The ice motion was simulated by a numerical model forced with five types of wind stress and with two types of current data, and the outcome was compared with the observed buoy drift. The wind and the wind‐induced surface current were the main factors driving the ice in the basin's centre, while internal ice stresses were of importance in the shear zone near the fast ice edge. The best wind forcing was achieved by applying a method dependent on atmospheric stability and ice conditions. The average air–ice drag coefficient was 1.4×10⁻³ with the standard deviation of 0.2×10⁻³. The improvement brought about by using an accurate wind stress was comparable with that achieved by raising the model grid resolution from 18 km to 5 km.     

土霉素在牙鲆体内的药代动力学研究

采用高效液相色谱法为定性、定量手段,研究土霉素在牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)体内的药代动力学过程,采用DAS(Drug and Statistics)药代动力学程序对数据进行分析.结果表明,牙鲆单剂量口服土霉素后(200 mg/kg),血药经时过程符合二室模型,主要动力学参数如下:吸收半衰期(T(1/2)a)为10.043 h,单剂量给药后牙鲆体内出现最高质量分数的时间(Tmax)为4.000 h,单剂量给药后牙鲆体内最高血药质量分数(Cmax)为0.54 mg/L,药时曲线下总面积(CAU0-72)为17.15 (mg*h)/L,吸收速率常数(Ka)为0.223,消除速率常数(k)为0.476 h-1.牙鲆肌肉中土霉素的经时过程符合一级吸收一室模型,主要动力学参数:T(1/2)a为74.893 h,Tmax为4.000 h,Cmax为3.58 mg/L,CAU0-72为148.56 (mg*h)/L,Ka为0.731,k为2.991 h-1.牙鲆肝脏中土霉素的经时过程符合一级吸收一室模型,主要动力学参数:T(1/2)a为31.376 h,Tmax为4.000 h,Cmax为13.78 mg/L,CAU0-72为494.14 (mg*h)/L,Ka为0.876,k为4.940 h-1.     

美国红鱼(Sciaenops ocellata)的核型、Ag-NORs和 C-带分析

采用常规核型分析、Ag-NORs及C-带技术对美国红鱼的核型特征进行了研究。结果表明,美国红鱼二倍体染色体数目为48,48条染色体均为端部着丝粒染色体,核型公式为2n=48t,NF=48;核仁组织区位于第1对同源染色体靠近着丝粒的位置;美国红鱼所有染色体的着丝粒位置显示为C-带阳性,同时发现核仁组织区也表现为异染色质;第1对染色体表现为长度多态性,与核仁组织区多态性相关,而非性染色体。     

Seasonal variability in the recruitment of macrofouling community in Kudankulam waters, east coast of India

The seasonal variability in fouling community recruitment on submerged artificial substratum was studied in Kudankulam coastal water, Gulf of Mannar, East coast of India for a period of two years, from May 2003 to April 2005. The results indicated that the fouling community recruitment occurred throughout the year with varying intensities. Barnacles, ascidians, polychaetes, bivalves and seaweeds were the major fouling groups observed from the test panels. Maximum fouling biomass of 9.17 g dm⁻² was observed during August 2004 and a minimum value of 0.233 g dm⁻² in February 2004. The biomass build-up on test panels was relatively high during the premonsoon season and low during the postmonsoon months. The number of barnacles settled on the panels varied from 1 to 4460 no. dm⁻². The maximum percentage of the ascidian coverage (72%) on test panels was observed during March 2005. In general, July–December was the period of intense recruitment for barnacles and March–May was the period for ascidians.     

光照强度对白色霞水母(Cyanea nozakii Kishinouye)无性繁殖的影响

采用控制光照强度的方法,研究了不同光照强度对白色霞水母无性繁殖的影响。结果表明,400lx组螅状体的相对增长率、特定生长率和螅状体足囊、囊胞繁殖率均显著高于其它各试验组(P<0.05),呈现出400lx>800lx>1200lx>0lx的趋势。在设定的光照强度范围内,螅状体足囊、囊胞繁殖出现的时间随光照强度的减少而延迟。800lx组的足囊萌发率最高,但各试验组足囊萌发率之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。试验期间始终是400lx组螅状体的横裂率最高,试验结束时,0lx组螅状体的横裂率最低。试验结果说明,适当的光照度对白色霞水母螅状体生长、螅状体足囊、囊胞繁殖和横裂生殖均有促进作用,强光条件或完全无光照条件不适宜白色霞水母螅状体的生长并可使横裂生殖延迟或受到抑制。     

沼泽红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonas palustris)核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/氧化酶基因克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/氧化酶(RubisCO)(EC4.1.139)是光合细菌通过卡尔文循环固定二氧化碳的关键酶。本文采用PCR方法,从沼泽红假单胞菌株No.9中克隆到RubisCO基因(cbbM)序列(该序列已提交GenBank,登录号:GU061327)。采用同源建模法,建立了该RubisCO蛋白的三维结构模型,预测其活性位点。将cbbM基因亚克隆到表达载体pTV118N上,构建表达质粒pTV-CBBM,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),获得表达菌株BL21(DE3)/pTV-CBBM,该菌株经IPTG诱导表达后,进行SDS-PAGE检测。采用气相色谱法测定破菌上清中的RubisCO酶活。结果表明:①cbbM基因编码461个氨基酸,与沼泽红假单胞菌株DCP3和DH1的RubisCO蛋白序列相似性分别为98%和99%;②推测沼泽红假单胞菌No.9中RubisCO蛋白的活性中心由Asn112、Lys192、Asp194、Glu195、His288、Arg289、His322、Gly424、Ser369、Gly370和Gly394等氨基酸残基组成;③重组蛋白分子量约为50kDa左右,与预测相符;④破菌上清中的RubisCO酶比活高于原始菌株中的酶活,说明目的基因在大肠杆菌中得到了有效表达。     

Phytoplankton of the south-western part of the Kara Sea

The research was performed along a transect from the Yamal Peninsula coast towards the outer shelf of the southwestern part of the Kara Sea in September 2007. 130 phytoplankton species have been identified, among which 63 were found in the area for the first time. The total phytoplankton numbers varied within the range of 0.2 to 11.3 × 10⁹ cells/m², while biomass within the range of 43 to 1057 mgC/m². A well pronounced cross-shelf zoning in the phytoplankton communities was ascertained. The inner shelf zone about 30 km wide with depths down to 30 meters was characterized by the predominance of diatoms (up to 80% of the total algae numbers and biomass). The second group by value was dinoflagellates. Seaward in the area of the depth increase from 30 to 140 m, the zone of the Yamal Current was located, which was 40 km wide and notable for its active water dynamics. The total cell numbers in the zone reached a maximum for the entire investigated area: up to 11.3 × 10⁹ cells/m². The leading group in the phytoplankton was autotrophic flagellates, whose share in the total numbers reached 56–82%. Further than 70 km from the shore, the outer shelf zone was found with the water column rigidly stratified. The highest for the whole area phytoplankton biomass was identified here (up to 1.06 gC/m⁹), 80% of which was concentrated above the halocline. Diatoms dominated in the phytoplankton numbers (up to 92%) and biomass (up to 90%), which was related to the mass development of two species: Chaetoceros diadema and Leptocylindrus danicus.     

2011年胶州湾网采浮游植物群落结构及其环境影响因子

本文于2011年1-12月对胶州湾海域浮游植物进行了周年调查,获得了同步的温盐和营养盐数据,分析了浮游植物丰度、优势种类、多样性指数和季节变化特征及其与环境影响因子的关系。结果表明：共检出浮游植物108种（包括变种和变型）,其中硅藻门34属93种,甲藻门6属14种,金藻门1属1种。浮游植物主要由硅藻和甲藻两大类组成,其中硅藻占绝对优势,全年甲藻/硅藻比均小于0.08。优势种共有35种,夏、冬季优势种交替明显,全年几乎均出现的种类为圆筛藻（Coscinodiscus spp.）,旋链角毛藻（Chaetoceros curvisetus）和中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）。生态类型主要以广布种、广温近岸种、温带近岸种为主,也出现了少数暖水种和外洋种。浮游植物丰度分别在2月、4月和7月份达到峰值,其中4月全年最高,为591×10⁶cell/m³,2月是次高峰,数量为468×10⁶cell/m³,7月为172×10⁶cell/m³,秋季浮游植物丰度相对较低。本研究结果与胶州湾浮游植物典型双峰型变化不同。浮游植物群落多样性指数平均为2.4,秋、冬季节较高,春、夏季节偏低,水平分布上呈现湾外 > 湾口 > 湾内的趋势,均匀度平均值为0.26,分布趋势与多样性指数基本相同。由此可见,湾外浮游植物群落结构较湾口和湾内更为稳定,温度、硅酸盐、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、铵盐和磷酸盐对浮游植物丰度和群落结构存在明显影响。     

The diet of mesopelagic fish from the Pacific coast of Hokkaido,Japan

The diet of at least 28 species of mesopelagic fish from the Pacific coast of Hokkaido was examined. The dominant family was the Gonostomatidae (42%) which was represented by five species. The most abundant species wasCyclothone atraria which together with the other species of this genus preyed predominantly on copepods. Euphausiids and copepods were dominant in the diet ofGonostoma gracile. The next most abundant family was the Myctophidae (32%) which was represented by seven species. The dominant species,Stenobrachius nannochir, preyed mainly on copepods. Copepods were also the dominant food item of the other myctophids except forLampanyctus jordani which fed mainly on euphausiids. The other important family was the Bathylagidae (21%).Leuroglossus schmidti was the dominant species and its diet was more diverse with ostracods, copepods, molluscs and larvaceans being the most important food items.Bathylagus ochotensis had a similar diet. Copepods were the most important food items for all but a few species and their occurrence in the fish stomachs was related to the known vertical distribution of both predators and prey. Ostracods and euphausiids were also important prey items, the latter especially in large fish species. Molluscs and larvaceans were restricted to the two species of the family Bathylagidae.