基于性能的钢管混凝土空间简体结构抗震设计

钢管混凝土空间简体结构是将钢管混凝土柱通过环状桁架拉结形成中空筒状的高耸特种结构,在化肥厂的建造中得到了广泛的应用,但其抗震性能的研究目前仍属空白.以应用比较广泛的110m高,17m直径的典型造粒塔为工程背景,对此类结构进行了基于性能的抗震设计研究.采用三维弹塑性有限元模型对结构进行了罕遇地震作用下的动力弹塑性时程分析,同时用Push-over方法进行静力弹塑性分析,得到了罕遇地震作用下梁柱塑性区的主要分布.结果表明,楼梯间钢柱和环状桁架对其抗震性能影响较大,此类结构抗震性能一般较好.最后根据结果提出了相应的抗震设计对策,可为同类构筑物设计提供参考.     

强震作用下机场高耸塔台结构抗震性能分析

为提升强震作用下机场高耸塔台结构的抗震性能及安全,采用非线性时程分析方法研究高耸塔台结构的强震损伤分布规律;基于性能化抗震设计方法确定塔台关键构件抗震性能水准,对高耸塔台结构进行性能化抗震设计和损伤控制;最后分析了竖向地震对高耸塔台结构强震损伤的影响.分析得到,采用多遇地震设计的塔台结构,在罕遇地震作用下塔台结构层间位...     

东方体育中心抗震设计及屈曲约束支撑的应用

介绍了抗震设计及屈曲约束支撑在东方体育中心的应用。详细介绍了屈曲约束支撑的细部构造、工作原理、截面选择和节点设计等问题,并结合本工程的抗震设计,通过对结构进行的弹塑性时程分析,考察了屈曲约束支撑在罕遇地震作用下地震反应,以及结构在罕遇地震作用下的位移、剪力反应,并与采用普通支撑的结构方案进行对比,显示出屈曲约束支撑的优越性。     

直接基于位移设计的高强钢组合K形偏心支撑钢框架的抗震性能研究

K形高强钢组合偏心支撑(K-HSS-EBF)是指耗能连梁和支撑采用Q345钢,而框架梁、框架柱采用高强度钢(如Q460)。为研究其在罕遇地震作用下的抗震性能,在试验研究的基础上,采用直接基于位移的抗震设计方法设计了5层、8层和12层算例,分别进行静力推覆分析和动力弹塑性分析,研究高强钢组合偏心支撑钢框架在罕遇地震作用下层间侧移分布和破坏模式。研究结果表明:直接基于位移的抗震设计方法设计的算例在罕遇地震作用下,结构的层间侧移满足我国现行抗震规范的要求,结构呈理想的渐进式梁铰屈服机构,并证明该设计方法的合理性和可靠性。     

铅阻尼器在超高层结构中的应用研究

为了研究铅阻尼器在超高层结构中的耗能减震效果,采用非线性分析软件PERFORM-3D对超高层结构进行了罕遇地震作用下的有限元分析,对比了不同地震波作用下的结构弹塑性分析结果。分析结果表明:设置铅阻尼器的超高层建筑结构的抗震性能有了很大的提高,在罕遇地震作用下能够满足"大震不倒"的性能要求。研究为铅阻尼器在超高层结构中的应用提供了成功的工程案例,其设计思路可以为超高层结构的减震控制提供有益的借鉴和参考。     

底层框架—多层组合墙房层抗震变形分析

本文研究了底层框架－多层组合墙房屋在地震作用下的弹塑性变形状态。文中研究了二层与底层的不同刚度比对层间变形的影响，且以概率统计的方法为基础提出了关于刚度比的恰当值的建议。     

某异形柱框架结构抗震性能分析

异形柱结构由于其结构的特殊性,可将柱子隐于墙体,使房内不出棱角,以增加房屋有效使用面积,从而受到开发商的亲睐。将原先矩形柱结构改为异形柱结构后,通过高烈度下弹塑性动力时程分析,考查了某异形柱框架结构在设防和罕遇地震水准下的整体抗震性能,对结构能否达到抗震设防目标进行了初步评价。结果表明,该异形柱结构在设防烈度和罕遇烈度地震作用下基本能够达到预期的抗震设防目标。     

填充墙对底框结构地震反应的影响

为研究填充墙对底层框架多层砌体房屋地震反应的影响,以典型的填充墙-底层框架多层砌体房屋为基础,建立有限元计算模型并进行了弹塑性动力时程分析。根据不同模型的计算结果以及填充墙的刚度和强度,分析了填充墙对底层框架多层砌体房屋自振周期、地震作用下房屋整体变形、底层框架的损伤以及填充墙与底层框架相互作用的影响。计算结果表明：填充墙对房屋整体地震反应产生明显影响,其影响不能忽略。在上部砌体结构质量和刚度不变的情况下,结构自振周期随着填充墙刚度的增加而降低;随着填充墙与底层框架之间连接作用的增强,结构整体的变形减小,底层框架的损伤增大。当填充墙与底层框架之间采用弱连接时,采用强度较高的填充墙可以提高结构整体的变形能力,从而提高结构整体的抗震能力。     

荥阳秦氏旧宅堂楼抗震性能研究

秦氏旧宅是研究河南传统民居的样本。堂楼作为院落的核心建筑,建造形式复杂、庄重,具有豫中传统民居的特色。以秦氏旧宅堂楼为研究对象,建立了有限元模型,通过模态分析,获得了结构的频率和振型,了解了结构的动力特性;通过时程分析法,沿纵横向输入地震波进行了罕遇地震下的弹塑性分析,探讨了结构的抗震性能。分析结果表明:结构横向刚度较弱,且扭转效应明显;横向地震作用下,纵墙出现明显的弹塑性变形集中,纵墙顶部梁架与墙体交接部位、第三层窗洞口处及底部墙体开裂严重,是结构的薄弱部位;纵向地震作用下,墙体开裂破坏程度较轻,抗震性能优于横向作用情形。研究结果可为秦氏旧宅堂楼及同类传统民居的修缮提供参考依据。     

安装被动耗能装置的结构的抗震设计方法

依据现行抗震设防的目标和思想,从经济、实用的角度提出了安装被动耗能装置的结构的抗震设计方法,即结构件在地震作用适当降低的基础上独立进行截面设计,然后在结构上安装被动耗能装置后进行与设防烈度对应的多遇地震弹性变形验算和罕遇弹塑性变形验算。     

建筑结构的屈曲约束支撑对其抗震加固性能的影响

当前方法采用伸臂桁架加固建筑结构时,未考虑建筑结构的屈曲约束支撑力的影响,伸臂桁架与建筑结构的连接不牢固,导致其对建筑结构的抗震加固性能较差。故此,深入分析建筑结构的屈曲约束支撑对其抗震加固性能的影响,设计建筑结构抗震加固方案,利用高强螺栓节点经由连接钢板实现屈曲约束支撑与建筑结构的铰接固定。分别从支撑变形同建筑结构层间位移的关系、建筑结构支撑承载力、多遇地震影响下屈曲约束支撑框架的位移验算,以及罕遇地震影响下屈曲约束支撑的弹塑性位移验算方面,分析屈曲约束支撑对建筑结构抗震加固性能影响。经实验分析得出,建筑结构加入屈曲约束支撑后第一扭转周期同第一平动周期的比值降低0.14,X、Y两个方向的砌体墙同建筑结构的刚度比值降低6.9、8.0,最大顶点位移值降低15.4 mm、29.3 mm,抗震加固性能大大提高。     

高层钢结构建筑横向支撑地震动力响应分析

为测试高层钢结构建筑抗震性能,在有限元模型中以某高层钢框架结构办公大厦作为研究对象,测试其横向支撑地震动力响应状况。选取地震峰值加速度为200 cm/s^2的El-Centro波作为地震波输入,采用瞬态动力方法分析不同楼板厚度下建筑地震模拟响应,得到建筑顶层位移时程曲线;在SAP2000结构软件中分析建筑工程添加横向支撑前后的反应谱,记录各楼层垂直与水平方向位移与层间位移角。得到如下结果:高层钢结构建筑在地震响应下产生的位移不随楼板厚度的增加而增大,楼板厚度为100 mm、170 mm时位移波动显著;添加横向支撑后,建筑水平刚度显著提升,同理,添加横向支撑后横向层间位移角的最大值变化较大,且低于1/250,符合相关建筑标准。     

Seismic response of a case study soft story frame retrofitted using a GIB system

This paper presents results from a numerical investigation into the seismic retrofit of a soft story frame using a novel gapped‐inclined brace (GIB) system. The GIB system consists of a pinned brace and a gap element that is added to the first story columns of the frame. The inclusion of GIB elements in addition to increasing the lateral capacity of columns at the first story increases the post‐yield stiffness ratio of the system and reduces the P‐delta effects on the columns, while not increasing the first story lateral resistance or stiffness. This allows for the isolating benefits of the soft story to protect the upper floors of the structure from damage while avoiding excessive deformations and reducing the propensity for collapse. A six‐story RC frame with masonry infills on all floors except for the first floor is studied. The dynamic response of the retrofitted building using the GIB system is investigated numerically and is compared with the response of the original un‐retrofitted building and the same building in which masonry infills are added to the first story to mitigate the soft story response. Results from the nonlinear time‐history analyses indicate that the GIB system could provide a reliable seismic retrofit mechanism for soft story buildings, which greatly reduces the likelihood of collapse by increasing the displacement capacity of the soft storey and by reducing P‐delta effects, while minimizing the overall damage and losses in the building by taking advantages of the isolation that is provided by the soft story to the rest of the structure located above. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Shaking table tests and dynamic analyses of masonry wall buildings with flame-shear walls at lower stories

This paper describes shaking table tests of three eight-story building models: all are masonry structures in the upper stories, with or without frame-shear walls of one- or two- stories at the bottom. The test results of damage characteristics and seismic responses are provided and compared. Then, nonlinear response analyses are conducted to examine the reliability of the dynamic analysis. Finally, many nonlinear response analyses are performed and it is concluded that for relatively hard sites under a certain lateral stiffness ratio (I.e., the ratio of the stiffness of the lowest upper masonry story to that of the frame-shear wall story), the masonry structure with one-story frame-shear wall at the bottom performs better than a structure built entirely of masonry, and a masonry structure with frame-shear wall of two stories performs better than with one-story frame-shear wall. In relatively soft soil conditions, all three structures have similar performane. In addition, some suggestions that could be helpful for design ofmasomy structures with ground story of frame-shear wall structure in seismic intensity region VII, such as the appropriate lateral stiffness ratio, shear force increase factor of the frame-shear wall story, and permissible maximum height of the building, are proposed.     

多层砖房底部两层框架抗震变形性能分析

为实现多层砖房底部两层框架结构的加固,需要研究其抗震变形性能。以某底部两层框架、上部四层砖房建筑为对象,通过STRAND7有限元软件构建有限元计算模型,考虑水平荷载与垂直荷载,深入分析多层砖房底部两层框架抗震变形性能。仿真结果表明,建筑结构振型受结构横向楼板刚度的影响较显著,不同振型的频率变化中,X向1阶频率与Y向2阶频率变化最快,楼板平面内弯曲频率变化最慢;整体结构在X向与Y向分别呈现线性剪切变形和弯剪变形,Y向上由于填充墙发挥抗震墙功能,底部两层框架变形较小;在7度多遇地震影响下,底部两层结构中第二层楼板变形较第一层严重,多层砖房底部两层框架建筑结构处于弹性工作状态。     

外剪-内框装配式混合结构体系适用高度的研究

提出了外剪-内框装配式混合结构体系的概念,介绍了这种新型结构体系的优点及适用范围。以1梯6户的塔式住宅为例,分别建立18层、25层和33层计算模型,研究该结构体系在不同抗震设防烈度情况下的楼层刚度、楼层受剪承载力比、地震作用下的结构剪重比、楼层位移比、楼层位移角等力学及抗震性能性能指标。经分析,外剪-内框装配式混合结构在塔式住宅应用上受力性能合理,结构控制指标符合规范要求,在抗震烈度6度和7度区33层以下住宅可以广泛应用。     

Shaking table tests and dynamic analyses of masonry wall buildings with frame-shear walls at lower stories

This paper describes shaking table tests of three eight-story building models： all are masonry structures in the upper stories, with or without frame-shear walls of one- or two- stories at the bottom. The test results of damage characteristics and seismic responses are provided and compared. Then, nonlinear response analyses are conducted to examine the reliability of the dynamic analysis. Finally, many nonlinear response analyses are performed and it is concluded that for relatively hard sites under a certain lateral stiffness ratio （i.e., the ratio of the stiffness of the lowest upper masonry story to that of the frame- shear wall story）, the masonry structure with one-story frame-shear wall at the bottom performs better than a structure built entirely of masonry, and a masonry structure with frame-shear wall of two stories performs better than with one-story frame- shear wall. In relatively soft soil conditions, all three structures have similar performane. In addition, some suggestions that could be helpful for design of masonry structures with ground story of frame-shear wall structure in seismic intensity region VII, such as the appropriate lateral stiffness ratio, shear force increase factor of the frame-shear wall story, and permissible maximum height of the building, are proposed.     

Seismic performance of buildings retrofitted with nonlinear viscous dampers and adjacent reaction towers

An effective strategy of seismic retrofitting consists of installing nonlinear viscous dampers between the existing building, with insufficient lateral resistance, and some auxiliary towers, specially designed and erected as reaction structures. This allows improving the seismic performance of the existing building without any major alteration to its structural and nonstructural elements, which makes this approach particularly appealing for buildings with heritage value. In this paper, the nonlinear governing equations of the coupled lateral‐torsional seismic motion are derived from first principles for the general case of a multistory building connected at various locations in plan and in elevation to an arbitrary number of multistory towers. This formulation is then used to assess the performance of the proposed retrofitting strategy for a real case study, namely, a 5‐story student hall of residence in the city of Messina, Italy. The results of extensive time‐history analyses highlight the key design considerations associated with the stiffness of the reaction towers and the mechanical parameters of the nonlinear viscous dampers, confirming the validity of this approach.     

设计参数对高层装配式钢结构建筑抗倒塌能力的影响

以某高层装配式钢结构建筑为研究对象,研究设计参数对其抗倒塌能力的影响,通过ABAQUS有限元软件,对装配式混凝土平面框架的低周反复加载试验进行模拟。结果表明,增大框架柱轴压比可提高结构承载力,在荷载峰值达到后会有较快的降低,显著降低了延性。在荷载低周反复作用下,结构延性、承载力、耗能等随着梁柱线刚度比的降低,抗震指标全部呈现增加趋势。随着梁柱线刚度比的增大,层间位移角沿楼层分布均匀性变得越来越差;由于受到荷载作用低周反复后,会大大增加混凝土的强度,并降低耗能和延性指标,同时结构承载力则略微增大。增大轴压比后,如果保持相同的地震动强度,则将会大大提高结构性能极限状态的可能性,而如果结构的轴压比较大,很可能会出现对地震响应性能水平产生破坏等问题。     

底部两层框架基础隔震建筑非线性动力分析

实际震害表明,建筑物主要受水平地震作用影响。本文基于有限元理论,采用大型有限元分析软件SAP2000 Non linear建立了底部两层框架上部砌体非隔震结构和基础隔震结构的实体模型,并采用非线性时程分析法对此模型进行了两个水平向地震作用的分析。结果表明,底部两层框架上部砌体结构采用基础隔震技术后,结构的水平地震反应明显低于相应非隔震结构。尤其是刚度突变的转换层,隔震后水平地震反应降低很多。