秦岭造山带中部两河口岩体花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及地质意义

北秦岭两河口岩体位于太白地区,侵位于秦岭群杂岩中,主要岩性为眼球状花岗岩、片麻状花岗岩和二长花岗岩。 本文研究的眼球状花岗岩和片麻状花岗岩的结晶年龄分别为928±19 Ma 和940±12 Ma,岩石中还保留古元古代至中元古代的 继承锆石。眼球状花岗岩含有富铝矿物石榴子石和白云母。岩石的A/CNK 多大于1.1,具有高Si、富铝的特征,属于高钾钙 碱性系列。岩石轻、重稀土分馏明显,具有中等负Eu 异常。岩石富集大离子亲石元素（Rb, Ba, K 等）、亏损高场强元素 （Nb, Ta, Ti 等）,具有明显的Ba, P, Sr 负异常。矿物学和地球化学特征显示眼球状花岗岩和片麻状花岗岩为S 型花岗岩。两河 口岩体初始Sr 同位素组成变化大,87Sr/86Sr(t)=0.701067~0.739451,具有较低的εNd(t)=-5.7~-3.3, 两阶段Nd 模式年龄为TDM2= 1.9~2.1 Ga。样品具有高的放射成因Pb 同位素组成,指示两河口岩体是壳源成因岩石,其源岩可能为秦岭群斜长角闪岩和 片麻岩。结合区域地质背景,认为两河口岩体源于新元古代陆壳碰撞晚期的构造转换阶段古老中下地壳的熔融作用,是对 Rodinia 超大陆汇聚事件的响应。     

Evidence for the thrust emplacement of the ‘Lesser Himalaya’ Chur granite,Himachal Pradesh

Numerous peraluminous and porphyritic granitic bodies and augen gneisses of granitic compositions occur in the nappe sequences of the Lower Himalaya. They are Proterozoic-to-lower Paleozoic in age and have been grouped into the ‘Lesser Himalaya granite belt’. The mode of emplacement and tectonic significance of these granites are as yet uncertain but they are generally considered to be sheet-like intrusions into the surrounding rocks. The small and isolated granite body (the Chur granite) that crops out around the Chur peak in the Himachal Himalaya is one of the more famous of these granites. Several lines of evidence have been adduced to show that the Chur granite has a thrust (the Chur thrust) contact with the underlying metasedimentary sequence (locally called the Jutogh Group). The Chur granite with restricted occurrence at the highest topographic and structural levels represents an erosional remnant of a much larger sub-horizontal thrust sheet. The contact relations between the country rocks and many of the other granite and granitic augen gneisses in the Lesser Himalaya belt are apparently similar to that of the Chur granite suggesting that at least some of them may also represent thrust sheets.     

青藏高原羌塘中部蜈蚣山印支期花岗岩的地球化学特征和黑云母40Ar-39Ar年龄

本松错岩基是羌塘中部规模最大的花岗岩复合岩基,面积超过1800km2,由石炭纪、三叠纪和侏罗纪3个不同时代的花岗岩岩体组成,记录了羌塘中部不同时期的岩浆活动,是研究羌塘盆地构造演化的重要窗口。蜈蚣山花岗岩位于本松错复合岩基北部,前人认为其时代为侏罗纪,但是近期在蜈蚣山地区侏罗纪花岗岩中发现有少量印支期花岗岩出露,岩性主要为花岗片麻岩和二长花岗岩,可能为侏罗纪花岗岩的捕虏体。地球化学研究表明,二长花岗岩属高钾钙碱性过铝质花岗岩,形成于同碰撞环境,与区域内其它印支期中酸性岩浆岩类似,共同构成龙木错-双湖-澜沧江板块缝合带同碰撞—后碰撞岩浆弧。此外还对花岗片麻岩片麻理中的黑云母做了40Ar-39Ar测年,获得了175.8Ma±1.1Ma的定年结果,与其围岩侏罗纪花岗岩年龄相近,推测花岗片麻岩是印支期花岗岩受后期侵入的侏罗纪岩浆改造后的产物,本松错复合岩基应当是中酸性岩浆岩多期侵入的产物。     

青藏高原羌塘中部蜈蚣山印支期花岗岩的地球化学特征和黑云母^（40）Ar-^（39）Ar年龄

本松错岩基是羌塘中部规模最大的花岗岩复合岩基,面积超过1800km2,由石炭纪、三叠纪和侏罗纪3个不同时代的花岗岩岩体组成,记录了羌塘中部不同时期的岩浆活动,是研究羌塘盆地构造演化的重要窗口。蜈蚣山花岗岩位于本松错复合岩基北部,前人认为其时代为侏罗纪,但是近期在蜈蚣山地区侏罗纪花岗岩中发现有少量印支期花岗岩出露,岩性主要为花岗片麻岩和二长花岗岩,可能为侏罗纪花岗岩的捕虏体。地球化学研究表明,二长花岗岩属高钾钙碱性过铝质花岗岩,形成于同碰撞环境,与区域内其它印支期中酸性岩浆岩类似,共同构成龙木错-双湖-澜沧江板块缝合带同碰撞—后碰撞岩浆弧。此外还对花岗片麻岩片麻理中的黑云母做了40Ar-39Ar测年,获得了175.8Ma±1.1Ma的定年结果,与其围岩侏罗纪花岗岩年龄相近,推测花岗片麻岩是印支期花岗岩受后期侵入的侏罗纪岩浆改造后的产物,本松错复合岩基应当是中酸性岩浆岩多期侵入的产物。     

老挝爬立山铁矿二长花岗斑岩地球化学特征及其成矿意义

老挝爬立山铁矿位于长山褶皱带北西端,为一个大型矽卡岩型铁矿床。铁矿化产于二长花岗斑岩的内、外接触带。二长花岗斑岩具有富碱,硅、铝过饱和的特征,属钙碱性岩。微量元素配分模式与正常大陆弧花岗岩类似,稀土配分模式为右倾轻稀土富集型,正铕异常,轻重稀土分馏明显,属下地壳重熔被动侵位形成的"S"型花岗岩。岩体U-Pb年龄为283±2.9Ma,侵位时间为早二叠世。爬立山铁矿床潜在资源量巨大,外围地区具有相同类型铁矿床的找矿远景。     

藏南拿日雍措片麻岩穹窿淡色花岗岩稀有金属的富集

拿日雍措穹窿(错那洞穹窿)位于北喜马拉雅穹窿的东部,穹隆内花岗岩种类较多,有淡色花岗岩、含石榴子石淡色花岗岩、片理化淡色花岗岩、含石榴子石和含绿柱石伟晶岩.这些花岗岩为经历了斜长石、锆石、独居石、磷灰石、富Ti矿物等分离结晶作用而形成的高度演化花岗岩,相对于维氏世界花岗岩平均值,富集Bi、Cs、Li、Sn、Be、Pb、B、W、Ta等稀有金属成矿元素,略贫Nb元素.同时,围岩也相对富集稀有金属元素.全岩地球化学分析表明,引起拿日雍措穹隆淡色花岗岩富集稀有金属成矿元素的因素是分离结晶作用和热液交代作用.高度演化淡色花岗岩在喜马拉雅造山带广泛分布,铌铁矿、钽铁矿、锡石和绿柱石等稀有金属矿物已在多处露头被识别,暗示了喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩是未来稀有金属矿产勘探的重要靶区.     

青海三江北段拉地贡玛地区印支期花岗岩地球化学特征及地质意义

拉地贡玛地区花岗岩处于金沙江缝合带内,区域上隶属西金乌兰—金沙江缝合带的物质组成部分,在研究区属通天河构造岩浆岩带。据出露岩石类型,将其划分为3个单元: 拉地贡玛花岗闪长岩(T₃γδ)、日阿日曲石英闪长岩(T₃δο)、缅切英云闪长岩(T₃δi)。岩浆侵位时代为晚三叠世; 侵入岩体是以高硅富铝、多碱质和挥发组分为特征的兼具I型和S型花岗岩,属过铝质花岗岩; 轻重稀土分馏程度明显,轻稀土富集,Eu、Ce呈弱负异常,Rb、Th、Ba等元素富集,Y、Yb、Cr等元素亏损,具I型和S型花岗岩的特点,与火山弧钙碱性花岗岩特征相似。研究区花岗岩形成构造环境与晚三叠世多彩—当江构造混杂带的俯冲作用有关,是与俯冲汇聚构造环境有关的大陆碰撞弧型花岗岩。     

准噶尔板块东南缘沙尔德兰地区A型花岗岩构造环境研究

研究区属于准噶尔板块东南缘,即传统意义上的北天山东段,分布有两类A型花岗岩,一种是钾长花岗岩,另一种是正长花岗斑岩。其中阔台克力克能厄肯钾长花岗岩产于大南湖岛弧带,白坡南钾长花岗岩和正长花岗斑岩均产于觉罗塔格岛弧带。白坡南与阔台克力克能厄肯钾长花岗岩同为弱过铝质,岩石化学属高钾钙碱性系列,稀土元素配分曲线为轻稀土富集型,具有明显的负Eu异常; 富集大离子亲石元素,显著亏损Sr、Nb、P₂O₅、TiO₂,具有火山弧花岗岩的地球化学特征。正长花岗斑岩从准铝质过渡到弱过铝质,岩石化学从高钾钙碱性系列过渡到钾玄岩系列,轻重稀土元素分馏不明显,具有显著的负Eu异常; 富集高场强元素,亏损Ba、Sr、P₂O₅及TiO₂,具有板内花岗岩的地球化学特征。这些钾长花岗岩和正长花岗斑岩均属于A₂型花岗岩。根据前人在北疆地区获取的研究成果,可将该区域岛弧环境结束与后碰撞岩石圈伸展环境开始的分界时限厘定为320Ma。根据我们的研究,白坡南钾长花岗岩体的锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为338.3±4.3Ma,正长花岗斑岩的锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为278±2Ma。年代学与岩石地球化学研究表明,白坡南钾长花岗岩形成于B型俯冲阶段的岛弧环境,而正长花岗斑岩形成于后碰撞岩石圈伸展环境。由此证明,A型花岗岩不仅产于非造山和后碰撞伸展环境,还可以产于岛弧环境。     

Rb-Sr geochronology and petrogenesis of granitoids from the Chhotanagpur granite gneiss complex of Raikera-Kunkuri region,Central India

The Precambrian Chhotanagpur granite gneiss complex (CGGC) terrain covers more than 80,000 sq km area, and is dominated by granitoid gneisses and migmatites. Recent geochronological data indicate that the CGGC terrain has witnessed five tectonomagmatic thermal events at: (i) 2.5–2.4 Ga, (ii) 2.2–2.0 Ga, (iii) 1.6–1.4 Ga, (iv) 1.2–1.0 Ga, and (v) 0.9–0.8 Ga. Of these, the third and the fourth events are widespread. The whole-rock Rb-Sr isotopic analysis of twenty granite samples from the CGGC of Raikera-Kunkuri region, Jashpur district, Chhattisgarh, Central India, yields two distinct isochrons. The eleven samples of grey granites define an isochron age of 1005±51 Ma with moderate initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.7047±0.0065, which corresponds to the fourth tectonomagmatic event. On the other hand, the nine samples of pink granites indicate younger isochron age of 815±47 Ma with a higher initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.7539±0.0066 that matches with the fifth phase of the thermal event. The data suggest emplacement of large bodies of grey granite at ∼1005 Ma that evolved possibly from precursors of tonalitic-granodioritic composition. Furthermore, the younger age (∼815 Ma) suggests the age of metasomatism, involving isotopic resetting, that resulted in genesis of pink granite bodies of limited areal extent. By analogy, the age of metasomatism (∼815 Ma) may also be taken to represent the age of Y-mineralisation in the Raikera-Kunkuri region of the CGGC terrain.     

Pan-African Magmatism, and Sedimentation in the NW Himalaya

Correlation of early Palaeozoic, Pan-African (500 ± 50 Ma) granites that intruded the Chail, Salkhala, Haimanta Formations in the Lesser Himalaya, Zanskar crystallines, and Lower Taglang La of Tso-Morari crystallines in the northwestern Himalaya, is based on the field relationship, tectonic setting, mineralogical, and geochemical characteristics, and isotope dating of the granites. These granite plutons exhibit identical petrographical, and geochemical character. The mineralogical composition of the granites is quite similar, consisting of quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase feldspar, biotite, muscovite, garnet, tourmaline, ± cordierite, andalusite, and sillimanite fibrolite. The granite which are massive, and inequigranular in the core of the plutons, show strongly foliated character indicating development of ductile shear zone at the margins. These are peraluminous S-type granites having high A/CNK value (> 1). Presence of normative corundum, rounded shape of zircon, and high initial Sr ratio suggest crustal source of the granites. Mantle normalized spider-diagram exhibits similar characters for all these granitoids. The intrusion of the Pan-African granites mark an abrupt end of the sedimentation that continued virtually uninterrupted from Palaeoproterozoic. The sudden break in sedimentation towards the terminal phases of the Lower Cambrian has been observed in almost all parts in Lesser as well as the Tethys Himalaya. Occurrences of large number of plutons along different tectonic belts of northwestern Himalaya are indicative of widespread tectono-thermal event during early Palaeozoic (500 ± 50 Ma). The bracketing of the two features like, the break in sedimentation during post-Late Cambrian, and the intrusion of granites around 500 ± 50 Ma, is considered to be the result of a strong diastrophic orogenic event correlatable to the late phases of the Pan-African Orogeny in Africa.     

阿尔金造山带青白口纪片麻状花岗岩的厘定及对Rodinia超大陆汇聚时限的制约

阿尔金造山带新元古代花岗岩的研究对探讨该地区Rodinia超大陆汇聚阶段构造演化过程具有重要意义。本文对在亚干布阳一带新厘定的青白口纪片麻状花岗岩开展了详细的岩石学、年代学和岩石地球化学研究。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学证据显示片麻状花岗岩结晶年龄分别为(883.0±3.3)Ma和(883.1±3.3)Ma,说明其侵位于青白口纪。地球化学结果显示,常量元素具有富硅、铝、钾和低钠、镁、钙和钛的特点,具钙碱性-高钾钙碱性、过铝质花岗岩特征。岩石轻稀土分馏较强而重稀土分馏较弱,具有明显的负Eu异常,总体呈右倾的"V"型稀土分配模式。岩石富集Rb、Th、LREE等大离子亲石元素,中等亏损Ba,强烈亏损Nb、Sr、P、Hf、Ti等高场强元素,总体特征显示了典型的壳源花岗岩的特征,其源于地壳变质砂岩部分熔融,形成于同碰撞晚期构造环境,属Rodinia超大陆汇聚阶段的产物。综合研究表明,阿尔金地区新元古代早期同碰撞型岩体的形成时代集中在871～945 Ma,限定了Rodinia超大陆汇聚时限,且在空间上构成了一条重要的岩浆岩带,是对Rodinia超大陆碰撞汇聚作用的响应。     

内蒙古干劲山地区二长花岗岩年代学及地球化学特征研究

通过对内蒙古额济纳旗干劲山地区二长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学特征研究,探讨了其侵入年代与构造背景。二长花岗岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U- Pb加权平均年龄为(276.63±0.84)Ma, 属早二叠世。岩石地球化学研究显示二长花岗岩A/CNK值为0.97~1.15,里特曼指数(σ值)为1.64~1.96,属准铝质—过铝质钙碱性系列花岗岩。岩石富集Rb、Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素和Th、U、Zr等高场强元素。稀土元素特征为轻稀土富集, 轻、重稀土分异不明显, 轻稀土发生了较明显的分馏作用,铕负异常较明显。岩体为同造山“I”型花岗岩,其构造背景为陆缘弧,是干劲山地区晚华力西期造山运动的产物,红石山—路井裂谷带在晚古生代的拼合时间被限定到早二叠世晚期之后。     

东天山平顶山巨眼球状片麻状花岗岩特征及成因

本文以东天山平顶山岩体为例,探讨中天山晋宁旋回晚期巨眼球状片麻状花岗岩的特征及其形成机制。野外地质关系、岩相学、岩石化学、稀土元素、微量元素和同位素研究表明,平顶山岩体是岛弧钙碱性火山-沉积岩系经原地改造的产物,其Rb-Sr等时线年龄为927 Ma。花岗岩形成作用的动力、热力来源可能与碰撞后天山岩石圈的拆沉有关。拆沉导致的底侵和内侵引发了地壳岩石的韧性剪切,剪切后的岩石有利于部分熔融、熔体-流体运移和化学反应,而熔体和流体的作用反过来又会促进韧性剪切,并将较浅层次的变形变质岩石改造为片麻状花岗岩。平顶山岩体的成岩作用体现了部分熔融、韧性剪切和流体作用的相互反馈,也是这些作用的共同产物。这种原地片麻状花岗岩的成岩过程主要为深源熔体和流体与原岩的相互作用,并使原岩发生不同程度的部分熔融,因而其地球化学特征同时受到原岩和外来熔体-流体的控制。底侵和内侵是造山过程晚期-期后挤压-拉张转折期地壳垂向增生的重要方式,而平顶山这类片麻状花岗岩则是这种垂向增生的产物。     

Geochemistry and Tectonic Significance of Alkali Granites along the Ulungur River,Xinjiang

In North Xinjiang there is an alkali granite belt extending in the NW-SE direction along the southern band of the Ulungur River and running parallel to the suture zone,i.e.,Aermantai-Zhaheba Ophiolitic Melange Zone ,between the Junggar Plate and the Altay Orogenic Belt.Whole -rock Rb-Sr isochron ages of the Ulungur alkali granites are within the range of 292-309Ma, showing that they were genetically connected with the latest episode of Hercynian magmatism subsequent to the syncollision S-type and post-collision uplifting I-type granitoids in the Altay region .The alkali granites are miner-alogically characterized by the occurrence of aegirine and arfvedsonite and chemically by high silicon and alkali,low calcium and magnesium and abundant high-field elements, being typical A-type granites .The alkali granites were formed in the final stage of the Hercynian calc-alkaline magmatic cycle in a very short period of time .They are in line with the post-orogenic A-type(PA-type)granites, implying that the tectonic regime was changed from compression to extension.     

Mineral isotope evidence for the contemporaneous process of Mesozoic granite emplacement and gneiss metamorphism in the Dabie orogen

Kinetics of isotopic equilibrium in the mineral radiometric systems of igneous and metamorphic rocks is an important issue in geochronology. It turns out that temperature is the most important factor in dictating isotopic equilibrium or disequilibrium with respect to diffusion mechanism. Contemporaneous occurrence of Mesozoic granites and gneisses in the Dabie orogen of China allows us to evaluate the thermal effect of magma emplacement and associated metamorphism on mineral radiometric systems. Zircon U-Pb, mineral Rb-Sr and O isotope analyses were carried out for a Cretaceous granite and its host gneiss (foliated granite) from North Dabie. Zircon U-Pb dating gave consistently concordant ages of 127 ± 3 Ma and 128 ± 2 Ma for the granite and the gneiss, respectively. A direct correspondence in equilibrium state is observed between the O and Rb-Sr isotope systems of both granitic and gneissic minerals. Mineral O isotope temperatures correlate with O diffusion closure temperatures under conditions of slow cooling, indicating attainment and preservation of O isotope equilibrium in these minerals. The mineral Rb-Sr isochron of granite, constructed by biotite, feldspar, apatite and whole-rock with the O isotope equilibrium, yields a meaningful age of 118 ± 3 Ma, which is in accordance with the mineral Rb-Sr isochron age of 122 ± 1 Ma for the host gneiss. The consistency in both U-Pb and Rb-Sr ages between the granite and the gneiss suggests a contemporaneous process of crystallizing the zircons and resetting the Rb-Sr radiometric systems during magma emplacement and granite foliation. Whereas the zircon U-Pb ages for both granite and gneiss are interpreted as the timing of magma crystallization, the young Rb-Sr isochron ages record the timing of Sr diffusion closure during the slow cooling. Protolith of the gneiss crystallized shortly before intrusion of the granite, so that it was able to be foliated by voluminous emplacement of coeval mafic to felsic magmas derived by anatexis of orogenic lithospheric keel. Therefore, extensional collapse of collision-thickened crust at Early Cretaceous is suggested to trigger the post-collisional magmatism, which in turn serves as an essential driving force for the contemporaneous high-T deformation/metamorphism.     

埃塞俄比亚施瑞地区花岗岩地球化学特征及构造环境

埃塞俄比亚北部施瑞地区具有造山前、造山期和造山后3种花岗岩类型, 全岩Sm-Nd等时线测年结果表明, 造山前和造山后花岗岩成岩年龄分别为824.4±15.5 Ma和517.9±5.8 Ma.3类花岗岩主量元素和稀土微量元素成分存在明显差异, 其中造山前花岗岩属于低钾过铝质花岗岩, 稀土分配模式属轻稀土弱富集型, 富集大离子亲石元素, 亏损P和Ti高场强元素;造山期花岗岩为准铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩, 稀土分配模式属轻稀土富集型, 富集大离子亲石元素和高场强元素;造山后花岗岩为弱过铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩, 稀土分配模式具强烈铕亏损的海鸥型, 富集大离子亲石元素, 明显亏损P和Ti高场强元素.综合研究表明: 造山前和造山期花岗岩均为I型幔源花岗岩, 构造环境处于被动大陆边缘-火山岛弧环境;造山后花岗岩为A2型壳源主花岗岩, 是在洋盆关闭和阿拉伯-努比亚地盾成熟后, 由减薄的地壳部分熔融产生.      

伊犁地块南缘古生代花岗岩类的地质特征及构造意义

伊犁地块南缘元古宙特克斯群变质岩中侵入有花岗岩类,其形成时代和构造背景一直没有详细的研究。文章通过野外观察和室内分析,确定花岗质侵入体主要由弱面理化黑云母花岗岩、强面理化二云母花岗岩和未变形黑云母花岗岩组成。全岩地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学分析显示,弱面理化黑云母花岗岩和强面理化二云母花岗岩属于过铝质钙碱性系列,其年龄分别为438 Ma和426 Ma;未变形黑云母花岗岩则属于典型的钙碱性系列,富集大离子亲石元素,相对亏损高场强元素,其年龄介于400~380 Ma之间。结合前人对区域地质的研究认识,笔者认为这些花岗岩类记录了两期不同构造背景的岩浆作用,指示研究区经历了两阶段构造—岩浆演化,即早古生代过铝质钙碱性弱面理化黑云母花岗岩与强面理化二云母花岗岩形成于哈萨克斯坦微大陆汇聚拼贴过程的后碰撞造山环境;中—晚古生代钙碱性未变形黑云母花岗岩则形成于准噶尔洋俯冲作用的活动大陆边缘。     

Petrology and geochemistry of late archaean granitoids in the northern part of Eastern Dharwar Craton,Southern India: Implications for transitional geodynamic setting

The results of field, petrographic and geochemical work of the granitoids of Hutti-Gurgunta area in the northern part of Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC) is presented in this paper. This crustal section comprises polyphase banded to foliated TTG gneisses, middle amphibolite facies Gurgunta schist belt and upper greenschist facies Hutti schist belt and abundant granite plutons. The focus of the present study is mainly on basement TTG gneisses and a granite pluton (∼ 240 sq km areal extent), to discuss crustal accretion processes including changing petrogenetic mechanism and geodynamic setting. The TTGs contain quartz, plagioclase, lesser K-feldspar and hornblende with minor biotite while the granite contain quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar and hornblende. Late stage alteration (chloritisation, sericitisation and epidotisation) is wide spread in the entire area. A huge synplutonic mafic body which is dioritic to meladioritic in composition injects the granite and displays all stages of progressive mixing and hybridization. The studied TTGs and granite show distinct major and trace element patterns. The TTGs are characterized by higher SiO₂, high Al₂O₃, and Na₂O, low TiO₂, Mg#, CaO, K₂O and LILE, and HFS elements compared to granite. TTGs define strong trondhjemite trend whilst granite shows calc-alkaline trend. However, both TTGs and granite show characteristics of Phanerozoic high-silica adakites. The granite also shows characteristics of transitional TTGs in its high LILE, and progressive increase in K₂O with differentiation. Both TTGs and granite define linear to sub-linear trends on variation diagrams. The TTGs show moderate total REE contents with fractionated REE patterns (La/Yb_N =17.73–61.73) and slight positive or without any significant Eu anomaly implying little amount of amphibole or plagioclase in residual liquid. On the other hand, the granite displays poor to moderate fractionation of REE patterns (La/Yb_N = 9.06–67.21) without any significant Eu anomaly. The TTGs have been interpreted to be produced by low-K basaltic slab melting at shallow depth, whereas the granite pluton has been formed by slab melting at depth and these melts interacted with peridotite mantle wedge. Such changing petrogenetic mechanisms and geodynamic conditions explain increase in the contents of MgO, CaO, Ni and Cr from 2700 Ma to 2500 Ma granitoids in the EDC.     

Calc-alkaline Arc I-type Granitoid Associated with S-type Granite in the Pan-African Belt of Eastern Anti-Atlas (Saghro and Ougnat, South Morocco)

The Sidi Flah and Ougnat inliers are located in the eastern Anti-Atlas antiform between the Anti-Atlas Major Fault (AAMF) and South Atlas Fault (SAF). They consist of many granitoid intrusions emplaced into Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks and surmounted by upper Neoproterozoic A-type granites. The Sidi Flah (Saghro) and Ougnat granitoids are part of the Neoproterozoic magmatic activity related to northwards subduction of an oceanic plate beneath the Saghro continental margin. They are post-orogenic I- and S-type granitoids related to the ending of the compressional deformation in this Pan-African belt. A petrographic, geochemical and zircon typology study leads us to subdivide these rocks into three magmatic groups: (1) a medium- to high-K calc-alkaline group formed by quartz diorites and amphibole granodiorites is found in both Sidi Flah and Ougnat inliers; (2) a high-K calc-alkaline group is present in Sidi Flah. These two groups have a (deeper and) hybrid mantle-crust origin; (3) a peraluminous group in Ougnat is linked to the post-collisional setting and has a shallow crustal source. On a primitive mantle-normalized trace-element diagram, almost all of these rocks show a significant Nb depletion relative to K and La, which is typical of the calc-alkaline magmatism from the subduction-zone environment. Absence of structural marks of thrusting upon the West African craton (WAC) of this arc system and the ophiolitic suite in Bou-Azzer, and the presence of Imiter muscovite-bearing granite as part of Pan-African belt do not support the localization of northern limit of WAC at the level of SAF.     

钦-杭成矿带东段村前含矿斑岩地球化学特征及其构造环境与成矿意义

村前铜多金属矿床位于钦杭成矿带东段,为一具有矽卡岩型矿化和斑岩型矿化的铜多金属矿床,含矿岩体为燕山早期花岗闪长斑岩,岩石具有富硅、富铝、富碱的特点,属于偏铝-过铝质钙碱性花岗岩类。岩体具有从深部向浅部蚀变增强,大部分组分活动性不明显,而成矿元素Cu-Mo-Fe-Pb-Zn-Au-Ag含量明显增加,Na2O、Sr含量降低,REE元素除Eu少量丢失外,其余均呈一致的迁入特征。岩体属Ⅰ型花岗质岩石,由具角闪石+石榴子石残留相的火成岩部分熔融形成的熔浆,混合或混染了地壳重熔型岩浆上侵就位而成。钦杭结合带东段,燕山期中酸性岩浆活动具有从176~150Ma的埃达克岩或具岛弧花岗岩特征的Ⅰ型花岗岩,至150~140Ma的S型花岗岩,向140~110Ma的A型花岗岩演化趋势,显示了地壳由厚减薄的过程,暗示其大地构造背景为岩石圈的伸展减薄环境,而形成于169.3±1.1Ma的村前斑岩体正处于伸展阶段早期。综合岩体成矿特征表明,钦杭成矿带东段及邻近地区,176~160Ma主要形成与Ⅰ型花岗质岩石有关的以Cu为主的多金属矿床;160~150Ma主要形成与Ⅰ型花岗质岩石有关的Cu-Mo矿床与W-Sn矿床;150~140Ma主要形成与S型花岗质岩石有关的以W-Sn-Mo为主的多金属矿床,以及以Ag-Pb-Zn为主的多金属矿床;140~110Ma主要形成与A型花岗质岩石有关的以W-Sn-Mo为主的多金属矿床,少量与Ⅰ型花岗质岩石有关的Pb-Zn矿床。