Forces driving changes in cultivated land and management countermeasures in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China

The Three Gorges project accelerates economic development in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.This paper aimed to investigate the distribution,changes and features of cultivated land in this area,analyze the forces driving the changes in cultivated land area,and propose the countermeasures for cultivated land management.Transition matrix was used to analyze the features of cultivated land changes,and quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis were adopted to research the driving forces according to the features of cultivated land changes.Cultivated land in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area mainly lay to the northwest of the Yangtze River,especially the upper reaches.The areas of cultivated land increased from 1996 to 1999,then decreased from 2000 to 2006,and finally increased again from 2007 to 2009.The important forces driving changes in cultivated land included government policies,employment and food security,increasing construction land,agriculture structure adjustment,land rearrangement,inundation.During cultivated land management,firstly,it is necessary to insist on the principle of cultivated land protection,standardize land exploitation and strictly restrict the transformation of cultivated land into non-farming land.Secondly,land rearrangement must be implemented,which can not only increase the area of the cultivated land,but also improve the quality of the cultivated land.Thirdly,it is feasible to intensify eco-agriculture construction to increase the quantity and quality of cultivated land.Fourthly,it is helpful to improve the traditional agriculture production methods to promote cultivated land quality.Lastly,it is important to propagandize cultivated land protection and realize the enormous pressure of cultivated land shortage,making more people obligated to protect cultivated land.     

山东省耕地变化及社会经济驱动因素分析

根据山东省2002-2008年耕地面积和社会经济发展统计数据,分析了全省耕地、人口变化趋势,利用主成分分析法通过SPSS定量分析了影响耕地变化的驱动因子,依据主成分分析的结果,重点进行了人口、经济和城市建设等因素的驱动分析。     

耕地资源多功能利用及价值提升研究

提升耕地资源价值是加强耕地保护的重要途径,是推进生态文明建设的重要举措。该文从耕地资源多功能利用和价值提升的工程技术途径、管理与政策途径等方面,梳理了国内外相关研究。认为耕地资源价值提升的工程技术亟需集成为土地整治工程技术与景观修复、重建工程技术;耕地资源价值提升的管理方式亟需由单一功能管理向多功能管理转变;耕地资源价值需通过法律政策、宣传教育及市场化途径加以显化,为落实和完善最严格的耕地保护制度提供参考。     

潍坊市耕地资源动态变化及驱动力分析

潍坊市是国家重要的农副产品生产基地。近几年来，随着经济的发展，耕地资源迅速退化和流失，使得人口与耕地的矛盾日渐突出。通过对相关数据的分析，揭示了潍坊市自改革开放以来耕地资源的变化趋势。运用定性和定量的方法对耕地数量变化的驱动因子进行了分析；并结合潍坊市耕地资源利用的具体情况，提出保护耕地的对策与建议。     

SUSTAINABLE LAND USE PLANNING BASED ON ECOLOGICAL HEALTH——Case Study of Beiwenquan Town, Chongqing, China

1IN T R O D U C T IO N Since the20th century, ecosystem and even biosphere has been facedwith threat sunder theimpactsofclimate and humankind together(E RICH and ULRIKE , 2002 ; G LADE ,2003 ;O LGERTS etal.,2005 ).Land isan im- portantpartof natureecosyst…     

基于遥感和高程差异特征快速调查采煤塌陷地的方法研究——以山东省为例

煤矿开采产生的地表塌陷不仅造成耕地破坏,还会引发生态环境破坏及基础设施建设损毁,对社会经济发展造成严重的负面影响。如何快速摸清底数,进而理清责任并分类治理显得尤为重要。该文以山东省为例,研究借助遥感技术和DEM高程差异特征形成一套快速调查采煤塌陷地的技术方法,该方法重点调查地表在一定时期高程损失0.5m以上、且损害人民生产生活的采煤塌陷区域。通过研究,摸清了山东省采煤塌陷地位置、规模、损毁程度及土地用途等基本情况,并建立了采煤塌陷地基础数据库。     

长江三角洲土地资源遥感动态分析

对土地资源需求的增长与有限的土地资源量之间的矛盾 ,是长江三角洲区域经济持续发展的主要矛盾之一。随着长江三角洲区域经济的快速发展 ,城市化、工业化进程加快 ,土地资源在高强度的开发中发生快速变化。在经济发展的同时 ,人与土地资源的矛盾更加尖锐 ,成为当前制约国民经济持续、协调发展的重要因素。长江三角洲地区是我国经济高度发达的地区之一 ,也是我国历史上少有的大面积粮食高产、稳产区。本文在利用遥感和 GIS技术对 1985～ 2 0 0 0年间全区土地资源进行动态分析 ,特别是在对耕地资源数量的定量分析基础上 ,结合区域土地资源的结构变化特点 ,深入研究其时空过程及动态变化规律 ,探索长江三角洲地区耕地动态平衡的措施与土地资源合理利用的对策 ,为区域农业持续发展服务。     

Sustainable land use planning based on ecological health

This paper, taking Beiwenquan Town of Beibei, Chongqing as an example, assessed the impacts of land use on ecological health by comprehensive index method, and discussed methodological system of sustainable land use planning based on ecological health. Results indicated that: 1) From 1992 to 2002, land use changes focused on 12 patterns with the total conversion area of 92.11%, which were related to cultivated land, residential and industrial-mining area, and orchard land. Urbanization and economic reconstruction with the leading driving forces. 2) There was obvious difference of the areas of ecotypes driven by land use change in wide valley and mild slope between 1992 and 2002, while there were little or no difference in steep slope and very steep slope. 3) Both of the conditions of ecological health in 1992 and 2002 were sound, and the ecotypes focused on the types of health and sub-health. But, health ecosystem in 1992, with an area of 764.64ha, accounting for 38.51% of the total evaluation area, was better than that in 2002, with an area of 636.10ha, accounting for 34.19% of the total evaluation area. 4) The ecotypes involved into different ranges have already degenerated, due to humankind’s disturbance, while the conditions of ecological health in the same range in 1992, regardless of stability and reconstruction, were better than that in 2002. 5) The planning scenario based on ecological health was accorded with the practice condition of Beiwenquan Town: 388.29ha of cultivated land could meet the Beiwenquan demand of food and byproduct; 1045.26ha of forest land area, the Beiwenquan demand of ecological health; and 1004.73ha of the residential and industrial-mining area, the Beiwenquan building demand. 6) Sustainable land use planning based on ecological health had higher useful value, because it not only stood to ecological theory, but also satisfied the development demand of society and economy. Foundation item: Under the auspices of the Key Project of Science and Technology of the Ministry of Education (No. 03111) and Incubation Fund Project of Science and Technology Committee of Chongqing (No. 017079) Biography: SHAO Jing-an (1976-), male, a native of Bozhou of Anhui Province, Ph.D., specialized in land use and eco-environmental evolution. E-mail: shaojinganswau@yahoo.com.cn     

Changes in Land Use and Agricultural Production Structure Before and After the Implementation of Grain for Green Program in Western China–Taking Two Typical Counties as Examples

Soil erosion becomes a serious environmental problem in the world, especially in western China. An effective management practice called the Grain for Green Program （GGP）, which was launched in 1999, aims to reduce soil and water loss and alleviate the ecological environment problem in western China. Two typical counties in western China, the Zhongxian （in Chongqing Municipality） and Ansai （in Shaanxi Province） were chosen to evaluate the dynamic changes of land use and agricultural production structure before and after the implementation of the Program in this paper. The results showed that the cultivated land area was reduced by 7.08% from 1989 to 2003. The cultivated land per person was decreased by 8.42% during 1999-2003. Moreover, the stability index of the secondary sector of the economy was increased from 0.91 in the period 1990-1999 to 0.94 in the following ten years. In addition, the stability index of tertiary economic sector increased from 0.88 to 0.92 in Zhongxian county. Meanwhile, the cultivated land area was reduced by 15.48% from 1990 to 1999. The soil erosion modulus was decreased by 33.33% from 1999 to 2006. Also, the stability index of secondary and tertiary economic sectors was 0.86 in the period 1998-2002. However, it decreased by 77% during 2002 to 2007 in Ansai County. These results imply that the Grain for Green Program had different impact on the two regions. Several effective strategies of soil and water conservation have been carried out to ameliorate the sustainable development of ecological environment and economy in these two counties of western China.     

城市快速扩张驱动下的耕地演化模拟与预测——以广东省东莞市为例

在快速城市化进程中,有效地保护耕地数量和质量是一个重要的科学命题。本文以广东省东莞市为例,通过构建Logistic-CA城市扩张模型,试图探明城市快速扩张主导下的耕地演化特征和机制,对耕地演化进行模拟与预测,为城市的可持续发展规划和耕地保护提供科学的参考依据。首先,分析了1998-2013年东莞市各用地类型间的转换关系,对城市扩张与耕地演化的机制进行了探究;其次,综合考虑地理、经济与政策因子,通过对地理因子模拟和地理与经济结合模拟2种结果的比较分析,选取最优因子组合定义了CA转换规则,构建Logistic-CA模型;最后,基于该模型,依据2006-2020年东莞市土地利用总体规划图,对耕地演化进行预测,并进行数量、质量和空间形态上的分析。模拟结果表明,在耕地演化机制上,东莞市在2003-2008年和2008-2013年2个时段中新增城市用地分别有71.96%和80.86%直接或间接来源于耕地,且相应时段内的耕地补给量远小于耕地流失量;在空间形态上,呈现大块耕地边缘破碎化,细碎耕地逐步消亡的空间演化模式。模型的预测结果表明,至2020年耕地将会减少8205.4 hm²,且优等耕地和高等耕地的减少比重分别达到5.16%和5.27%。     

Integrated Indicators-based Gradation of Cultivated Land Quality in Mountainous Region of Southwestern China

1 Introduction The gradation of cultivated land is to assess the suitability of cultivated land for agricultural production in terms of natural and economic prop-erties of land (Feng et al. 2004). It can be used to evaluate sustainability of land use and …     

基于GIS技术的耕地质量监测区划定及监测样点布设研究——以山东省夏津县为例

基于农用地分等定级成果,以山东省夏津县为例,借助GIS技术和地学统计方法研究耕地质量监测区的划定以及监测样点的布设。研究结果表明:利用ArcGIS空间分析功能,叠加自然质量分区、利用水平分区、经济水平分区、土地利用特征分区,在不打破原有行政村界的基础上进行调整,夏津县共划分出21个耕地质量监测区;依据监测区面积分配比例,综合考虑自然质量等控制区、利用等值区、经济等值区、土地利用分区和监测样点覆盖全面性等因素对理论监测样点布设位置及数量进行了修整,夏津县耕地质量等级监测分区范围内共布设监测样点36个。研究结果对政府相关部门开展耕地监测与保护工作具有一定的参考价值。     

多时相Landsat数据动态监测城市土地利用变化——以上海市为例

近年来,上海市由于经济的快速发展,城市用地急剧增加,利用多时相的遥感影像,可以动态地定量监测这种城市化的现象。该文采用平行六面体分类法、最小距离分类法、最大似然分类方法,对上海市2002年和2009年Landsat5遥感影像进行分类并对比,发现最大似然分类方法精度最高,在此基础上,分析利用ENVI获取的土地利用类型转移矩阵,可以发现,上海市土地利用发生重大变化,城市用地面积急剧增加,耕地面积快速减少。大量的耕地资源流向了城市用地,但其他用地很少转移到耕地,这种占用不可逆。上海市各区县城市用地的扩张不仅存在数量上的差异,同时还存在着空间上的差异。     

文登市建设用地耕作层土壤剥离工作探讨

山东省文登市耕地面积6.2137万hm2,人均耕地不足0.097 hm2,耕地后备资源稀缺,土地供需矛盾日益突出。随着经济社会快速发展,全市建设项目占用耕地数量逐年增加。近年来,文登市在被占用耕地耕作层土壤剥离方面作了一些探索,取得了较好成效,走出了一条活用表层熟土再造肥田沃土的新路子。     

Arrangement of High-standard Basic Farmland Construction Based on Village-region Cultivated Land Quality Uniformity

As an important constitute of land consolidation, high-standard basic farmland construction is an important means to protect the quantity, quality and ecological environment of cultivated land. Its target not only lies in the increase of cultivated land quantity, but also the improvement of cultivated land quality, agricultural production conditions and ecosystem environments. In the present study, the quality evaluation method and construction arrangement of cultivated land were explored to facilitate the process of decision-making and implementation for high-standard basic farmland construction(HSBFC) with administrative village as the unit. Taking the land comprehensive improvement project area in Quzhou County, Handan City, Hebei Province as a case study, the whole process of the study comprised of three steps: 1) establishment of the evaluation model of cultivated land quality uniformity based on regional optimum cultivated land quality, and construction of the uniformity evaluation index system from the aspects of soil fertility quality, engineering quality, spatial quality and eco-environment quality, according to the new concept of cultivated land quality; 2) calculation of cultivated land quality uniformity by grading indicators, assigning scores and weighting sums, exploring the local homogenization characteristics of regional cultivated land quality through spatial autocorrelation analysis, and analyzing the constraints and transformative potential of barrier factors; 3) arrangement of HSBFC according to the principle of concentration, continuity and priority to the easy operation. The results revealed that the value of farmland quality uniformity for the administrative villages in the study area was between 7.76 and 21.96, and there was a difference between various administrative villages. The regional spatial autocorrelation patterns included High-High(HH), Low-Low(LL), High-Low(HL) and Low-High(LH). These indicate that regional cultivated land quality has local homogenization characteristics. The most restrictive factors in the study area were the medium and low transformation difficulty indexes, including soil organic matter content, farmland shelterbelt network density, field regularity and scale of the field. In addition, there were also high transformation difficulty indicators in some areas, such as sectional configuration. The project area was divided into four partitions: major construction area, secondary construction area, general construction area, and conditional construction area. The cultivated land area of each subarea was 1538.85 ha, 1224.27 ha, 555.93 ha, and 1666.63 ha, respectively. This comprised of 30.87%, 24.56%, 11.15% and 33.42% of the total project area, respectively. The evaluation model and index system could satisfy the evaluation of farmland quality and diagnosis of obstacle factors to facilitate the subsequent construction decision. The present study provides reference for the practice of regional HSBFC, and a new feasible idea and method for related studies.     

城市用地遥感监测与动态变化分析——以成都市土地利用为例

本文以成都市为例,应用1996和2002年两期的TM影像资料,对该市6年来的土地利用变化情况及其特点进行了研究,分析出该市各类土地利用数量变化的幅度、速度、区域差异以及土地利用空间变化的主要类型、分布特征和区域方向。结果表明:①从1996年至2002年,成都市土地利用结构变化较大,主要表现为耕地、未利用土地的大量减少和林地(园地)、城镇、居民建设用地的大幅度增加,而水域、草地面积变化不十分明显;②6年间,成都市不同土地利用类型之间的相互转化比较复杂,其主要发生在耕地、林地(园地)、城镇、居民建设用地及未利用土地之间;③成都市各类土地利用变化类型分布呈现出明显的区域差异性。同时,相同土地利用变化类型在不同区域的空间分布状况也存在着较大的差异。     

耕地总量动态平衡探索——以山东省平邑县为例

耕地总量动态平衡是我国目前耕地保护的重要组成部分,它与我国社会经济发展战略密切相关。该文分析了当前耕地总量动态平衡政策内涵及在现实中存在的若干问题,通过对平邑县耕地总量动态平衡实施情况的调研分析,对目前耕地总量和动态平衡的完善和实施政策提出了若干建议。     

莱西市建设“阳光”土地市场的探索

培育规范土地市场是深化土地使用制度改革的一项重要内容。莱西市国土资源局土地储备中心坚持规范与搞活并举,积极培育土地"阳光市场",使土地使用制度更加健全、规范、有序,为促进莱西市经济和社会发展做出了积极的贡献。     

Classification and Gradation of Cultivated Land Quality in Bishan County of Chongqing, China

The conflicts among food security, economic development and ecological protection are the “sticking point” of undeveloped southwestern mountainous areas of China. The objectives of this study are to identify appropriate inte- grated indicators influencing the classification and gradation of cultivated land quality in the southwestern mountainous area of China based on semi-structure interview, and to promote the monitoring of cultivated land quality in this region. Taking Bishan County of Chongqing as a study case, the integrated indicators involve the productivity, protection, ac- ceptability, and stability of cultivated land. The integrated indicators accord with the characteristics of land resources and human preference in southwestern mountainous area of China. In different agricultural zones, we emphasize different indicators, such as emphasizing productivity, stabilization and acceptability in low hilly and plain agricultural integrative zone (LHP-AIZ), protection, productivity and stability in low mountain and hill agro-forestry ecological zone (LMH-AEZ), and acceptability in plain outskirts integrative agricultural zone (PO-IAZ), respectively. The pronounced difference of classification and gradation of cultivated land, regardless of inter-region or intra-region, is observed, with the reducible rank from PO-IAZ, LHP-AIZ to LMH-AEZ. Research results accord with the characteristics of assets management and intensive utilization of cultivated land resources in the southwestern mountainous area of China. Semi-structure interview adequately presents the principal agent of farmers in agricultural land use and rural land market. This method is very effective and feasible to obtain data of the quality of cultivated land in the southwestern mountainous area of China.     

北京市高速公路周边土地利用变化对景观格局的影响

高速公路的快速发展在推动经济发展的同时,也对区域的生态环境产生重要的影响。在地理信息系统的支持下,本研究以北京市高速公路网10 km缓冲区为研究区域,利用缓冲区分析、空间分析、统计分析等方法探讨了高速公路周边土地利用变化对景观格局的影响规律。结果表明：① 北京市高速公路周边的土地利用类型主要以建设用地、耕地、林地为主,土地利用变化以耕地向建设用地转入最为显著;② 空间变化上,各缓冲区内土地利用变化以林地、耕地、建设用地的相互转移为主,随着与高速公路的距离增大,土地利用类型从以耕地、建设用地为主逐渐转变为以林地、耕地为主;③ 2005-2015年,各类景观的景观指数变化差异明显,其中水域的斑块密度与分离度指数变化幅度最大,耕地的形状指数增加最快,建设用地的分离度指数减少最多,这与相应的土地利用变化密切相关;④ 基于土地利用变化,北京市高速公路网对周边景观格局的影响范围约为6 km,其中林地转入建设用地以及建设用地与耕地的相互转移是引起公路周边景观空间变化差异的主要原因。