隔震消能体系结构地震反应的定量控制

本文对采用隔震消能体系的抗震结构的地震反应提出一种定量的控制计算理论和方法。这种理论和方法是在结构动力分析、1/4比例的结构模型振动台试验、大批量的结构消能构件的低周疲劳试验的基础上建立的。作者对隔震消能体系的结构地震反应的理论计算值与试验实测值进行了详细对比。作者并提出一套适用于隔震消能体系的抗震结构地震反应控制设计计算公式,该套计算公式可供工程设计采用。     

基于规范谱的隔震结构非弹性位移设计谱研究

随着基于性能抗震设计理论研究的兴起,位移反应谱的研究逐渐受到重视。对于具有长周期特性的隔震结构,其位移响应相对于加速度响应更加显著,有必要对隔震结构的位移响应进行研究。选取特定震源机制、场地条件、震中距和震级的60条地震记录作为外部激励,利用MATLAB编程并计算得到隔震结构的位移反应谱,通过与规范反应谱进行对比分析,探讨利用现行规范谱来预测隔震结构位移需求时存在的一些问题。考虑隔震支座力学参数、地震动特性等因素对位移反应谱的影响,采用标准化和平均化的方式研究位移反应谱的特征,以Eurocode8规范给出的弹性位移反应谱为基础,通过数值拟合方法建立隔震结构非弹性位移设计谱,用于预测隔震层的最大位移需求,快速确定支座类型,极大简化隔震结构设计流程。     

Ⅳ类场地某医院隔震结构抗震设防参数确定

针对隔震技术在Ⅳ类场地应用抗震设防参数不明确问题,以天津塘沽某医院工程场地抗震设防参数确定为例,在充分考虑了工程场地的地震环境和地质条件的基础上进行土层反应分析,给出了场地相关反应谱,按当前的法律法规标定场地相关反应谱给出了场地设计谱,再以场地设计谱为目标谱拟合给出了地表设计地震动时程(包括人造地震动时程和调整后天然时程),满足了隔震结构抗震设计对抗震设防要求,有利于隔震技术在Ⅳ类场地建筑结构中的应用推广。     

钢阻尼滑板支座体系在常规桥梁中应用探索

目前中小跨径装配式组合梁桥的支座形式多采用普通板式支座,其抗震效果不够理想。为了很好的满足桥梁结构抗震设计要求,同时又具有良好的经济性,本文在已有减隔震体系的基础上,提出一种新型减隔震体系,即钢阻尼滑板支座体系,该体系具有经济性和减隔震性能良好的优点。并对一实际工程的中小跨径桥梁进行了理论验证,结果表明钢阻尼滑板支座体系减隔震效果良好,可以较好的满足桥梁结构抗震设计要求,具有广阔的运用价值。     

基础隔震结构的能量设计方法

本文以能量分析方法为基础,解释了基础隔震结构体系的能量设计原理和设计准则。根据作者建立的标准能量设计反应谱曲线,结合我国现行的抗震设计规范,建立了基础隔震结构体系的能量设计方法,通过能量平衡关系对隔层的变形反应进行预测．最后通过算例说明能量设计方法具有一定的可靠性,为该类体系的进一步推广奠定了基础。     

隔震结构的抗震分析

将结构物简化为多质点体系，考虑隔震支座的水平刚度、垂直刚度和转动刚度，按反应谱方法进行了高层剪力墙结构和砖结构抗震计算，结果表明，隔震结构可以大幅度地降低地震作用。     

考虑耦联影响的二次结构体系减震分析

建立了基础隔震的主次结构体系耦联运动方程,开发了动力分析程序PS—BASE．FOR,对一典型结构的二次结构绝对加速度反应谱与相对位移反应谱计算分析表明,主体结构隔震或同时增大二次结构阻尼,是取得二次结构较好抗震性能的有效途径,增大主体结构的隔震阻尼对二次结构略有不利影响。     

减隔震桥梁设计方法及抗震性能研究综述

桥梁作为交通系统中的生命线工程,其抗震性能问题尤为重要。桥梁减隔震技术主要通过减隔震装置来降低结构的地震损伤,目前已发展成为提高强震区桥梁抗震能力的重要措施。为促进减隔震技术在中国桥梁工程领域的进一步发展,首先总结减隔震桥梁的设计方法,归纳其地震反应和震害情况,对采用不同减隔震装置桥梁的非线性动力性能、减隔震效果、地震随机响应、易损性及性能优化方法等研究情况进行梳理;其次,概述减隔震技术在斜交桥、曲线桥及铁路桥梁中的应用情况与研究进展,并介绍新型韧性抗震设计理念在桥梁工程领域中的应用情况和发展前景;最后,总结减隔震桥梁的试验研究情况,指出目前减隔震桥梁研究中的不足和发展趋势。     

SMA自复位隔震桥梁基于位移的抗震设计方法

本文针对隔震桥梁结构的抗震设计方法展开研究。首先对隔震桥梁结构进行模型简化,得到可用于设计的精简模型,并通过合理的构造设计,得到可实用的SMA隔震层;经过推导得到简化模型的等效延性和刚度;在非线性反应谱的基础上,建立直接基于位移的抗震设计方法;最后通过数值模拟分析对设计方法进行验证,结果显示在设计地震作用下,桥梁的地震反应与预期的设计指标相差很小,说明该位移设计方法具有较好的可靠性。     

高速铁路大跨连续梁桥地震反应分析及抗震校核

针对高速铁路大跨连续梁桥的结构特点,结合三水准的抗震设防目标,给出了各水准下桥梁的抗震验算指标.采用反应谱法及弹塑性时程反应分析法对一实桥进行了地震反应分析及抗震性能评价.结果表明固定墩控制该桥的抗震设计.在多遇地震作用下固定墩处于弹性状态;在罕遇地震作用下固定墩纵向进入塑性,但位移延性系数小于规范容许值,结构具有较高的延性储备.该桥的抗震能力满足三水准抗震设防目标.     

一体式高架结构抗震分析计算模型

共和新路一体式高架是国内首次采用高架地铁与高架道路相结合的综合高架交通工程。目前国内外对这种结构的抗震设计和分析尚缺少成熟经验。共和新路一体式高架动力计算模型的正确建立是地震反应分析的基础和关键。针对共和新路一体式高架结构的抗震特点，模拟轨道以及后继结构的影响，考虑桩土相互作用，桥面铺装、橡胶支座的作用，建立动力计算模型，并对其进行了评价以及动力特性分析。     

Seismic response of light internal equipment in base-isolated structures

The seismic response of light secondary systems in a building is dependent on the response of the primary structural system to the seismic ground motion with the result that very high accelerations can be induced in such secondary systems. This response can be reduced through the use of aseismic base isolation which is a design strategy whereby the entire building can be decoupled from the damaging horizontal components of seismic ground motion by the use of some form of isolation system. The paper presents a theoretical analysis of the response of light equipment in isolated structures and a parallel experimental programme both of which show that the use of base isolation can not only attenuate the response of the primary structural system but also reduce the response of secondary systems. Thus, the design of equipment and piping in a base-isolated building is very much simpler than that for a conventionally founded structure: inelastic response and equipment-structure interaction need not be considered and multiple support response analysis is rendered unnecessary. Although an isolation system with linear elastic bearings can reduce the acceleration of the structure, it may be accompanied by large relative displacements between the structure and the ground. A system using lead-rubber hysteretic bearings, having a force-displacement relation which is approximately a bilinear loop, can reduce these displacements. A parallel experimental programme was carried out to investigate the response of light equipment in structures isolated using lead-rubber bearings. The experimental results show that these bearings can dissipate energy and limit the displacement and acceleration of the structure but are less effective in reducing the accelerations in the internal equipment. The results of both the analysis and the tests show that base isolation is a very effective method for the seismic protection of light equipment items in buildings.     

预制钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构抗震性能研究进展（Ⅱ）：结构性能研究

阐述了预制钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构抗震性能研究的重要性和预制钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构抗震性能研究的最新进展。综述了国内外预制钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构设计规范以及设计方法的研究进展。指出常规预制装配式钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构的抗震性能较差,在地震作用下,主要靠结构构件连接处的损伤和结构构件损坏来消耗能量;无粘结后张拉预应力预制混凝土剪力墙结构,在地震作用下具有自恢复中心能力和良好的抗震能力,但该结构体系的耗能能力不足。认为在预制钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构中设置耗能减震元件,或将预制钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构设计成隔震结构,将有效提高预制钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构的抗震性能。该类预制装配式剪力墙结构的抗震性能有待于进一步研究。     

高墩大跨度铁路简支钢桁梁桥的减震性能分析

采用时程分析方法,研究了具有减隔震支座的铁路高墩大跨度简支钢桁梁桥的减震性能,探讨减隔震技术在高墩桥梁中的适用性.通过数值分析研究了采用铅芯橡胶支座、盆式橡胶支座和双曲面支座时的减震效果.计算结果表明,在铁路高墩大跨度简支钢桁梁桥上使用减隔震支座具有一定的减震效果.     

设置限位器双向隔震铁路桥梁车桥耦合动力响应研究

对铅芯橡胶双向隔震铁路桥梁在列车荷载作用下的力学性能进行了研究,针对双向隔震铁路桥梁中存在的问题,提出了设置限位器的解决方案,并对设置限位器的双向隔震铁路桥梁进行了车桥耦合动力响应分析。研究结果表明,采用常规隔震设计方法的铅芯橡胶支座在横桥向的初始刚度和屈服强度均不能满足规范要求,设置限位器后,双向隔震铁路桥梁的力学性能有了很大的改善,各项指标均满足列车运行安全性和平稳性要求。     

Local site effects on a high-pier railway bridge under tridirectional spatial excitations: Nonstationary stochastic analysis

This paper presents a theoretical nonstationary stochastic analysis scheme using pseudo-excitation method (PEM) for seismic analysis of long-span structures under tridirectional spatially varying ground motions, based on which the local site effects on structural seismic response are studied for a high-pier railway bridge. An absolute-response-oriented scheme of PEM in nonstationary stochastic analysis of structure under tridirectional spatial seismic motions, in conjunction with the derived mathematical scheme in modeling tridirectional nonstationary spatially correlated ground motions, is proposed to resolve the drawbacks of conventional indirect approach. To apply the proposed theoretical approach readily in stochastic seismic analysis of complex and significant structures, this scheme is implemented and verified in a general finite element platform, and is then applied to a high-pier railway bridge under spatially varying ground motions considering the local site effect and the effect of ground motion nonstationarity. Conclusions are drawn and can be applied in the actual seismic design and analysis of high-pier railway bridges under tridirectional nonstationary multiple excitations.     

Pushover analysis of base-isolated steel–concrete composite structures under near-fault excitations

In the present study, the seismic behavior of steel–concrete composite structures isolated by base-isolation devices under near-fault earthquake excitations is numerically investigated. The seismic analysis is performed by means of the static non-linear (pushover) analysis procedure conducted on two five-storey three-dimensional (3-D) buildings with steel columns and steel–concrete composite slabs and beams. The present 3-D building examples are assumed to be located at a near-fault area in order to take into account the effect of strong ground motion on the isolation devices. The results of this study allowed the verification of the adequacy of the attachment isolation system as well as the comparison of the behavior of the seismic-protected building with or without bracings to the unprotected buildings with or without bracings, showing the benefits of the application of the isolation devices, the limitations and the characteristics of their performance.     

近场地震作用下不规则层间隔震结构的动力响应分析

层间隔震结构作为一种新型的隔震形式,不仅可以降低上部结构的动力响应,还可以弥补基础隔震结构的不足.现有研究多集中在远场地震作用下的规则层间隔震结构.本文利用通用结构分析与设计软件SAP2000分别模拟了一幢8层带裙房钢筋混凝土框架层间隔震结构、基础隔震结构和抗震结构,分析并对比了三种结构在近场地震作用下动力响应特征.结果表明在近场条件下三种结构顶层均出现不同程度的鞭梢效应;相比抗震结构两种隔震结构具有很好的减震效果,而且基础隔震结构的减震效果好于层间隔震结构;由于结构刚度突变的部位剪力较大,所以应对其裙楼顶部予以加强.     

铁路工程抗震设计规范中桥梁抗震 相关规定与发展沿革

生命线基础设施抗震安全对我国防震减灾与抗震救灾工作具有重要意义,铁路桥梁更是关乎人员转移与物质运输的安全与稳定。基于地震区铁路桥梁震害资料分析和震害调查研究,结合我国铁路桥梁抗震设计工作的经验、教训及相关科研成果,我国陆续出版了3本《铁路工程抗震设计规范》。文章回顾我国铁路桥梁抗震设计规范60年的发展历程,对我国开展铁路桥梁抗震设计工作的历史时期进行划分;通过对比和总结1977、1987、2009年颁布的《铁路工程抗震设计规范》中的铁路桥梁部分,发现该系列规范的发展逐步体现了基于性能的设计理念,场地分类更加精细,地震作用考虑更为科学,且对于铁路桥梁的抗震构造措施有了更加明确的规定。研究可为改进和完善地震区铁路桥梁震害预测方法提供参考依据。     

Numerical investigation on seismic performance of a shallow buried underground structure with isolation devices

A design procedure for improving the seismic performance of unequal-span underground structures by installing isolation devices at the top end of columns is proposed based on the seismic failure mode of frame-type underground structures and the design concept of critical support columns. A two-dimensional finite element model (FEM) for a soil-underground structure with an unequal-span interaction system was established to shed light on the effects of a complex subway station with elastic sliding bearings (ESB) and lead rubber bearings (LRB) on seismic mitigation. It was found that the stiffness and internal force distribution of the underground structure changed remarkably with the installation of isolation devices at the top end of the columns. The constraints of the beam-column joints were significantly weakened, resulting in a decrease in the overall lateral stiffness and an increase in the structural lateral displacement. The introduction of the isolation device effectively reduces the internal force and seismic damage of the frame column; however, the tensile damage to the isolation structure, such as the roof, bottom plate, and sidewall, significantly increased compared to those of the non-isolation structure. Although the relative slip of the ESB remains within a controllable range under strong earthquake excitation as well as frame columns with stable vertical support and self-restoration functions, the LRB shows a better performance during seismic failure and better lateral displacement response of the unequal-span underground structure. The analysis results provide new ideas and references for promoting the application of seismic isolation technology in underground structures.