基于修正Park-Ang模型的SCS剪力墙损伤指数研究

为研究双钢板混凝土组合剪力墙(Steel-concrete-steel composite shear walls, SCS)剪力墙在地震作用下的损伤演化规律,基于Park-Ang损伤模型提出修正后的SCS剪力墙双参数损伤模型,并采用OpenSees有限元软件对72个依照现行规范设计的SCS剪力墙试件进行分析,研究轴压比、剪跨比、暗柱配钢率、墙身配钢率对SCS剪力墙的极限位移、屈服位移、屈服剪力、累积滞回耗能等指标的影响,得到了适用于双钢板混凝土剪力墙基于变形和耗能双重准则的损伤模型。以对数正态分布作为分布密度函数来对双钢板混凝土剪力墙构件各损伤状态的累积概率密度进行拟合,得到了SCS剪力墙不同损伤程度对应的损伤指数范围。     

双钢板混凝土组合剪力墙抗震性能试验及数值模拟

为了满足装配式建筑发展的需要,本文提出一种设置L型拉结件的新型双钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙。设计并制作了6片L型拉结件双钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙试件,对其进行了低周往复荷载作用下的拟静力试验。对试件的破坏现象、滞回性能、承载能力和延性进行了分析。试验结果表明:L型拉结件既可以有效地抑制两侧钢面板的局部屈曲,也可以增强对内填混凝土的约束作用,该新型组合剪力墙具有较高的承载力和一定的延性。基于开源软件OpenSees,建立了L型拉结件双钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙的纤维-分层壳模型,通过将其与传统的纤维模型和试验结果进行对比,验证了该模型的正确性,可为多腔体组合结构的数值模拟提供参考。     

钢-混凝土叠合梁自锚式悬索桥动力特性测试分析

针对钢-混凝土叠合梁自锚式悬索桥的结构特点,在总结以往大跨径桥梁有限元模型的基础上,采用组合有限元法以梁、板、杆、索单元建立邵阳市桂花大桥三维有限元模型,计算分析获得结构的主要频率和振型。通过现场测试获得大桥环境激励和行车激励作用下的响应时程,分析得到结构的主要频率、振型和阻尼比,引入模态置信因子对计算模态信息和实测模态信息进行比较分析,以验证数值模型和实测结果的准确性。研究结果可为全面了解钢-混凝土叠合梁自锚式悬索桥的动力特性、准确预测结构的动力响应以及类似桥梁的抗震、抗风设计提供重要依据。     

预应力组合网架结构的自振特性分析及现场测试

本文采用子空间迭代法计算了预应力组合网架的自振频率与振型,分析总结了结构的自振特性及其影响因素,诸如索预应力、跨高比、边界条件、板和梁肋偏心、附加质量以及节点刚度的影响,并回归得出预应力组合网架基本周期简化计算公式。同时使用“脉动法”对天津一中新建活动中心楼层预应力组合网架进行了现场动力测试,结果表明预应力组合网架动力计算所采用的计算模型合理、计算分析结果可信,最后使用自由振动法及半功率点法得出了预应力组合网架结构的阻尼比,此值可作为钢与混凝土预应力组合网架结构的参考阻尼比。     

叠合柱边框内藏钢板-钢撑核心筒抗震性能试验研究

提出了钢管混凝土叠合柱边框内藏钢板-钢撑混凝土组合核心筒,为了解该新型多重组合核心筒的抗震性能和破坏机理,文中进行了1个1/6缩尺的钢管混凝土叠合柱边框内藏钢板-钢撑带洞口混凝土组合核心筒的低周反复荷载试验研究.在试验研究基础上,分析了该多重组合核心筒的承载力、滞回特性、延性、刚度衰减和破坏形态.研究结果表明:钢管混凝土叠合柱边框内藏钢板-钢撑带洞口混凝土组合核心筒的抗震性能良好.     

基于ADINA的改进焊接箍筋混凝土-钢板组合连梁抗震性能研究

利用有限元软件ADINA建立了改进焊接箍筋钢板-混凝土组合连梁数值计算模型,分别对嵌有8mm、10mm和12mm厚度钢板的钢筋混凝土-钢板组合连梁的抗震性能进行计算分析。结果表明:3种钢板厚度对连梁混凝土的破坏过程和范围影响不大。而钢板本身的损伤较小,表明具有进一步承载和变形的能力;计算得出的滞回曲线形状饱满,试件有较好的延性与耗能能力。墙肢部分的箍筋轴向应变值处于较低的水平,能保证对边缘构件中受力纵筋的约束作用。     

组合深梁填充钢框架的恢复力模型

为实现结构刚度可在一定范围内渐变,同时充分发挥组合钢板的性能,介绍一种新型高层抗震加固结构体系—组合深梁。通过在水平低周反复荷载下,2个组合深梁填充钢框架结构模型试验,得到内填组合深梁钢框架结构的滞回曲线。试验过程中,混凝土板限制了钢板失稳变形,钢板塑性得以发展;组合深梁最后耗能破坏,随后钢框架发生破坏。试验结果显示:组合深梁主要由钢板部分来承担水平剪力和弯矩,混凝土板并不承担水平荷载;试件的滞回曲线饱满且骨架曲线有明显的塑性流动阶段,试件的延性和耗能能力较好,证明内填组合深梁钢框架结构抗震性能良好。最后,利用得到的试验数据进行回归分析,建立该结构恢复力模型,可用于组合深梁结构的弹塑性反应分析。     

多腔钢-混凝土组合壁式柱弱轴方向抗震性能试验研究

用于异形柱框架结构的各种截面型式的多腔钢-混凝土组合柱具有良好的使用功能和可装配建造性能,与异形柱面外有侧肢不同,保证矩形截面壁式柱弱轴方向的抗震性能更为重要。为了探究多腔钢-混凝土组合壁式柱弱轴方向的抗震性能与受力机制,运用低周往复荷载试验与有限元分析相结合的方法开展研究。结果表明：压弯荷载作用下,多腔钢-混凝土组合壁式柱弱轴方向的滞回曲线饱满,其全过程受力可划分为稳定承载、转化过渡和峰后二阶效应显现三个阶段,试件对应的两个特征分界点的层间位移角分别为1/57和1/27;试件屈服点和失效破坏点对应的层间位移角分别为1/85和1/23,均大于规范限值,延性系数为3.73;两端钢管、中间钢板和腔内混凝土可协同受力,混凝土未见明显压碎和开裂,钢管和钢板未见明显损伤;所得有限元模拟结果与试验结果吻合度高,骨架曲线平均相对误差为4.6%。上述成果深化了对多腔钢-混凝土组合壁式柱弱轴方向抗震性能的认知,为工程应用提供了参考。     

带竖向隔板的屈曲约束钢板剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

提出了一种带竖向隔板的屈曲约束钢板剪力墙,通过角钢加劲肋的设置在内嵌钢板与外围约束混凝土板之间形成间隙,并在内嵌钢板中部设置竖向隔板。采用1/3缩尺模型,对该新型钢板剪力墙在低周反复荷载作用下的破坏形态、滞回特性、骨架曲线、延性性能、等效刚度、承载力退化及耗能能力等性能进行研究。利用ABAQUS对试件进行了有限元模拟,并与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明,由于该新型钢板剪力墙设置竖向隔板,避免了内嵌钢板的整体屈曲,延缓了混凝土板的破坏,改善了剪力墙的受力性能,是一种性能优越的新型钢板剪力墙。     

钢—混凝土组合连续刚构桥墩梁连接节点抗震性能比较研究

钢-混凝土组合连续刚构桥的关键在于墩梁连接节点,设计了双层钢箱混凝土、钢筋混凝土和钢管混凝土等3种不同类型墩柱的连接节点构造形式。基于OpenSees平台建立了墩柱截面纤维有限元模型,并利用双层钢箱混凝土墩柱拟静力试验结果验证了数值模型的有效性,进而基于纤维有限元模型对3种不同类型墩柱节点进行了非线性滞回性能计算分析。结果表明:纤维模型能够模拟拟静力作用下组合连续刚构桥墩梁连接的滞回性能,双层钢箱混凝土墩柱与钢箱-混凝土组合梁连接节点的整体抗震性能要优于钢筋混凝土墩柱和实心钢管混凝土墩柱与钢箱-混凝土组合梁的连接节点,建议的刚性节点构造合理和传力路径明确,可为钢-混凝土组合连续刚构桥设计提供参考。     

冲击载荷下锚杆-围岩结构冲击失效机制的数值分析

针对冲击地压造成大量锚杆支护结构破坏问题,采用动力数值计算方法,研究冲击载荷作用下锚杆-围岩的动力耦合作用与破坏机制。结果表明:(1)冲击载荷作用下锚杆与围岩振动存在明显的"时差效应",导致锚杆与围岩非同步振动,致使锚固剂承受动态剪切作用。随着锚固长度的增加锚杆与围岩的振动呈同步趋势,削弱了振动"时差效应"引起的锚固剂剪切作用,有效避免锚杆的脱粘滑移失效;(2)随着冲击速度的增大,"时差效应"导致锚杆锚固剂承受动态剪切作用被覆盖,锚杆的破坏失效模式由脱粘或杆体屈服断裂转变为锚杆与围岩统一破坏模式;(3)当冲击载荷频率接近锚固围岩体固有频率时,冲击载荷引起锚杆与围岩共振,锚杆与围岩同步振动速度幅值显著增大,可在相对较低的冲击速度下造成锚杆与围岩整体失效。远离锚固围岩体的固有频率对锚杆-围岩动力相互作用影响较小。     

Theoretical basis and numerical simulation of parallel seismic test for existing piles using flexural wave

This paper presents theoretical analysis of the parallel seismic (PS) method for evaluating existing piles using the flexural mode wave exited by a horizontal impact on the lateral surface of a pile. A simplified theoretical model of the flexural wave for PS method was established to elaborate the theoretical basis. A correction factor was then obtained and proposed to correct the pile depth obtained from the PS method, thus providing a more accurate estimation. A three dimension (3-D) finite element (FE) model was developed and the existence of the flexural waves on branch F(1, 1) in the pile shaft has been verified. Two time domain methods were used to calculate the flexural wave velocity in the pile. One was based on the pile tip reflection signal using a model where pile head reflection was minimized, and another method used the slope of the upper fitted line in the PS test. The flexural wave velocities from both methods match well with the predicted flexural wave group velocity determined from the dispersion curve of a 1-D rod embedded in the soil. The accuracy in estimation of pile tip depth is improved by applying the correction factor. A series of parametric studies were carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of using flexural wave for PS test and the correction factor proposed in this study.     

声波测井中的纵波和横波

充流体井中声传播理论是声波测井的理论基础。Blot（1952）绘出了充流体井中简正模式和斯通利波的频散曲线,White等（1968）首先计算了合成全波列波形,Peterson（1974）和余寿绵（1984）导出了简正模式和斯通利波的振幅表达式。余寿绵还预言纵波和横波是一种共振现象,为沿轴向传播存在特征频率的不衰减波。但是,现行理论认为纵     

An elastic-wave-based full-wavefield imaging method for investigating defects in a high-speed railway under-track structure

In geotechnical engineering, defect detection for concrete structure can be simplified as a multi-layered media problem in most cases. The types of defects are mainly identified as cracks inside the concrete, interlaminar peeling, and loose bedding voids. The study of the wave propagation phenomenon in multi-scale layered media and the effects on defects merits investigation. The present research focuses first on the analysis of this phenomenon using numerical methods. The wave propagation characteristics of the multi-layered model with defects are assessed with dynamic FEM analyses under three-dimensional conditions. The analysis is obtained in the time domain and allows the consideration of multiple wave reflections between layers. Based on this analysis, a full-wavefield imaging detection method is developed and then applied to reveal the defects in the under-track structure of a high-speed railway. This testing system integrates the point-source/point-receiver scheme with the multi-directional imaging technique to achieve an effect analogous to that achieved with scanning. It is equipped with an impacting hammer, a series of three-component velocity transducers and a signal capturing unit. To evaluate the feasibility of this system for detecting defects in the under-track structure of the high-speed railway, a full-scaled high-speed railway model test with pre-setting defection is conducted. The data are analyzed according to characteristics of waveform and wave energy. The average amplitude is used to evaluate the defect area. It is concluded that the full-wavefield imaging detection method exhibits high potential for inspecting the defects of the under-track structure of high-speed railways by imaging.     

Acoustic full waveform inversion of synthetic land and marine data in the Laplace domain

Elastic waves, such as Rayleigh and mode‐converted waves, together with amplitude versus offset variations, serve as noise in full waveform inversion using the acoustic approximation. Heavy preprocessing must be applied to remove elastic effects to invert land or marine data using the acoustic inversion method in the time or frequency domains. Full waveform inversion using the elastic wave equation should be one alternative; however, multi‐parameter inversion is expensive and sensitive to the starting velocity model. We implement full acoustic waveform inversion of synthetic land and marine data in the Laplace domain with minimum preprocessing (i.e., muting) to remove elastic effects. The damping in the Laplace transform can be thought of as an automatic time windowing. Numerical examples show that Laplace‐domain acoustic inversion can yield correct smooth velocity models even with the noise originating from elastic waves. This offers the opportunity to develop an accurate smooth starting model for subsequent inversion in the frequency domain.     

Seismic design and testing of buckling‐restrained braces with a thin profile

A thin‐profile buckling‐restrained brace (thin‐BRB) consists of a rectangular steel casing and a flat steel core that is parallel to a gusset plate. A thin configuration reduces the width of the restraining member and thus saves usable space in buildings. However, deformable debonding layers, which cover the steel core plate in order to mitigate the difference between the peak tensile and compressive axial forces, provide a space for the steel core to form high mode buckling waves when the thin‐BRB is under compression. The wave crests squeeze the debonding layers and produce outward forces on the inner surface of the restraining member. If the restraining member is too weak in sustaining the outward forces, local bulging failure occurs and the thin‐BRB loses its compression capacity immediately. In order to investigate local bulging behavior, a total of 22 thin‐BRB specimens with a ratio of steel core plate to restraining steel tube depth ranging from 0.3 to 0.7 and axial yield force capacities ranging from 421 kN to 3036 kN were tested by applying either cyclically increasing, decreasing, or constant axial strains. The restraining steel tube widths of all the specimens were smaller than 200 mm and were infilled with mortar with a compressive strength of 97 MPa or 55 MPa. Thirteen of the 22 thin‐BRB specimens' restraining members bulged out when the compressive core strains exceeded 0.03. A seismic design method of the thin‐BRB in preventing local bulging failure is proposed in this study. Test and finite element model (FEM) analysis results suggest that the outward forces can be estimated according to the BRB compressive strength, steel core high mode buckling wavelength, and the debonding layer thickness. In addition, the capacity of the restraining member in resisting the outward forces can be estimated by using the upper bound theory in plastic analysis. Both the FEM analysis and test results indicate that the proposed method is effective in predicting the possibility of local bulging failure. Test results indicate that the proposed design method is conservative for thin‐BRB specimens with a large steel core plate to restraining steel tube depth ratio. This paper concludes with design recommendations for thin‐BRBs for severe seismic services. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

空沟、碎石填充沟和排桩隔振效果试验研究

高速铁路、地铁、轻轨等轨道交通迅速发展深入城市内部人群密集地区,对环境产生的振动影响不容忽视。空沟、碎石填充沟和排桩是三种常用的轨道交通隔振措施。通过大比例尺试验,采用加速度作为振动的评价指标,分别研究空沟、碎石填充沟和排桩的隔振效果。各组试验除隔振措施外其他条件均完全相同,使不同隔振措施的隔振效果具有较强的可比性,通过比较三种隔振措施与无隔振措施下影响区的加速度衰减率,评价其隔振效果,同时通过三种隔振措施下距离振源不同位置处的加速度比较其隔振效果。研究成果可为轨道交通隔振措施及方案的选取提供依据。     

轨道交通荷载下桩板结构主动隔振效果研究

为了研究在轨道交通荷载作用下桩板结构主动隔振措施的隔振效果,通过无限元边界与有限元边界相结合的有限元分析方法在路基中建立桩板结构模型,并在沙土地基中设置混凝土桩板结构进行模型试验,通过模型试验对有限元数值模拟结果加以验证,将桩长、埋深及置换率3个因素考虑在内,研究其对隔振效果的影响。结果表明:模型试验验证有限元计算方法的可靠性;随桩长增加振幅降低比减小,隔振效果明显,随着振源距离增加其振幅降低比减小明显;埋深为桩板结构主动隔振措施中的主要影响因素,随着埋深增加振幅降低比明显减小,隔振效果越明显;有限元计算过程中置换率对隔振效果的影响不明显,但是在模型试验中置换率对隔振效果影响较显著。     

随机地震动作用下的结构振动控制试验设计

研究了随机地震动作用下基于MR阻尼器的结构振动控制振动台试验设计的若干问题。首先,由原型结构按动力相似关系进行了模型结构的设计,基于ANSYS模态分析的结果识别出了其结构参数;其次,基于物理随机地震动模型生成了试验地震动样本,根据试验要求调整了各地震动样本的加速度峰值;然后,基于MATLAB对试验模型进行了随机地震动作用下无控与主动控制数值仿真分析;最后,结合ANSYS弹塑性动力时程分析,研究了试验模型的动力稳定性。介绍的振动控制试验设计方法可供进行类似试验设计的研究人员参考。     

多极子阵列声波测井数据的纵横波慢度联合反演方法

多极子阵列声波测井仪器采集的单极和偶极数据受到地层、井孔、仪器测量系统的影响.在处理实际声波测井数据时,必须考虑多极子模式波的频散效应,以及测井仪器在其中的影响.根据仪器等效理论和相位匹配方法,本文提出了一种从多极子阵列声波测井数据中同时获得纵、横波慢度的联合反演方法.这种方法的关键在于利用相同仪器-地层模型计算多极子模式波频散曲线,以此来匹配频域内纵波与横波数据的相位.相对于将泄漏纵波和弯曲波频散效应分开处理的其他方法,该方法不仅可以减少纵横波速度反演的不确定性,而且还避免了从声波数据中提取频散数据的繁琐过程.通过理论分析和现场数据处理证明了本文联合反演方法的准确性和有效性.