中国北方石炭-二叠纪高岭石粘土岩的岩石矿物特征

高岭石粘土岩是以高岭石及其多型变种为主要成分的一种岩石。它在欧洲很多地区的石炭纪煤系中广泛分布,形成一种分布广、层位稳定的块状粘土岩层,通常称为“Tonstein”(Blatt,1972)。在我国北方和南方一些省区,不同时代煤系地层中都有高岭石粘土岩出露(Yiping Zhon,1982;夏琤等,1983),尤其是北方诸省产于石炭-二叠纪煤系地层中的高     

贵州西部中、上二叠统界线附近风化壳类型及成矿作用

贵州西部中、上二叠统界线附近普遍存在不整合面,在不整合面上往往发育厚度不等的风化壳。风化壳主要可归纳为三种类型:茅口组顶部的喀斯特漏斗、洼地中堆积的红粘土风化壳,锰质(铁质)风化壳,峨眉山玄武岩喷发间断面上或玄武岩顶部与龙潭组(宣威组)之间的的高铝高岭石风化壳。喀斯特侵蚀面上的红土风化壳是红土型金矿的赋存层位,峨眉山玄武岩喷发间断面上的高铝高岭石风化壳是铜矿、铝土矿赋存层位,喀斯特侵蚀面上的锰质(铁质)风化壳是锰矿、铁矿赋存层位,而玄武岩顶部与龙潭组(宣威组)之间的高岭石粘土风化壳是稀土、硫铁矿、铝土矿赋存层位。中、上二叠统界线附近风化壳对金、铜、铝土、硫铁、锰和稀土有明显的控制作用。     

两淮煤田山西组顶部高岭石泥岩特征及其成因

两淮煤田山西组顶部分布有一层Ｋ２高岭石粘土岩，该岩层层位稳定、分布广、质地纯，矿物成分基本为高岭石。化学全分析及微量元素测定表明：岩石中ＳｉＯ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３比值一般在１．１７～１．７之间，其中碱金属，碱土金属及硼含量都较本区其它层位泥岩含量低。作者认为：Ｋ２粘土岩除受沉积环境控制之外，其成岩时期的构造、气候条件及地下水介质条件，对其形成起着决定性作用。研究表明：Ｋ２粘土岩形成于地形平坦，气候温暖潮湿的上三角洲及下冲积平原之中，在地壳稳定条件下，沉积粘土受到长期风化淋漓而形成。     

河北省邯邢地区高岭石伊利石粘土矿床特征及找矿方向

邯邢地区高岭石、伊利石粘土矿赋存于石炭系本溪组、太原组,二叠系山西组、下石盒子组、上石盒子组的7个层位.矿体主要呈层状产出,厚度变化较大.矿石主要由片状高岭石组成,次要和少量矿物为绢云母、石英、黑云母等.矿床成因包括沉积矿床(如石炭-二叠系高岭石伊利石粘土矿)、风化残积矿床(如软质高岭石粘土矿床).该地区可划分出临城竹...     

山西小峪煤矿2号,3号煤层粘土岩夹矸的研究

小峪煤矿2号、3号煤层位于太原组顶部，含高岭石粘土岩夹歼10余层，可划分为隐晶高岭石、椭球颗粒高岭石、塑变颗粒高岭石、晶粒高岭石、晶斑及似斑状高岭石和一水软铝石高岭石粘土岩等6种岩石类型。主要由高岭石组成，含不等量的一水软铝石、石英晶屑及少量的金红石、锆石等矿物。测试分析结果表明，俗称“大同砂石”的第19层高岭石粘土岩夹矸，是质纯、高铝、低硅、低铁、低钛的优质高岭石粘土矿层，可作为精铸莫来石砂粉和合成莫来石的原料，其超细煅烧高岭土广泛用作塑料、橡胶、造纸工业的优质填料和涂料。关键词##4煤层;;粘土岩夹矸;;矿物岩石学特征     

铜川王石凹黑色高岭石粘土岩的成因分析

黑色高岭石粘土岩，是铜川王石凹煤矿石炭纪煤系地层顶部，五号煤层的上部一层稳定的煤矸石，经偏光显微镜及费氏台测试光性特性，化学试验及分析鉴定表明，这是一种由高岭石组成的，成分很纯，颗粒大，结晶良好的高岭石粘土岩，据微量元素含量分析，此高岭石系淡水沉积物。     

“黑砂石”—粗晶高岭石的成因

在我国,由粗粒高岭石等组成的硬质耐火粘土矿床,根据所含有机质(黑色)及晶粒组合的不同可以分为两种类型: 1.粗晶高岭石硬质粘土。常含少量有机质,外观呈黑色,俗称“黑砂石”。有的采矿工人称为“砂锅石”。(这有如W.D.Keller所说的采矿工人称高岭石硬质粘土(粒细)为燧石粘土(flint Clay)一样)。其产出一般与煤系地层有关,在国外早有报导,但一般无工业价值。而在我国的不少地区“黑砂石”具有工业价值。它越来越受到有关方面的重视和利用。五十年代笔者曾从沉积岩石学角度强调其研究的重要性与工业价值。还认为其成因可能为胶体或机械搬运碎屑高岭石粘土的沼泽沉积,在石     

铝土矿粘土研究的回顾(续)

我国球粘土应成为独立矿种,湖沼球粘土中含“内胶体”的自生高岭石是生物有机质作用造成,水云母、I-M间层粘土矿物及有机质会增加可塑性、粘结性及干燥强度,钾、钠的增加可降低烧结温度。沉积球粘土与残积成因高岭石为无序或较无序,古生代煤系高岭石为有序和高度有序,岩浆热液成因的高岭石常为有序或高度有序;北方古生代软质粘土（紫矸）为规模较大、较为均匀稳定的高度有序高岭石,应积极开发。硬水铝石岩溶铝土矿应属于生物有机质成矿作用的沉积型铝土矿。     

淮南下石盒子组球粒状高岭岩结构及成因探讨

淮南下石盒子组球粒状高岭岩形成于三角洲平原上的湖泊环境。球粒是有机质与高岭石组成的复合集合体,可划分出6种结构类型。矿床中高岭石矿物主要有两种来源,一种是由陆源粘土搬运再沉积而成;另一种是由硅铝胶体沉淀并经重结晶作用而来。有机质对高岭石及球粒集合体的形成起重要作用。     

阿刀亥矿区CP2煤段粘土岩夹矸研究

内蒙大青山煤田ＣＰ２煤段含粘土岩夹矸多达４０余层。与上覆ＣＰ３砾岩段冲刷接触的煤段顶板和顶部粘土岩夹矸，为伊利石或伊利石－高岭石粘土岩。其下煤段中夹矸及底板为高岭石粘土岩，均发生了不同程度的铵云母化和一水硬铝石化。鳞片状、纤维状、条片状及晶粒假象铵云母沿粘土岩夹矸的节理裂隙呈脉状产出；微、细晶一水硬铝石沿碳质碎屑条带及富有机质的高岭石基质条带分布。这些特征表明，在有Ｋ＾＋离子带入的开放条件下，粘土     

CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用

可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。     

Recent advances in aquaculture in Japan

Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry.     

花岗岩地区地下水水文地质特征分析

通过对泰安市岱岳区花岗岩地区地下水的形成条件、地下水类型、分布状况、水文地质特征以及地下水补给、径流、排泄条件的分析,指出了花岗岩地区供水方向。     

Geography in general education in Nigeria

This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics, students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students. The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs.     

Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal

Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates. In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005. The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and natural systems.     

2010年的美国铀矿业

2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。     

地下水环境中的硫代砷研究进展

硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。     

MapSUV系统在惠民县土地勘测定界中的应用

该文介绍了土地勘测定界的专业背景知识及MapSUV的相关信息,阐述了MapSUV系统在惠民县土地勘测定界的应用,以及外业获取数据及内业处理的主要工作方法,最后对该系统在土地勘测定界中的应用前景进行了展望。     

环境地球化学研究近十年若干新进展

环境地球化学学科在中国生态文明和美丽中国建设、国际环境公约履约及过去全球变化研究中发挥着越来越大的作用.本文简要回顾了中国过去十年在环境地球化学领域的部分研究进展,介绍了汞、持久性有机污染物和其他重金属污染物长距离传输研究进展;总结了汞、镉、锑、铊等非传统稳定同位素在地表生物地球化学循环过程中的同位素分馏规律及污染来源...