川西新元古代苏雄组层型剖面SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

对采自川西新元古代苏雄组层型剖面中上部的英安岩进行SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年,获得了两组谐和年龄值:838±9 Ma(n=9,MSWD=0.80)和780±12Ma(n=5,MSWD=1.2)。其中780±12 Ma解释为苏雄组英安岩的喷发时限,代表康滇裂谷盆地强烈扩张时期的构造岩浆热事件;而838±9 Ma则可能代表康滇裂谷盆地开启前的构造岩浆热事件。综合研究认为,苏雄组位于康滇裂谷半地堑盆地的调节带,为华南新元古代幕式岩浆活动的产物;火山活动和沉积记录均表明,扬子周缘发育与地幔柱相关的裂谷盆地系统,且华南可能是Rodinia超大陆裂解的重要组成单元。     

浙江中生代酸性火山岩柱状节理构造的发现及其地质意义

柱状节理构造历来被众多学者认为只能发育在粘度小、流动性大的基性熔岩中。近年来,在浙江多处中生代酸性火山岩中,发现了十分典型、甚具规模的柱状节理构造。本文从岩石化学角度,对浙江四例酸性火山岩柱状节理构造与浙、苏二省四例玄武岩柱状节理构造做了比较研究。浙江含良好柱状节理构造的酸性火山岩的平均粘度是基性熔岩平均粘度的１０４倍,酸性火山岩的最大粘度甚至可达基性熔岩粘度的１０６倍。如此巨大的酸、基性火山岩粘度比率表明,传统冷却收缩说关于柱状节理构造只能发育在基性熔岩中,因而岩浆粘度是制约柱状节理构造发育与否的主要因素的观点应予修正。最后,本文还讨论了关于柱状节理形成机制的流体动力学观点。     

扬子西缘小相岭地区苏雄组古火山机构的发现及意义

通过详细的野外地质调查,发现扬子西缘小相岭地区苏雄组火山岩由巨厚的酸性-中酸性熔岩、火山碎屑岩和少量基性熔岩组成,在小相岭山脊两侧首次厘定4处古火山机构.其中,阳糯雪山古火山机构最壮观,是由火山颈相、溢流相、爆发相和火山沉积相构成的完整古火山机构.通过系统的地质剖面研究,发现该古火山机构存在2次喷发亚旋回和15个火山韵律,2次喷发亚旋回之间出现了1次明显的火山间歇期.小相岭地区古火山机构的发现,进一步厘定了苏雄组火山岩的喷发方式和构建特征,对进一步研究苏雄组酸性火山碎屑岩的起源及新元古代陆内裂谷作用具有重要意义.     

扬子西缘小相岭地区苏雄组古火山机构的发现及意义

通过详细的野外地质调查,发现扬子西缘小相岭地区苏雄组火山岩由巨厚的酸性-中酸性熔岩、火山碎屑岩和少量基性熔岩组成,在小相岭山脊两侧首次厘定4处古火山机构。其中,阳糯雪山古火山机构最壮观,是由火山颈相、溢流相、爆发相和火山沉积相构成的完整古火山机构。通过系统的地质剖面研究,发现该古火山机构存在2次喷发亚旋回和15个火山韵律,2次喷发亚旋回之间出现了1次明显的火山间歇期。小相岭地区古火山机构的发现,进一步厘定了苏雄组火山岩的喷发方式和构建特征,对进一步研究苏雄组酸性火山碎屑岩的起源及新元古代陆内裂谷作用具有重要意义。     

松辽盆地东南隆起区营城组柱状节理流纹岩特征和成因

松辽盆地东南隆起区下白垩统营城组出露柱状节理流纹岩。柱状节理属于原生构造节理,岩相为火山通道相次火山岩亚相-侵出相,柱体排列方式为近水平式、倾斜式、近直立式,截面为不规则的四方柱、五方柱、六方柱,柱体规模属于中小型,流纹岩中常发育隐爆角砾结构。通过对柱状节理流纹岩成分及结构构造的研究,表明本区的流纹岩柱体直径与其对应的显微组构斑晶大小成正比例相关。柱状节理的成因是熔岩冷却收缩形成的,由于受到种种内外因素制约,形成的柱状节理形态各异。     

华南扬子陆块西缘新元古代康滇裂谷盆地开启时间新证据

苏雄组为华南扬子陆块西缘新元古代康滇裂谷盆地开启初期的火山喷发产物,其形成时限可为制约裂谷盆地开启时间提供新证据。本文对川西汉源九襄地区新元古代苏雄组流纹岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测定。结果显示,测试样品锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为853 ±2 Ma（N=13;MSWD=3.1）,加权平均年龄为853 ±4 Ma（N=13;MSWD=2.2）。新的年龄数据表明,苏雄组的底界年龄应该下延至ca. 850 Ma,扬子西缘新元古代裂谷盆地开启时间应更改为ca. 850 Ma,与全球超级地幔柱上涌和Rodinia超大陆裂解时间基本同步。     

北祁连东段新元古代火山岩的发现及其特征和形成环境

1/ 5万石门川幅、老龙湾幅区域地质调研结果表明 ,北祁连东段上吊吊坡地区存在新元古代火山岩 ,Sm- Nd同位素测试结果为 72 3.1± 2 5.0 Ma。地球化学特征揭示该套火山岩为拉斑玄武岩系列 ,稀土、微量元素特征及 Nd同位素特征证明其形成于岛弧环境 ,它是中国大陆在元古代晚期固结过程的产物 ,与当时华北陆块所处的大地构造背景相一致     

北祁连冷龙岭新元古代火山岩的发现及地质地球化学特征和大地构造意义

冷龙岭火山岩带位于北祁连中段,在开展1：5万区域矿产调查中发现该火山岩带为由中元古代火山岩、蛇绿岩、新元古代火山岩和奥陶纪火山岩的残块构造拼贴而成,其中新元古代火山岩为由细碧岩和石英角斑岩为主组成的细碧角斑岩系,岩石化学特征具双峰式火山岩的特征,微量元素网图具双隆起分配型式,稀土曲线与北祁连石英角斑岩球粒陨石标准化曲线一致,获得Sm—Nd等时线年龄826±34Ma,表明形成时代为新元古代,地球化学特征显示该套火山岩形成于大陆裂谷环境,这与北祁连东段白银厂含矿火山岩一致,经过对比研究,初步认为冷龙岭火山岩为寻找白银式铜多金属矿的有利地区。     

川西新元古界苏雄组层型剖面底部豆状熔结凝灰岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

采用LA-ICP-MS方法,首次对四川西部新元古界苏雄组层型剖面底部豆状熔结凝灰岩进行了锆石U-Th-Pb同位素测定,获得了两组谐和度极高的年龄数据:805.9±4.4 Ma(N=11,MSWD=0.58)和849.4±6.2 Ma(N=6,MSWD=0.34)。其中,805.9±4.4 Ma代表凝灰岩沉积年龄,与前人报道的苏雄组流纹岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄(803±12 Ma)高度一致,进一步约束了苏雄组底部火山喷发的起始年代。构造岩浆热事件分析表明,805.9±4.4Ma代表了华南扬子古大陆800 Ma左右的火山喷发事件;而849.4±6.2 Ma则与Rodinia超大陆初始裂解(~850Ma)的同裂谷岩浆活动相对应。     

Leaching of quartz from precambrian hypabyssal rhyolite porphyry,Llano County,Texas

A Precambrian hypabyssal rhyolite porphyry in central Texas has retained its original texture, although alkali feldspar phenocrysts have inverted and unmixed from zoned, single-phase high-temperature feldspar to zoned microperthite with an intermediate microcline host.Blue quartz phenocrysts owe their color to dispersion by zircon inclusions. Neutron activation analysis reveals substitution of tetravalent cations for silicon in the quartz.In two outcrops, quartz and albite have been completely leached from the rock and K-feldspar added, leaving the texture intact. The leaching was most likely accomplished by residual brine from an overlying Lower Cretaceous evaporite deposit subsequently removed by erosion.     

四川汉源县瓦板山磷矿矿体及矿石特征

在介绍瓦板山磷矿含磷层特征的基础上,进一步阐述了矿体厚度、品位、形态特征及矿石结构、构造、矿物组成、化学组分、风化特征、矿石类型等矿石特征。     

云南省巧家县谓姑地区新元古代石英斑岩体形成时代及其地质意义

川-滇-黔地区是地质学者一直以来重点关注的地区之一,也是我国重要的有色金属基地之一,是滇东北成矿带的重要组成部分。本次在云南巧家县谓姑地区坪子地新发现一处石英斑岩体,该岩体岩性单一,并伴有铜矿化。本文在野外地质调查基础上,对该石英斑岩体进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年、Lu-Hf同位素分析和岩石地球化学研究,以限定石英斑岩体侵位时代,反演岩体岩浆源区特征,总结石英斑岩体成因,并探讨其构造背景。结果显示,谓姑地区石英斑岩属高硅(SiO_2=70.41%～77.65%)、过铝质(A/CNK=1.29～5.37)岩石。岩石具较高的稀土总量(∑REE为1017.12×10~(-6)～1325.20×10~(-6)),(La/Yb)_N为22.87～42.78,(Lm/Sm)_N为4.84～5.61,轻稀土富集明显,铕负异常明显(δEu=0.21～0.25),相对富集K、Rb、Th、U、Zr、Nb、Sm等大离子亲石元素和高场强元素,形成于伸展拉张构造背景。石英斑岩体的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为795.4±5.8 Ma,表明其形成于新元古代青白口纪;锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)=-7.43～-5.76,平均-6.61,二阶段模式年龄值在2.063～2.146Ga,显示源区来源于古元古代古老地壳部分熔融。结合区域地质资料,认为该岩体是Rondnia超大陆裂解阶段的产物。     

Characterization of the Microbial Dolomite of the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation in the Hanyuan Area of Sichuan Province, China

The algal dolostone of the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation (corresponding to the Ediacaran system) in the Upper Yangtze Platform of China possesses a rich diversity of microorganisms and is an ideal site for the study of ancient microbial dolomite. We focused on algal dolostone and its microbial dolomite in the Hanyuan area of Sichuan Province, China. The macroscopic petrological features, microscopic morphology, texture characteristics of the fossil microorganisms and microbial dolomite, and geochemical characteristics were investigated. We found rich fossil microorganisms and microbial dolomites in the laminated, stromatolithic, uniform and clotted (algal) dolostones. The microorganisms present were mainly body fossils of cyanobacteria (including Renalcis, Girvanella, Nanococcus, and Epiphyton) and their trace fossils (including microbial mats (biofilms), algal traces, and spots). In addition, there was evidence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), moderately halophilic aerobic bacteria, and red algae. The microbial dolomites presented cryptocrystalline textures under polarizing microscope and nanometer-sized granular (including spherulitic and pene-cubical granular) and (sub) micron-sized sheet-like, irregular, spherical and ovoidal morphologies under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The microbial dolomites were formed by microbially induced mineralization in the intertidal zone and lagoon environments during the depositional and syngenetic stages and microbially influenced mineralization in the supratidal zone environment during the penecontemporaneous stage. The microbial metabolic activities and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) determined the morphology and element composition of microbial dolomite. During the depositional and syngenetic stages, the metabolic activities of cyanobacteria and SRB were active and EPS, biofilms and microbial mats were well-developed. EPS provided a large number of nucleation sites. Accordingly, many nanometer-sized pene-cubical granular and (sub) micron-sized sheet-like microbial dolomites were formed. During the penecontemporaneous stage, SBR, cyanobacteria, and moderately halophilic aerobic bacteria were inactive. Furthermore, nucleation sites reduced significantly and were derived from both the EPS of surviving microorganisms and un-hydrolyzed EPS from dead microorganisms. Consequently the microbial dolomites present nanometer-sized spherulitic and micron-sized irregular, spherical, and ovoidal morphologies. Overall, the microbial dolomites evolved from nanometer-sized granular (including spherulitic and pene-cubical granular) dolomites to (sub) micron-sized sheet-like, irregular, spherical and ovoidal dolomites, and then to macroscopic laminated, stromatolithic, uniform, and clotted dolostones. These findings reveal the correlation between morphological evolution of microbial dolomite and microbial activities showing the complexity and diversity of mineral (dolomite)-microbe interactions, and providing new insight into microbial biomineralization and microbial dolomite in the Precambrian era.     

The Analysis of Genesis of Tangjia Lead-Zinc Ore in Hanyuan County, Sichuan

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沽源火山盆地燕山期次流纹斑岩地质地球化学特征

燕山期次流纹斑岩主要分布在沽源火山盆地盖层的上侏罗统张家口组火山岩中,活动时间以燕山晚期为主.次流纹斑岩体在空间分布上受断裂构造和燕山晚期火山构造控制,与铀钼矿化关系密切,矿化主要产在次流纹斑岩体接触带或其顶部的隐爆角砾岩中.次流纹斑岩与围岩呈侵入接触关系,呈岩株、岩墙、岩脉等形态产出.岩石地球化学研究表明:次流纹斑岩...     

江苏徐州及其邻区新元古代魏集组叠层石礁

江苏徐州及其邻区新元古代魏集组出露广泛，其中由新元古代沿海潮坪-浅滩底栖微生物群落生命活动形成的叠层石礁碳酸盐岩厚达300m，延绵几百km^2以上，构成了该区一系列山丘的主体。就该区主要的叠层石类型及其形成的礁体作一综述，并讨论其区域地层对比。