伊宁至阿克苏铁路那拉提山越岭段关键性工程地质问题遥感解译与分析

伊宁至阿克苏铁路由北至南需2次翻越天山, 北侧那拉提山越岭段自然气候恶劣、地质环境复杂, 线路方案的设计、选择明显受地质条件的约束, 前期选线勘测需要彻底摸清区内各类地质问题。在分析区域地质构造背景的基础上, 采用高分二号、Landsat8卫星影像和航空高分辨率影像等多源数据, 对区内存在的恰普河中游及巩乃斯镇东滑坡群、近EW-NEE向地震活动断裂带、巩乃斯河上游危岩落石区等关键地质问题开展了详细的解译分析, 结合现场调查, 对其发育位置、规模、形态、稳定性等进行了评价, 为外业工程地质勘察、线路方案比选提供了可靠的基础资料, 充分发挥了遥感技术在复杂山区铁路勘察中的指导作用。      

GPS DATA INVERSION OF KINEMATIC MODEL OF MAIN FAULTS IN YUNNAN

1　IntroductionThemodernspacegeodesytechnology (GPSes pecially)israpidlydeveloping ,andisabletoprecise lymonitorongoingsurfacechangeprocessatun precedentedspatialandtemporalresolution .Soithasgraduallybecomethemostsuitabletooltoob servegeodynamicalphenomena[1 - 5] .Theearthquakepreparationandoccurrencearecloselyrelatedtofaultanditsmovement.Activefaultanditsquantitativeanalysisisstillthepredomi nantfieldofseismologicalresearch[6,7] .Faultdislo cationmaycausecrustaldeformationaroundit.Onthebas…     

THE MAIN FEATURES OF MORPHOSTRUCTURE OFTHE TRANSREGIONAL AMUR-SONGHUA-HUANGHEFAULT ZONE IN EAST ASIA

DuringthelastseveralyearstheRussian-Chinese~tivemorphOStructUralinvestigationswerecarriedoutalongthetransregionalfaultzonewhichstretcheSmorethan3000kin,fromlowerstreamoftheHuanghecaver,ac~theffehaho,Liaohedep~ion,thenalongthehahuaandthelowerAInurvalleystotheNorthffekhalinandprobablytothecentralPartofOkhotskAsbasin.It'soneofthelargestfaultzonesintheeasternrnalginofAsia.OntheterritoryofnortheasternChinathemostpinOfthiszoneiskno~asTall-L.faultzonewhichhasbeenstudiedbyChinesegeologistsform…     

山东省潍坊市区域地壳稳定性分区与评价

潍坊市位于沂沭断裂带北段东西地堑之间,地质构造复杂,地震活动性强,开展区域地壳稳定性评价对潍坊市城市建设及远景规划具有重要意义。该文通过综合断裂、地震地质、构造应力场、工程地质、水文地质、地质灾害等方面的调查研究资料,以ArcGIS为平台,采用模糊数学评判方法,对潍坊市区域地壳稳定性进行了探讨。研究结果表明,潍坊市以不稳定区为主,面积约8 139.053 km^2,主要分布于沂沭断裂带两侧、端部、转折等部位;其次为稳定区,面积约4 915.455 km^2,主要分布在北部平原区以及南部山区;不稳定区面积2 328.811 km^2,主要分布在鄌郚-葛沟断裂和昌邑-大店断裂间中南部地段;较稳定区面积约1 648.077 km^2,主要分布在西部和东部山区、断裂之间。     

Landslide distribution and sliding mode control along the Anninghe fault zone at the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau

Tibetan Plateau is known as the roof of the world. Due to the continuous uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, many active fault zones are present. These active fault zones such as the Anninghe fault zone have a significant influence on the formation of special geomorphology and the distribution of geological hazards at the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. The Anninghe fault zone is a key part of the Y-shaped fault pattern in the Sichuan-Yunnan block of China. In this paper, high-resolution topographic data, multitemporal remote sensing images, numerical calculations, seismic records, and comprehensive field investigations were employed to study the landslide distribution along the active part of the Anninghe. The influence of active faults on the lithology, rock mass structures and slope stress fields were also studied. The results show that the faults within the Anninghe fault zone have damaged the structure and integrity of the slope rock mass, reduced the mechanical strength of the rock mass and controlled the slope failure modes. The faults have also controlled the stress field, the distribution of the plastic strain zone and the maximum shear strain zone of the slope, thus have promoted the formation and evolution of landslides. We find that the studied landslides are linearly distributed along the Anninghe fault zone, and more than 80% of these landslides are within 2-3 km of the fault rupture zone. Moreover, the Anninghe fault zone provides abundant substance for landslides or debris flows. This paper presents four types of sliding mode control of the Anninghe fault zone, e.g., constituting the whole landslide body, controlling the lateral boundary of the landslide, controlling the crown of the landslide, and constituting the toe of the landslide. The results presented merit close attention as a valuable reference source for local infrastructure planning and engineering projects.     

临沂市城市地下空间资源地质调查评价研究

临沂市城市建设发展迅速,城市面貌日新月异,但高楼密集、交通拥挤等问题也逐渐显现出来,城市建设需要更多的空间,开发利用城市地下空间已是首要解决的问题。临沂市位于沂沭断裂带与临沂单斜、平邑-方城盆地多个地质单元的交会处,断裂构造发育,地震活动强烈,地质条件复杂,城市地下空间开发的影响因素众多,该文从水文及水文地质条件、工程地质条件、环境地质条件、人类工程活动等方面对临沂城市地下空间资源地质环境适宜性进行了分析研究,提出了其主要制约因素为极其发育的活动性断裂的看法,凡是活动性断裂对地下空间开发有影响的区域,均为地下空间资源开发制约区。评价结论对于提高城市发展格局、提高城市空间利用率、指导城市空间开发利用规划具有一定的参考意义。     

茅山竹矿断层气定点观测场地勘选

拟在茅山断裂带沿线布设若干个断层气连续观测点，建组断层气观测网。以茅山竹矿地区为例，通过断层气测量的初步结果，结合地质、人工地震、跨断层短水准等多种手段联合分析研究区断层的活动性，从而确定断层气定点观测的点位，为组建断层气观测网的选点提供借鉴和参考。     

用GPS资料研究华北地区形变场和构造应力场

利用华北地区地质构造、第四纪以来的活动断层、地形、地壳厚度、地壳及上地幔地震波速度结构等资料,构建了三维有限元框架模型,利用最新GPS观测结果作为边界约束条件,模拟计算了华北地区的形变场及构造应力场。结果表明,模型预测地表速度场和GPS观测结果比较一致。模拟结果中,大型NNE向断层如汾渭地堑断裂系呈右旋运动,NWW向断层如张家口渤海断裂带呈左旋运动,与野外地质考察结果一致。在地表以下10～20km处,模型预测应力场的主压应力方向为NNE、EW向,主张应力大约为主压应力2～8倍。模型中最大剪切应力场在山西、华北平原中部和东部沿海分别出现3条NNE向高梯度带,此梯度带与研究区域的主要地震活动带相对应。     

能动构造源及其在核动力工程选址中的意义

能动构造源是源于能动断层的一个新概念，在核工程的厂址评价中有决定性作用。研究认为，能动构造源判定标志中的时间约定方法强调了以地质观测为主的综合判定法，明确规定了地震活动在鉴别中的作用。提出“晚更新世Ｑ３（约１０万年）以来”在我国具有特殊的活动构造意义，即喜马拉雅运动进入最活跃的时期，波及全国并持续至今。能动构造源的判定在近场区以评价地表或近地表破裂为主，在远场区则是为了划分潜在震源区     

�봨8������ر����Ѵ��������乹������

???ò??GPS????8????????????????????????????????????????????????????????:?????????-?????????γ?????200 km???????????????????????-????????????γ?????75 km??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????     

����GPS�۲��о������ؿ��ж��ֽ�ؿ��˶������

??????????ж???·????GPS??????2005??2007????????????????????????????????????ε?ò??????????????о???????????ж???·??????????????????????????????????????Щ??????????????????1???о?????????????????????-??????????????????????????????????????????￡????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????2???????????????????????α??η?????????????????η?????????й??????????1????????????????????????????????????????-????????????3?????????-?????????????F76??F67??F50 3???????????????????????????????-??????????????F73??F65????λ???丽?????????????????У????????????????????????????ε??????     

Geo-engineering lessons learned from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan and their significance to reconstruction

The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan of China was the result of quake-triggering along an active several hundred-kilometer-long fault. The subsequent landslides and debris flow geohazards are dominating factors in planning post-disaster recovery and rebuilding. This paper presents recommendations for coping with large-scale geohazards and disasters. It is essential to establish a national emergency management system for huge scale catastrophe and earthquake precursor identification. Town construction must be kept away from active faults, especially to improve town safety in areas with high risk of seismic and geological hazards, and it is important to improve geohazard investigation and remediation for mountain areas that have become loosened by earthquake activity. Geological factors must be better understood to reduce direct and secondary risks and effects of earthquakes. Site selections for public relocation require clear and informed analysis of geological and social risk reduction, so that relocation, infrastructure reconstruction, and commemorative relic-sites can be protected.     

Offshore Fault Geometrics in the Pearl River Estuary,Southeastern China: Evidence from Seismic Reflection Data

The Pearl River Estuary (PRE) is located at the onshore-offshore transition zone between South China and South China Sea Basin, and it is of great significant value in discussing tectonic relationships between South China block and South China Sea block and seismic activities along the offshore active faults in PRE. However, the researches on geometric characteristics of offshore faults in this area are extremely lacking. To investigate the offshore fault distribution and their geometric features in the PRE in greater detail, we acquired thirteen seismic reflection profiles in 2015. Combining the analysis of the seismic reflection and free-air gravity anomaly data, this paper revealed the location, continuity, and geometry of the littoral fault zone and other offshore faults in PRE. The littoral fault zone is composed of the major Dangan Islands fault and several parallel, high-angle, normal faults, which mainly trend northeast to northeast-to-east and dip to the southeast with large displacements. The fault zone is divided into three different segments by the northwest-trending faults. Moreover, the basement depth around Dangan Islands is very shallow, while it suddenly increases along the islands westward and southward. These has resulted in the islands and neighboring areas becoming the places where the stress accumulates easily. The seismogenic pattern of this area is closely related to the comprehensive effect of intersecting faults together with the low velocity layer.     

GiT-based structural geologic feature analysis of the southern segment of Longmenshan fault zone for earthquake evidence

The Longmenshan fault is a thrust fault which runs along the base of the Longmen Mountains in Sichuan province,southwestern China.The southern segment of the fault had two distinct responses to the Ms 8 Wenchuan and Ms 7 Lushan earthquakes.This study determines characteristics of the structural geology of the Longmenshan fault to evaluate how it influenced the two aforementioned earthquakes.This research was done within a Geoinformation Technologies(Gi T) environment based on multi-source remote sensing and crustal movement data extracted from the Global Positioning System(GPS).The spatial distribution of the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone was comprehensively analyzed to study both earthquakes.The study revealed that the Wenchuanand Lushan earthquakes occurred on two relatively independent faults.In addition,there was a nearly constant-velocity crustal movement zone between the two epicenters that probably had a compressive stress with slow motion.Furthermore,the central fault and a mountain back fault gradually merged from north to south.The Lushan earthquake was not an aftershock of the Wenchuan earthquake.The research showed that fault zones within 30–50 km of State Highway 318 are intensive and complex.In addition,crustal movement velocity decreased rapidly,with a strong multi-directional shear zone.Thus,activity in that zone was likely stronger than in the northern part over the medium to long term.     

活断层工程地质分类及其评价

本文论述了当前工程地质学界所急待解决的活断层问题,讨论了活断层的定义及其划分标志,提出了活断层工程地质分类原则和评价原则以及具体的评价方法。这对解决一些重大工程项目如核电站、高能加速器装置、大型水力枢纽和火力发电厂等的选址以及城市建设规划布局等都具有重要的工程地质学意义。     

康定北部高原构造岩溶发育特征与地下水径流带识别

受自然环境和技术方法制约，青藏高原岩溶发育演化和岩溶地下水循环特征研究相对薄弱，制约了青藏高原碳酸盐岩区的经济发展、民生设施建设和地质灾害防治。通过野外地质测量，岩溶地下水、地表水和大气降水水化学和同位素特征分析，泉水流量动态，水均衡计算和物探等技术方法，系统分析了四川省康定市北郊碳酸盐岩分布区的岩溶发育特征，识别了岩溶径流通道和岩溶大泉主要补给来源。结果表明:康定市北郊碳酸盐岩分布于高山峡谷地貌类型区，可溶岩地层分布、岩溶发育程度和岩溶水补给、径流、排泄均受构造控制，可溶岩与非可溶岩接触带和活动断裂附近的岩溶发育程度较强。岩溶水呈管道流径流，主要以岩溶大泉形式集中排泄，泉流量约1.5×104 m3/d且动态较为稳定。通过水文地质条件分析，识别出研究区存在通化组岩溶水径流带和雅拉河断裂岩溶水径流带。水化学-同位素数据、岩溶泉流量动态和水均衡计算结果显示，雅拉河河水是岩溶大泉的主要补给源，岩溶地下水主要沿雅拉河断裂岩溶水径流带径流并集中排泄。      

山东招远夏甸金矿深部三维成矿可视化定位预测

招远夏甸金矿床位于华北板块之胶北隆起区内的招远-平度断裂带(简称招平断裂)中。招平断裂沿玲珑花岗岩体与前寒武纪结晶基底岩系的接触面展布,既是控矿构造,又是导矿和容矿构造,夏甸金矿床主要产于断裂下盘的碎裂状玲珑花岗岩中,在其上盘的基底岩系亦有分布,为一典型的破碎带蚀变岩型金矿床。该文以夏甸金矿田为研究对象,引入三维地质建模(3DGM)及三维可视化技术,研究探索隐伏矿体预测的三维化、定量化及可视化技术,重点突破了复杂地质体三维形态分析、控矿地质因素场模拟、成矿信息三维定量提取等关键技术,初步形成了隐伏矿体三维可视化预测的方法。依据勘探工程数据、矿体圈定规范并结合地质规律进行了矿体三维建模,结合已知的地震、重力、大地电磁等方法获得的各类数据作为研究深部地质构造的基本资料,对深部成矿构造进行了三维重构,对夏甸金矿深部进行了矿化空间分析和三维成矿信息提取,开展了三维定量成矿预测,在此基础上建立了三维定量成矿预测模型。在夏甸金矿田共圈定了Ⅰ号、Ⅱ号两个可视化立体找矿靶区,为今后深部工作优选区位提供了信息资料。     

Predicting landslide scenes under potential earthquake scenarios in the Xianshuihe fault zone,Southwest China

Earthquake-induced landslides can seriously aggravate the earthquake’s destructive consequences and have caused widespread concern in recent decades. The Xianshuihe fault is a large active left-lateral strike-slip fault in the southeast margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Southwest China, where the frequent strong earthquakes have brought abundant geo-hazards. This study focuses mainly on exploring and predicting the landslide scenes induced by the potential earthquakes. Firstly, the sophisticated Newmark model is improved through landslide cases induced by the Ms7.9 Luhuo earthquake in 1973 to adapt the field seismotectonics of the Xianshuihe fault zone. Then, it is used to predict the landslide scenes under one speculated potential earthquake scenario with the similar focal mechanism with the Luhuo earthquake. The preliminary results show that the slope displacement resulted from Newmark model can reflect spatial distribution characteristics of earthquake-induced landslides. The predicted potential earthquake-induced landslide scenes present an obvious extending trend along the Xianshuihe fault. The landslide hazard is greater in the northeast regions than southwest regions of the Xianshuihe fault, where there are more complex topographic conditions. The study procedure will be a helpful demonstration for exploration and prediction of landslide scenes under potential earthquakes in the regions with high seismic activity.     

������������ˮƽ�α�Ӧ�䳡�о�

????2011???2013????????GPS?????????????????????????????????????о???????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????о???????2011??2013????????????????????????????????????????????????????-???????????λ????в??????????????????????λ??????????????????????????????2011??2013??????????????????NE55°????????????????????????????????С??????????????????????????????С???????????????????????????????????????????????????Ms??≥5.0????????2013???????????????????????????????-???л?????????5.8???????????????????????????????????????????     

利用InSAR资料反演宁洱Ms6.4地震震源参数及库仑应力变化

首先利用ALOS PALSAR数据，通过D-InSAR技术获取2007-06-03云南宁洱MS6.4地震的同震形变场，然后基于Okada弹性半空间位错模型反演该地震的断层几何以及精细滑动分布，最后计算宁洱地震后周边断层的静态库仑应力变化。结果表明，形变主要集中在西盘，最大视线向形变量为51.6 cm；反演得到的震源位置为23.05°N、101.02°E，深度3 km，断层走向145°，倾向49.5°，平均滑动角153°，发震断层为NNW向普洱断裂，断层活动以右旋走滑为主，兼具逆冲分量；断层面最大滑动量为1.2 m，反演得到的震级为MW619。基于库仑应力场发现，磨黑断裂处于库仑应力增加区域，而2014年景谷地震位于负值区域。结合实地考察资料和反演结果表明，宁洱地震为浅源地震，但断层并未出露地表。