利用数字化加速度记录仿真速度及位移时程应用研究

根据金星等、马强等提出的时域实时方法,对辽宁省数字宽频带加速度记录进行仿真。结果表明,可由宽频带加速度记录仿真得到真实的速度与位移时程,应用此方法可以用于我省地方震及近震的监测,这将有效拓展强震观测数据的使用价值,为地震参数的确定提供了另一条有效途径。     

利用数字化速度记录实时仿真位移与加速度时程

根据地震仪的原理和作者提出的单自由度系统地震反应的递归公式,本文系统研究了利用数字化宽频带速度型记录仿真地面位移和地面加速度等问题,从时域上提出了一套实时计算公式,数值计算结果表明,本文所提方法速度快、精度高,可广泛应用于地震监测和地震动参数的实时计算。     

建筑物模态参数时变特性基于强震记录的识别

本文提出一种封闭循环滤波方法,根据等效线性化原理,利用新北京饭店在唐山地震中的强震观测记录,识别建筑物模态参数的时变特性。     

近场大位移下GPS与强震仪记录的差异性分析

本文用频域仿真的方法对强震仪加速度记录积分得到位移记录,引入相关系数分析了大位移作用下的强震仪与GPS位移记录的一致性和差异性,结果表明,稳定激发下,两者水平向位移记录的初始相关系数均超过0.8,具有较大的相似度,但仍存在一定的幅值差异,本文主要通过对比分析大位移实验和稳定激发实验来研究该差异性。分析了大位移实验的信噪频谱,大位移实验与稳定激发实验的信号频谱,认为在大位移实验中,强震仪在问题频段的记录很有可能是信号而非噪声。随后,在转角时程中发现,在大转角位移作用下,强震仪和GPS位移记录的差异性表现得更明显,这可能是强震仪受工作原理限制,无法记录到旋转位移所致。随后,本文依据GPS记录的转角信息对强震仪位移进行修正,校正后的位移记录幅值差异明显减小,可以认为由工作原理差异致使参考坐标系的不同是引起两者记录幅值差异的主要原因,同时,也说明GPS能有效的校正强震仪在有转角的复杂观测环境下的位移记录。     

共同台基的强震仪记录与地震仪记录对比研究

本文根据时域实时方法,对辽宁省共同台基的数字宽频带加速度记录和地震仪速度型记录进行相互仿真,并做了对比分析.结果表明,可以由加速度记录仿真得到真实的速度与位移时程;同样,地震仪速度型记录也能通过仿真得到加速度时程.由此可见,强震观测和地震观测在一定范围内是可以相互替代的.     

利用数字强震仪记录实时仿真地动速度

本文首先讨论了计算单自由度系统相对速度递归公式所存在的问题,然后根据递归方程不变性和中心差分,得到了新的计算单自由度系统相对速度地震反应的递归公式,分析了新公式的误差精度。在此基础上,利用地震仪原理,提出了由加速度记录实时恢复地动速度的计算方法。     

水工建筑物强震动加速度记录的分析处理

从工程应用角度详细介绍水工强震动加速度记录正确处理分析的方法与原理.主要介绍了震源的评估原理,强震动加速度记录预处理过程中单位换算、奇异点剔除、基线校正、滤波除噪等步骤的方法原理,后处理分析中一次、二次积分、谱分析原理.阐述了利用强震动加速度记录进行震害快速评估原理.文中以二滩拱坝强震监测台阵监测到的一次强震加速度记录的处理过程为例,以图表形式直接明了地强调指出了强震动加速度记录处理中容易发生错误的过程,并提出相应的处理方法.     

地震数据的仿真处理

介绍了地震记录仿真的方法及意义,并以宁洱地震系列中的一个事件和日本记录到的一个强震记录为例,进行了从原始记录的基线校正、宽频带速度记录到短周期速度记录的仿真、强震加速度记录到速度、位移的仿真.     

多道中心式记录强震仪的设计与应用

介绍了多道中心式记录强震仪的工作原理,性能及技术指标,给出了仪器的设计方法、理论分析和具体电气功能控制、时间服务系统等结构框图。文中还介绍了强震仪在地震现场观测获取的很有价值的地震记录。     

基于GPS地震位移记录的相对位移反应谱计算

地震发生时,结构所受的地震荷载是以位移形式从基础处输入的,所以研究基于地震位移的结构响应既是工程需求又是设计需要。本文基于位移、速度输入模型的单自由度时程反应计算方法,计算了以GPS实际观测记录为位移输入、以其中心差分为速度输入的地震位移反应谱,并与加速度输入模型结果进行了比较。结果表明,高采样率(5 Hz以上)GPS位移记录可获得与加速度输入模型基本一致的反应谱结果,1 Hz GPS位移记录所得结果反映不出地震高频特性,但能表征长周期结构的地震响应。紧接着,本文将基于GPS的反应谱计算方法运用到日本震例中,通过比较并址的强震仪与GPS站两者记录所求得的位移反应谱,得出的结果与理论分析一致。本文由此得出结论:基于GPS计算地震相对位移反应谱是可行的。     

Real-time simulation of ground displacement by digital accelerograph record

Introduction The observation records of strong ground motion previously, on the one hand, supplied basicdata both to research on earthquake engineering and to constitute the criterion of aseismatic de-signing of all project structures; on the other hand, it provided important information for the re-search on the process of epicenter burst in seismology. With the development of research on strongground motion observation, especially the development of the new generation accelerograph,which…     

考虑场地类别与强震持时的滞回耗能谱的特征分析

基于力或位移的结构抗震设计方法大多无法反映地震动持时的影响,而能量设计方法则能较好地弥补其不足。按场地类别和强震持时,将302条Northridge地震记录分为15组,对地震记录的峰值进行规一化处理,采用钢筋混凝土退化三线型恢复力模型,对单自由度体系进行弹塑性时程分析,研究场地类别、强震持时、强度屈服水平以及结构周期等因素对滞回耗能的影响。结果表明:在给定地震记录的峰值和屈服强度水平下,结构的滞回耗能依赖于场地条件和强震持时等因素;滞回耗能随强震持时的增加而增大,随场地特征周期的增加而增大。通过非线性回归分析,建立了与峰值加速度、峰值速度、强震持时相对应的简化滞回耗能谱的计算公式。     

Ground motion characteristics of the Chi‐Chi earthquake of 21 September 1999

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ground motion characteristics of the Chi‐Chi earthquake (21 September 1999) as well as the interpretation of structural damage due to this earthquake. Over 300 strong motion records were collected from the strong motion network of Taiwan for this earthquake. A lot of near‐field ground motion data were collected. They provide valuable information on the study of ground motion characteristics of pulse‐like near‐field ground motions as well as fault displacement. This study includes: attenuation of ground motion both in PGA and spectral amplitude, principal direction, elastic and inelastic response analysis of a SDOF system subjected to near‐field ground motion collected from this event. The distribution of spectral acceleration and spectral velocity along the Chelungpu fault is discussed. Based on the mode decomposition method the intrinsic mode function of ground acceleration of this earthquake is examined. A long‐period wave with large amplitude was observed in most of the near‐source ground acceleration. The seismic demand from the recorded near‐field ground motion is also investigated with an evaluation of seismic design criteria of Taiwan Building Code. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Statistical insight into constant-ductility design using a non-stationary earthquake ground motion model

A recently developed earthquake ground motion model non-stationary in both intensity and frequency content is validated at the inelastic Single-Degree-Of-Freedom (SDOF) structural response level. For the purpose of this study, the earthquake model is calibrated for two actual earthquake records. The objective of a constant (or target) displacement ductility used in conventional earthquake-resistant design is examined from the statistical viewpoint using this non-stationary earthquake model. The non-linear hysteretic structural behaviour is modelled using several idealized hysteretic SDOF structural models. Ensemble-average inelastic response spectra corresponding to various inelastic SDOF response (or damage) parameters and conditioned on a constant displacement ductility response are derived from the two identified stochastic ground motion models. The effects of the type of hysteretic behaviour, the structural parameters, the target displacement ductility factor, and the ground motion model on the statistics of the inelastic response parameters are thoroughly investigated. The results of this parametric study shed further light on the proper interpretation and use of inelastic response or damage parameters in earthquake-resistant design in order to achieve the desirable objective of ‘constant-damage design’. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Self-centering seismic retrofit scheme for reinforced concrete frame structures: SDOF system study

This paper presents the results of a parametric study of self-centering seismic retrofit schemes for reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings. The self-centering retrofit system features flag-shaped hysteresis and minimal residual deformation. For comparison purpose,an alternate seismic retrofit scheme that uses a bilinear-hysteresis retrofit system such as buckling-restrained braces (BRB) is also considered in this paper. The parametric study was carried out in a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system framework since a multi-story building structure may be idealized as an equivalent SDOF system and investigation of the performance of this equivalent SDOF system can provide insight into the seismic response of the multi-story building. A peak-oriented hysteresis model which can consider the strength and stiffness degradation is used to describe the hysteretic behavior of RC structures. The parametric study involves two key parameters -the strength ratio and elastic stiffness ratio between the seismic retrofit system and the original RC frame. An ensemble of 172 earthquake ground motion records scaled to the design basis earthquake in California with a probability of exceedance of 10% in 50 years was constructed for the simulation-based parametric study. The effectiveness of the two seismic retrofit schemes considered in this study is evaluated in terms of peak displacement ratio,peak acceleration ratio,energy dissipation demand ratio and residual displacement ratio between the SDOF systems with and without retrofit. It is found from this parametric study that RC structures retrofitted with the self-centering retrofit scheme (SCRS) can achieve a seismic performance level comparable to the bilinear-hysteresis retrofit scheme (BHRS) in terms of peak displacement and energy dissipation demand ratio while having negligible residual displacement after earthquake.     

Effect of peak ground velocity on deformation demands for SDOF systems

The effect of peak ground velocity (PGV) on single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) deformation demands and for certain ground‐motion features is described by using a total of 60 soil site records with source‐to‐site distances less than 23 km and moment magnitudes between 5.5 and 7.6. The observations based on these records indicate that PGV correlates well with the earthquake magnitude and provides useful information about the ground‐motion frequency content and strong‐motion duration that can play a role on the seismic demand of structures. The statistical results computed from non‐linear response history analyses of different hysteretic models highlight that PGV correlates better with the deformation demands with respect to other ground motion intensity measures. The choice of PGV as ground motion intensity decreases the dispersion due to record‐to‐record variability of SDOF deformation demands, particularly in the short period range. The central tendencies of deformation demands are sensitive to PGV and they may vary considerably as a function of the hysteretic model and structural period. The results provided in this study suggest a consideration of PGV as a stable candidate for ground motion intensity measure in simplified seismic assessment methods that are used to estimate structural performance for earthquake hazard analysis. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Earthquake ground motion characteristics and seismic energy dissipation

The sensitivity of seismic energy dissipation to ground motion and system characteristics is assessed. It is found that peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity to acceleration (V/A), dominant period of ground excitation and effective response duration are closely correlated with the energy dissipated by a SDOF system. Ductility ratio and damping ratio have no significant influence on the energy dissipation. An energy dissipation index is proposed for measuring the damage potential of earthquake ground motion records which includes the effects of basic excitation and response characteristics contributing to the seismic energy dissipation. The proposed index is compared with several intensity measures for the set of 94 ground motion records considered in the study.     

On the performance of SCF in seismic isolation of the interior equipment of buildings

The dynamic response of equipment mounted on an isolated raised floor inside a building while the primary fixed base structure is subjected to harmonic and earthquake ground motions is numerically investigated. Sliding concave foundation (SCF) system is utilized for isolating the raised floor. The equations of motion for a MDOF shear building containing a SCF isolated raised floor with a mounted equipment are developed and the rigid link method is utilized to handle the non‐linearity of the system. The equipment, which can be modelled as a SDOF or MDOF system, may represent a critical computer unit or telecommunication processing system. SCF can be used easily to achieve the desired long period, necessary for protecting sensitive equipment. In this investigation, the ability of SCF in reducing the acceleration level experienced by the equipment inside a building is demonstrated while the lateral displacement is still within an acceptable range. The analysis considered the case of equipment housed in the upper floors of a building where the acceleration is amplified and the motion contains strong components at long periods. For this purpose, different excitations including both harmonic and real earthquake ground motions are employed and the performance of the system is evaluated. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

2022年日本福岛7.4级地震震害分析与对比

2022年3月16日在日本福岛县东部海域发生7.4级地震,本文基于近实时震害评估系统RED-ACT对此次地震进行了快速评估,包括强震动记录分析、区域地震破坏力震害评估结果和典型桥梁破坏,并结合实际震害对比了该系统评估结果以及其他主要震害快速评估系统的分析结果,结果表明：(1)此次地震造成的地面运动强度较大,多数台站记录PGA较2021年福岛7.3级地震更强,反应谱在0.5～1.3s区间呈现远高于2021年福岛地震的趋势。(2)RED-ACT的震害评估结果相较于日本NIED-CRS系统和美国USGS-PAGER系统与实际震害更为接近,在强震动记录较为密集的地区,开展基于强震动时程和建筑非线性分析的震害评估能够得到更为准确的震害评估结果。(3)此次地震对白石市附近桥梁造成了一定的破坏,桥梁破坏附近处的强震动会对典型桥梁结构造成一定程度的破坏。