GPS技术周年系统性误差的检测与分析

当利用GPS测站坐标残差数据分析研究测站坐标周年非线性变化规律时,GPS技术本身的周年系统性误差是其中重要部分。本文针对GPS技术的周年变化特点利用并置站SLR残差数据对GPS测站残差数据中的部分周年系统性误差进行了检测分析,对于进一步量化GPS周年系统性误差对测站坐标精度以及测站坐标周年非线性变化的影响有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于GPS测站坐标残差序列的傅里叶模型建立与分析

利用傅里叶级数对GPS测站坐标残差序列进行模型建立与分析,通过傅里叶频域变换将GPS测站坐标残差序列分解到不同频域,然后对不同频域的规律进行傅里叶级数拟合,从而建立残差序列的拟合模型。实验表明傅里叶变换可以有效地分析研究GPS测站坐标残差序列中各种高频周期规律,并能够利用傅里叶级数实现高精度的拟合。     

全球GPS测站垂向周年变化统计改正模型的建立

对GPS测站坐标进行非线性变化的研究和建模,是削弱测站非线性运动的有效途径。由于导致测站坐标非线性变化的机制具有多样性和复杂性,目前还未能建立一个包含多种机制影响的理论改正模型来削弱测站的非线性运动。本文基于全球近500个实测的GPS测站垂向坐标残差时间序列,研究发现了测站垂向坐标周年项的全球分布规律,并分别针对南北半球构建了两个基于实测数据的周年变化统计改正模型。试验表明,本文提出的统计改正模型能削弱全球大部分GPS测站30%~50%的垂向坐标残差。     

基于相关性分析的GPS坐标非线性变化机制研究

利用SAS相关分析软件对部分气象因素引起的全球测站坐标非线性影响进行了相关性分析;综合比较了季节性温度变化、气压负荷和干湿度因素对测站坐标变化的影响关联程度,得出温度变化引起的热胀冷缩效应和气压负荷是引起测站坐标周年非线性变化的主要影响源,其他周期非线性变化与季节性气象因素影响关联程度较低的结论。     

基于GPS测站坐标残差序列的小波工具应用与分析

利用小波工具剔除噪声的思想对全球部分GPS测站坐标残差序列进行应用试验。通过选取特定的阈值和小波基函数,成功提取出GPS测站坐标残差序列的一些非线性周期规律,对于进一步深入研究GPS测站坐标非线性变化规律有重要意义。     

GPS测站坐标非线性变化研究方法的比较与分析

以GPS测站残差时间序列为研究对象,采用自回归滑动平均模型（ARMA）的两种建模方法（Box-Jenkins方法和Pandit-Wu方法）和三角函数法对其进行建模拟合与分析比较。通过实验发现Pandit-Wu方法拟合效果最好,Box-Jenkins方法次之,三角函数法最差,但是通过不同的测站残差数据实验比较也发现三角函数法能更加直观地体现出非线性变化的规律,有利于进一步分析非线性变化规律的性质与机制,因此,同样具有深入研究的价值。     

基于GPS坐标残差序列的全球测站非线性变化规律统计

利用快速傅立叶变换(FFT)对参与ITRF2008参考框架建立的全球GPS测站坐标非线性变化规律进行了分析研究。通过分析发现,全球GPS测站坐标非线性变化规律中周年非线性变化占主要部分,周年非线性变化和半年非线性变化规律具有全球性;其他非线性变化规律不具有统一性。     

三角函数法拟合与ARMA模型拟合在上海SLR测站残差规律分析中的应用比较

综合利用三角函数法拟合与ARMA模型拟合方法对上海SLR测站坐标残差序列进行规律分析,实验结果表明:三角函数法拟合能够直观方便的拟合出残差序列中的周期规律,有助于深入研究引起残差周期规律的各种地球物理机制;而ARMA建模拟合更加适用于拟合残差序列本身,可以有效地减小剩余误差。     

参考框架的精化对GPS时间序列的影响与分析

GPS时间序列的精化解算受参考框架影响显著,本文基于ITRF2008参考框架分别设计了4种参考框架方案,通过对（112°E-124°E,30°N-39°N）范围内20个GPS测站2010年6月-2015年6月数据进行处理与统计分析,取得了如下认识：①在研究区域内增加少量连续GPS台站与全球IGS站一起组成的全球精化参考框架,可以保证解算结果的离散度稳定,并且可以抑制测站周年变化的振幅,体现出了动态参考框架的优势;②区域参考框架能够有效吸收共模误差,减弱全球刚性运动和周期性运动的影响,解算结果的精度高于全球框架,NEU单日解坐标重复性分别平均提高了13.7%、24.1%和38.0%,另外,区域参考框架N分量可能受温度变化的影响较为明显;③测站单日解坐标重复性和坐标精度均表现出季节性变化特征,每年7、8月较低。     

联合区域叠加滤波法与小波变换去除GPS站坐标时间序列噪声

GPS站坐标时间序列中存在的周期性与非周期性误差严重影响了对测站运动特征的分析及其非线性变化的物理机制解释。因此,为削弱噪声的影响,本文首先利用区域叠加滤波法去除了南加利福尼亚地区16个测站时间序列的共模误差,以此削弱时间序列中存在的包括周年和半周年误差在内的周期性误差。为去除滤波后残留的噪声,对滤波后的信号进行静态离散小波变换,提取了周期为半周年以上的信号。结果表明,联合区域叠加滤波法与小波变换对GPS站坐标时间序列进行处理,既能够削弱周期性误差对信号的影响,又能较好地提取测站的非线性运动信号。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。