基于NDVI的黄河源区生长季植被时空变化及其与气候因子的关系

为掌握黄河源区植被变化趋势及其与气候因子的关系,本研究利用2000—2013年Terra/MODIS NDVI数据和同期气温、降水资料,通过一元线性回归分析、相关分析等方法,对黄河源区生长季植被时空变化及其与气候因子进行关联分析。结果表明:黄河源区多年平均生长季NDVI整体表现为由东南向西北递减。2000—2013年,黄河源区生长季NDVI呈波动上升趋势(P0.01);生长季各期NDVI均在增加,其中生长季初期NDVI增加较显著。近十几年NDVI无显著变化区域占黄河源植被覆盖区面积的69.58%,分布广泛;极显著和显著增加区域占28.88%,集中在黄河源东北部、扎陵湖和鄂陵湖周围;极显著和显著减少区域仅占1.54%,主要以小斑块状分布在扎陵湖、鄂陵湖以上源头区。生长季NDVI与气候因子显著正相关区域和NDVI增加区域高度一致,意味着黄河源区暖湿化促进了植被生长,而降水是影响黄河源区植被生长的主导因子。气温和降水对黄河源区植被生长影响的最大时间滞后效应约为16天或32天,且气温对黄河源区植被生长的影响还具有显著的同期效应。     

2000—2014年甘肃省NDVI时空变化特征

基于甘肃省2000—2014年MODIS-NDVI遥感数据及气象数据,采用趋势分析法及相关分析法,对甘肃省归一化植被指数(NDVI)的时空变化特征进行研究,探讨了植被变化对区域气候变化的响应。结果表明:近15年,生长季及春、夏、秋季NDVI均呈增加趋势。区域尺度上,夏季NDVI增加趋势最显著,增速为0.071/10a(P<0.01);像元尺度上,生长季NDVI呈增加趋势的面积最大,呈极显著增加(P<0.01)和显著增加(0.01相似文献   

2000~2014年黑龙江流域（中国）植被覆盖时空变化及其对气候变化的响应

采用MODIS/NDVI数据,利用Theil-Sen Median 趋势分析、Mann-Kendall 以及Hurst指数方法分析2000~2014年黑龙江流域（中国）植被的时空变化特征、植被变化发展趋势及可持续性特征;应用相关分析法研究了气候变化对植被生长的影响。结果表明,2000~2014年黑龙江流域（中国）植被NDVI指数呈缓慢增加趋势,山区植被覆盖增加显著,东北部平原区植被覆盖持续退化,总体上植被覆盖持续改善能力较弱。植被NDVI对气候响应的季节差异显著,且不同类型植被对气候因子的响应不一致：春季植被NDVI主要受温度影响,夏季植被NDVI主要受降水量影响,秋季林地NDVI与温度正相关、草地NDVI与降雨量正相关。     

2000—2010年藏北申扎县植被NDVI时空变化与气候因子的关系

为揭示气候变化对申扎植被生态系统的影响,利用2000—2010年间的MODIS NDVI数据和对应的气候资料,研究了申扎县植被NDVI时空变化及其与气候因子的关系。结果表明,近10年来研究区生长季NDVI是减少趋势(p=0.069),其年均减少量和减少率分别为-0.0013和-0.55%/a。NDVI增加区域占申扎县总面积的32.78%,NDVI减少区域占总面积的67.22%。NDVI增加是高海拔的高山植被增加引起的,NDVI减少是高寒草原和高寒草甸的下降共同引起的。高寒草原比高寒草甸变化更敏感;温度升高导致的气候变暖变干可能是申扎县植被生长季NDVI减少的主要原因。     

石羊河流域上游植被时空变化及其对区域气候的响应

利用1999-2013年的SPOT-VEGETATION NDVI时间序列数据和降水、气温数据,对石羊河流域上游近15年的植被变化特征及其对降水和气温的响应关系进行了研究。结果表明:研究区NDVI的空间分布具有明显的垂直地带性;近15年中,81.3%的地区植被生长季NDVI呈增长趋势;研究区平均NDVI在春、夏、秋季及植被生长季的增长幅度分别为11.75%、9.62%、5.98%和7.75%,植被生长季在延长。气候变化对研究区植被的影响随植被类型及其生长季节的不同而具有明显差异,体现出较大的时空异质性;降水是影响研究区植被变化的主要因素。     

锡林郭勒草原植被生长对降水响应的滞后性研究

植被生长对气候因子变化的响应一直是全球气候变化研究的热点.NDVI作为植被生长的有效指示因子广泛的应用在植被遥感中.多数滞后性响应的研究基于月尺度或季节尺度的NDVI,容易夸大或缩小滞后效应,不利于滞后时间的确定.为了揭示降水对草原植被生长的有效作用尺度,本研究以2001年至2007年MODIS反射率数据和气象站点的降水为数据源,分析了时间间隔8天的内蒙古锡林郭勒盟草原生长季NDVI的变化特征以及NDVI与不同尺度的累积降水的相关关系.结果表明,年内生长期草原的NDVI变化呈单峰型,荒漠草原的NDVI变化没有草甸草原和典型草原明显.草原生长对降水存在明显的滞后,一般在50～60天,不同类型的草原滞后时间不同,但均无明显差异.同时,分析指出4～9月草原植被在不同时间段对降水响应的滞后时间分别为64、80、40、40、56和64天,特别是6月和7月份草原植被生长对降水变化的响应最为敏感.这为NDVI预测干旱提供参考.     

气候变化和工程活动对青藏铁路沿线植被指数时空变化的影响

基于1982—2015年的GIMMS NDVI3g+及同期气候数据,利用最大值合成法获得青藏铁路沿线直接影响区和生态背景区的年内NDVI最大值、年际NDVI平均值,对其进行了趋势分析、变异分析、气候相关分析和残差分析,部分结果用MODIS NDVI（2001—2018年）进行了验证。研究表明：① 青藏铁路年际NDVI高度响应气候变化和工程活动,即施工前主要响应气候变化,年际NDVI呈缓慢上升趋势;施工中主要响应工程活动,年际NDVI呈显著下降趋势;运营中响应气候变化和工程活动的综合影响,年际NDVI呈缓慢上升趋势。② 青藏铁路的工程活动对沿线植被有显著影响。即施工前直接影响区和生态背景区年际NDVI增长率相近;施工中直接影响区年际NDVI增长率低于生态背景区;运营中直接影响区年际NDVI增长率高于生态背景区。③ 研究利用时空不变量,剔除了植被覆盖的空间异质性分量、周期性绿度分量,甄别出了气候变化与工程活动的贡献量。     

甘肃中东部植被生长季NDVI时空变化及其对气候因子的响应

为分析研究生态保护与修复工程实施背景下甘肃中东部植被生长季NDVI时空变化及其对气候因子的响应，采用MODIS数据产品MOD09Q1，运用最大值合成法、趋势分析法与相关分析法，对该区域2008—2016年NDVI的时空变化特征及其对气候因子的响应进行了分析研究。结果表明：（1） 时间层面上，2008—2016年植被生长季NDVI呈现出增加的趋势，增加速率为0.001 4 a^-1，2012年增幅最大；空间层面上，2008—2016年研究区内的低山丘陵区和平原区的植被生长季增加明显；部分中起伏山地植被活动减弱。（2） 生长季NDVI对不同气候因子的响应程度不同，在P<0.05的显著性水平下，生长季NDVI对气温的变化最敏感，区域内大部分面积上二者呈现出强相关与极强相关；降水次之，以中等相关与强相关为主；太阳辐射最小，以弱相关甚至不相关为主。研究结果可为针对区域差异性并有所侧重的生态工程的实施提供相应的参考与依据，从而加强区域生态安全，进而促进国家生态安全屏障的加快建设。     

2000年以来朝鲜植被覆盖变化及其与气候因子的相关性研究

生态环境的可持续与人类福祉和生态系统服务息息相关,研究植被覆盖变化及其与气候因子的相关性,探讨植被覆盖时空变化规律,探究气候因子对植被变化的驱动机制,对预见气候因子对生态系统影响、制定生态环境可持续保护策略具有深远意义。基于此,利用美国国家航空航天局发布的MODIS NDVI数据并结合相关的气候资料,通过对像元信息进行提取与分析,采用最大合成法、克里金插值法、相关分析法等方法,对2000-2016年朝鲜全境植被覆盖变化及其与气候因子的相关性进行了研究。结果表明：朝鲜全境植被覆盖空间分布不均,北部盖马高原、东北部咸镜山区,中、东部山地丘陵区为高值区;西、南部平原地区,东部沿海地带为低值区。NDVI值整体上增加,局部减少,空间差异明显。植被生长受气温和降水双重驱动,其中,气温对植被年内生长变化比降水作用更大;而气温因素中,年平均气温对植被生长的影响程度略大,NDVI对降水的响应存在明显滞后效应;NDVI对温度和降水的响应程度与空间地理位置、高程有关。区域植被NDVI年际变化主要受年最低气温和人类活动的影响。     

植被NDVI对城市扩展及气候变化的响应——以西安及其附近区域为例

植被 NDVI 对城市扩展及气候变化响应研究,对于科学评估区域生态环境变化及调整与约束人类活动具有重要理论和现实意义。以西安及其附近区域为例,基于区域土地利用、MODIS NDVI、气温和降水数据,分析了植被 NDVI 对城市扩展及气候变化的响应,结果表明：（1）2000-2014 年研究区植被 NDVI 变化过程划分为2000-2007 年的显著增加阶段和2007-2014 年的显著减少阶段,前者主要分布于区域北部黄土高原、南部秦岭北坡,后者主要分布于区域中部关中平原尤其是西安及其附近区域。（2）2000-2015 年研究区建设用地增加1 428.27 km² ,建设用地增加区域植被 NDVI 呈显著减少趋势。（3）研究区植被 NDVI 与年降水量的相关性高于年平均气温,同时西安及其以南区域植被 NDVI 与年平均气温、年降水量均呈负相关关系,反映出城市扩展等人类活动对植被 NDVI 变化的影响超过了气候变化的影响。研究结果表明植被 NDVI 总体受气候变化控制,但局部受人类活动影响更为严重,并且植被 NDVI 对气候变化的响应表现出波动性,而对城市扩展表现出线性减少趋势性,为通过植被 NDVI 变化区分自然因素与人为因素对环境影响提供了可能。     

2000-2011 年三江源区植被覆盖时空变化特征

基于MODIS-NDVI 数据,辅以线性趋势分析、Hurst 指数及偏相关系数等方法,本文从三个尺度分析了近12 年三江源区植被覆盖时空变化特征、未来趋势及其驱动因素。结果表明:(1) 近12 年三江源区植被覆盖呈现增加趋势,增速为1.2%/10a,其中长江源区、黄河源区植被均呈增加趋势,而澜沧江源区植被呈下降趋势。(2) 三江源区植被覆盖具有显著的区域差异,且NDVI频度呈现“双峰”结构。(3) 近12 年三江源区植被覆盖呈增加趋势和减少趋势的面积分别占64.06%和35.94%,且表现为源区北部增加、南部减少的空间格局。(4) 三江源区植被变化的反向特征显著,植被变化由改善趋势转为退化趋势的区域主要分布在长江源区和黄河源区的北部,而由退化趋势转为改善趋势的区域主要分布在澜沧江源区。(5) 三江源区植被对降水和潜在蒸散的响应存在时滞现象,而对气温的响应不存在时滞现象。(6) 三江源区植被覆盖的增加主要归因于气候暖湿化以及生态保护工程的实施。     

Spatiotemporal changes in vegetation coverage and its driving factors in the Three-River Headwaters Region during 2000–2011简

The Three-River Headwaters Region （TRHR）, which is the source area of the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Lancang River, is of key importance to the ecological secu- rity of China. Because of climate changes and human activities, ecological degradation oc- curred in this region. Therefore, ＂The nature reserve of Three-River Sou,＇ce Regions＂ was established, and ＂The project of ecological protection and construction for the Three-River Headwaters Nature Reserve＂ was implemented by the Chinese government. This study, based on MODIS-NDVI and climate data, aims to analyze the spatiotemporal changes in vegetation coverage and its driving factors in the TRHR between 2000 and 2011, from three dimensions. Linear regression, Hurst index analysis, and partial correlation analysis were employed. The results showed the following： （1） In the past 12 years （2000-2011）, the NDVI of the study area increased, with a linear tendency being 1.2%/10a, of which the Yangtze and Yellow River source regions presented an increasing trend, while the Lancang River source region showed a decreasing trend. （2） Vegetation coverage presented an obvious spatial difference in the TRHR, and the NDVI frequency was featured by a bimodal structure. （3） The area with improved vegetation coverage was larger than the degraded area, being 64.06% and 35.94%, respectively during the study period, and presented an increasing trend in the north and a decreasing trend in the south. （4） The reverse characteristics of vegetation cov- erage change are significant. In the future, degradation trends will be mainly found in the Yangtze River Basin and to the north of the Yellow River, while areas with improving trends are mainly distributed in the Lancang River Basin. （5） The response of vegetation coverage to precipitation and potential evapotranspiration has a time lag, while there is no such lag in the case of temperature. （6） The increased vegetation coverage is mainly attributed to the warm-wet climate change and the implementation of the ecological protection project.     

Spatiotemporal changes in vegetation coverage and its driving factors in the Three-River Headwaters Region during 2000-2011

The Three-River Headwaters Region (TRHR),which is the source area of the Yangtze River,Yellow River,and Lancang River,is of key importance to the ecological security of China. Because of climate changes and human activities,ecological degradation occurred in this region. Therefore,"The nature reserve of Three-River Source Regions" was established,and "The project of ecological protection and construction for the Three-River Headwaters Nature Reserve" was implemented by the Chinese government. This study,based on MODIS-NDVI and climate data,aims to analyze the spatiotemporal changes in vegetation coverage and its driving factors in the TRHR between 2000 and 2011,from three dimensions. Linear regression,Hurst index analysis,and partial correlation analysis were employed. The results showed the following:(1) In the past 12 years (2000-2011),the NDVI of the study area increased,with a linear tendency being 1.2%/10a,of which the Yangtze and Yellow River source regions presented an increasing trend,while the Lancang River source region showed a decreasing trend. (2) Vegetation coverage presented an obvious spatial difference in the TRHR,and the NDVI frequency was featured by a bimodal structure. (3) The area with improved vegetation coverage was larger than the degraded area,being 64.06% and 35.94%,respectively during the study period,and presented an increasing trend in the north and a decreasing trend in the south. (4) The reverse characteristics of vegetation coverage change are significant. In the future,degradation trends will be mainly found in the Yangtze River Basin and to the north of the Yellow River,while areas with improving trends are mainly distributed in the Lancang River Basin. (5) The response of vegetation coverage to precipitation and potential evapotranspiration has a time lag,while there is no such lag in the case of temperature. (6) The increased vegetation coverage is mainly attributed to the warm-wet climate change and the implementation of the ecological protection project.     

江河源区NDVI时空变化及其与气候因子的关系(英文)

The source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers are important water conservation areas of China. In recent years, ecological deterioration trend of the source regions caused by global climate change and unreasonable resource development increased gradually. In this paper, the spatial distribution and dynamic change of vegetation cover in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers are analyzed in recent 10 years based on 1-km resolution multitemporal SPOTVGT-DN data from 1998 to 2007. Meanwhile, the correlation relationships between air temperature, precipitation, shallow ground temperature and NDVI, which is 3×3 pixel at the center of Wudaoliang, Tuotuohe, Qumalai, Maduo, and Dari meteorological stations were analyzed. The results show that the NDVI values in these two source regions are increasing in recent 10 years. Spatial distribution of NDVI which was consistent with hydrothermal condition decreased from southeast to northwest of the source regions. NDVI with a value over 0.54 was mainly distributed in the southeastern source region of the Yellow River, and most NDVI values in the northwestern source region of the Yangtze River were less than 0.22. Spatial changing trend of NDVI has great difference and most parts in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers witnessed indistinct change. The regions with marked increasing trend were mainly distributed on the south side of the Tongtian River, some part of Keqianqu, Tongtian, Chumaer, and Tuotuo rivers in the source region of the Yangtze River and Xingsuhai, and southern Dari county in the source region of the Yellow River. The regions with very marked increasing tendency were mainly distributed on the south side of Tongtian Rriver and sporadically distributed in hinterland of the source region of the Yangtze River. The north side of Tangula Range in the source region of the Yangtze River and Dari and Maduo counties in the source region of the Yellow River were areas in which NDVI changed with marked decreasing tendency. The NDVI change was980 Journal of Geographical Sciences positively correlated with average temperature, precipitation and shallow ground temperature. Shallow ground temperature had the greatest effect on NDVI change, and the second greatest factor influencing NDVI was average temperature. The correlation between NDVI and shallow ground temperature in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers increased significantly with the depth of soil layer.     

近20年来黄河流域植被覆盖变化分析

利用1982～1999年AVHRR-NDVI数据和对应年份黄河流域气象观测数据，通过计算、分析春季、夏汛及伏秋黄河流域NDVI距平值和湿润指数距平值的年际变化，得出了20世纪80年代至90年代初黄河流域气候相对湿润，90年代中后期相对干旱，植被覆盖状况总体一直处于上升趋势的结论，并评估了黄河流域近20年来生态保护和建设工作成效。     

气候变化和生态建设对秦岭—淮河南北植被动态的影响

论文基于2000—2019年秦岭—淮河南北MODIS-NDVI植被覆盖数据,对中国南北过渡带植被时空变化进行分析,并探讨植被动态变化驱动因素。结果表明：① 在趋势变化上,2000—2019年秦岭—淮河南北植被显著恢复。其中,秦巴山区植被恢复面积占比最高,其次是巫山山区和关中平原;植被退化区面积占比仅为6.4%,主要分布于长三角城市群。② 在气候因素上,NDVI变化与气温显著相关(P<0.05)面积占比为9.1%,低于降水(13.1%)和日照时数(14.5%)显著区域,无显著相关区域分布面积最广,说明在关键生长季(5—9月),区域水热条件较好,植被年际波动受气候变化影响区域较少。③ 在驱动因素上,受气候因素和生态建设驱动绿化占比分别为19.2%和30.0%,其中,生态建设驱动绿化区与秦巴山区、大别山生态修复工程,川东、长江中下游撂荒地空间格局一致,说明耕地转为生态用地是区域植被快速恢复的主要原因。研究结果对量化湿润—半湿润地区植被驱动因素,优化生态建设评估模型具有启示意义。     

近13 a来黄河源区高寒草地物候的时空变异性

以8 d合成的500 m空间分辨率的MODIS [NDVI]时序数据为基础,利用非对称高斯函数拟合法和比值阈值法对2000-2012年黄河源区高寒草地生长季始期（SOG）、生长季末期（EOG）、生长季长度（LOG）的时空变化进行了研究。结果表明：黄河源区高寒草地多在第126～140 d开始生长,到第277～290 d逐渐停止生长,LOG多集中在140～160 d。由东南向西北,随水热条件变化,SOG 逐渐推迟,EOG逐渐提前,LOG逐渐缩短。物候的海拔分异明显,随海拔升高,SOG逐渐延迟,EOG逐渐提前,LOG逐渐缩短。2000-2012年,黄河源区高寒草地SOG显著提前,EOG基本不变,LOG显著延长。SOG提前、EOG推迟、LOG延长的区域主要分布在黄河源区西北部和西南部,而SOG推迟、EOG提前、LOG缩短的区域主要分布在黄河源区中部,其中LOG延长和缩短区域分别占植被区面积的82.77% 和17.23%。黄河源区高寒草地物候的年际变化在不同海拔上分异显著。高海拔地区SOG与LOG变化幅度均超过了低海拔地区,而EOG变化幅度相当。春季、秋季气温升高可能是引起黄河源区高寒草地SOG提前和EOG推迟的主要原因。     

1982-2006 年中国东部春季植被变化的区域差异

分析了中国东部1982-2006 年4-5 月归一化差值植被指数(NDVI) 的空间格局和变化趋势空间分布,通过聚类分析辨识了植被活动变化过程的主要模态,并探讨了他们与温度和降水变化的相关关系。结果表明：(1) 多年平均的春季植被活动呈现南强北弱的分布特征,由强到弱的过渡带大约位于34°~39°N;(2) 1982-2006 年,华北平原、呼伦贝尔草原和洞庭湖平原的春季植被活动呈显著增强的趋势,其中华北平原NDVI 增速高达0.03/10 年(r² = 0.52;p <0.001),长三角和珠三角地区则呈显著减弱的趋势,其中长三角地区NDVI减速达-0.016/10 年(r² = 0.24;p = 0.014);(3) 1982-2006 年春季植被活动变化过程的区域差异鲜明,并呈现层次性特征,首先是长三角和珠三角与其他地区的差异,前者呈减弱趋势,后者呈增强趋势,其次是呼伦贝尔草地、华北以及江南—华南地区与东北地区、内蒙古东部和东南部及长江下游地区的差异,前者持续增强,后者以1998 年为分界点先增强后减弱,再次是各个模态年际变率的差异;(4) 半湿润—半干旱的草地和农田区植被活动与降水量变化显著正相关,半湿润—湿润的森林区植被活动与温度变化显著正相关,温度或者降水最高能解释NDVI 60%的方差。     

藏东南三江并流核心区植被时空动态变化及其气候驱动力分析

植被生长状况及其分布对气候等影响因子的响应是当前生态学研究的热点之一。基于2000—2016年MODIS NDVI数据和气象数据,用Sen+Mann-Kendall等方法分析了藏东南三江并流核心区植被的时空变化及其与气候因子的关系。研究结果表明：① 该区植被覆盖整体趋于稳定,呈缓慢增加趋势,不同植被类型覆盖空间异质性明显。② 植被变化趋势结果显示植被覆盖变化以稳定不变和改善趋势为主,区域总体呈稳中向好态势。③ 相关分析表明植被NDVI增加主要与气候暖化有关,与降水量相关性较小。此外,人类活动对植被影响的双重性表现为：大多地区植被改善受生态工程和围栏禁牧政策影响,局部地区植被退化则与城镇化进程加快有关。研究结果揭示气温是影响植被格局的主要气候因子,了解影响植被变化及其驱动因素的空间变异性可为山地植被生态环境保护建设提供一定的科学依据。     

The 30m-NDVI-based Alpine Grassland Changes and Climate Impacts in the Three-River Headwaters Region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1990 to 2018

The response of long-term vegetation changes and climate change has been a hot topic in recent research. Previously, a Landsat-based fusion model was developed and used to produce a dataset of normalized vegetation index (NDVI) for the Three-River Headwater region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with a spatial resolution of 30 m and the time spanning the nearly 30 years from 1990 to 2018. In this study, the NDVI was applied to an analysis of the spatial and temporal changes in the alpine grassland and the impacts from climate change using the Theil-Sen Median method and linear regression. The results showed that: (1) The regional mean NDVI was 0.39 and showed a spatial pattern of decreasing from the southeast to the northwest in the recent three decades. Among the three parks, the Lancang River Park had the highest NDVI (0.43), followed by the Yellow River Park (0.38) and Yangtze River Park (0.23). (2) An upward trending was found in the NDVI time series at a rate of 0.0031 yr^-1 (R² =0.62, P < 0.01) over the whole period of 1990-2018. The increasing rate (0.00649 yr^-1, R² =0.71, P < 0.01) in the latter period of 2005-2018 was nearly 2.3 times of that (0.00284 yr^-1, R² =0.31, P < 0.01) in the previous period of 1990-2005. In the latest periods, the three parks experienced rates that were 2.3 to 63 times the corresponding values in the early period. (3) The NDVI is correlated more positively with temperature than precipitation. The impacts of climate change decreased along with the coverage fraction from the higher, median and then lower levels. The climate change can explain 34% of the variability in the NDVI time series of the areas with a higher fraction of grassland coverage, while it was 31% for the median fraction and 20% for the lower fraction. This study is the first to use the 30 m NDVI dataset spanning nearly 30 years to analyze the spatial and temporal variability and climate impacts in the alpine grasslands of the Three-River Headwater region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The results provide a basis for assessments on the ecological management effects and ecological quality based on long-term baseline data with a higher spatial resolution.