土耳其卡赞天然碱溶采对接井堵井原因分析及修复

土耳其卡赞天然碱矿由于地质条件复杂,首采层不溶物含量高,矿层倾角大,在商业开采过程中易发生堵井事故。本文以P078水平对接井组为例,介绍了其施工工艺和注采井史,分析了引起井组堵塞的原因。遵循“先易后难、降低风险、控制成本”的原则,先后进行了直井单井循环、固井泵车压井和循环泥浆清理井底等各种尝试,最后提出了分支侧钻重新连通的技术方案,并成功修复了溶采通道,恢复了井组的正常生产。并在钻井施工组织、修井设计与施工和溶采作业等方面提出了建议。该技术对类似故障井组的修复具有一定的指导作用和借鉴意义。     

宁晋石盐田Y9-Y10井组对接连通钻修井技术

随着水平对接连通技术不断地发展与完善,各个领域都开始引用,盐井采卤引用该技术更是取得了良好的效果。宁晋石盐田为组建采卤生产井组,决定对已完井多年的Y10井先进行修井,然后新建水平定向井Y9井对接连通。从井身结构、钻具组合、钻井液配方、钻进参数和钻进过程等多方面对两井组的对接连通进行了系统的总结,为该区以后卤水的开采提供了地质依据与实践经验。     

多靶点长距离水平对接连通井施工工艺

H050井是土耳其Beypazari天然碱矿四期工程施工的一口水平井,按照原有施工设计,H050井需要与另外一口垂直井V050对接连通,形成一个溶采单元。由于此井组处于矿区边缘,为了保证溶采通道落在主矿层里,对施工设计进行修改,在H050井和V050井之间增设3个靶井。然而中间3个靶井的设计井位处于悬崖边和老井边,因此将设计井位挪至便于施工的位置,施工时采用定向钻进,使靶井的井底靶区回到指定区域,最终,H050成功连通4个靶井,并实现长距离水平钻进。本文结合施工实践,总结了几点多靶井连通施工的技术关键,为类似钻井施工提供借鉴和参考。     

对水力压裂连通井的认识

Ｙ,Ｄ,Ｌ井组是平顶山盐厂仅有的三对水力压裂连通井组,也是平顶山盐厂卤水的主要产供者,Ｙ井组为设计水力压裂连通井组,Ｄ,Ｌ组为改造连通井组,由原对流单井改造而成。本文通过三井组连通通道所处层位的判断及其运行特点的解析,对两种连通井组作出比较,并对平顶山盐田采卤方法提出建议。『     

H024U井施工工艺及精确中靶技术措施

水平井H024U用于连通第一靶点直井V024和第二靶点直井V024U。在该井组施工过程中,采用了先进的对接井施工工艺与具有高技术含量和自主知识产权的高精度磁测中靶系统。结合土耳其贝帕扎里天然碱矿三期工程16口水平井的施工经验,精心设计和控制钻井参数,以最佳准确度成功命中第二靶点,实现了井组精确连通的目的。     

老盐井组井型互换再利用工程实践

水平钻井连通水溶采卤一直是开采井矿盐资源最常用和最经济有效的手段,但由于地层条件复杂、饱和卤水结晶、套管破损等因素造成盐井组采卤运行过程中通道堵塞,一直是制约盐井组运行年限的主要原因。近些年,对堵塞井组修治常用方法有憋压、通井、开窗侧钻,其中水平井开窗侧钻重新对接现有溶腔在很多盐田区块修井中被广泛应用。在河北宁晋石盐田Y2-Y4井组修井过程中,存在老溶腔无法再利用的情况,此时老溶腔成为井组二次对接的“累赘”。在该区块首次采用井组井型互换（水平井改直井,直井改水平井）的方法,避开了老溶腔,实现了老井组的再利用。     

渤海SZ油田井间单砂体连通性判别及定量评价

针对渤海SZ油田采用合注合采生产方式,测试资料少,难以有效判别井间储层连通性的问题,提出了一种基于单砂体(Miall的4级构型单元)解剖成果,结合调整井水淹状况,通过单砂体侧向接触类型判别井间储层连通性的方法,同时引入非连通厚度和非连通比例指标的概念从静态角度对单砂体连通关系进行定量评价,克服了注采对应率等指标仅能反映采油井连通状况,而无法全面、真实反映井间注采连通状况的局限性。利用新指标可以对不同井组注采连通状况进行定量评价,直观展示出不同井组注采连通状况的差异,进而指导油田进一步完善局部注采井网、释放剩余油潜力。以新指标为依据,指出了注采连通状况较差的潜力井组,并在潜力井组部署试验井,试验井实际生产状况与指标预测结果一致,证实新指标效果较好,可以为同类型油田进行连通性判别及连通状况定量表征提供借鉴。     

套管开窗侧钻在定向对接连通井钻井中的应用

利用两口老井，其中一口进行开窗侧钻，与另一口对接连通进行水溶取矿。该技术先后运用定斜器定向定位，套管开窗磨铣，随钻定向造斜，矿层水平钻进，对接连通。综合了套管开窗侧钻技术和水平对接连通技术，该技术在老水溶矿区具有广泛的应用前景。     

连通井组分层二次对接开采技术浅析

本文简述了湖南省湘澧盐化二采区延伸区连通井组基本情况。以A121-A122水平对接井为例,对直井A121井上部盐层采取爆破方式破除封隔的套管及水泥环,下中心管建槽形成溶腔。对A122水平井采取开窗侧钻定向水平钻进与A121井溶腔连通,达到开采上部盐层的目的。该方法可供类似盐类矿床连通井组多层分层对接开采,具有一定的参考价值。     

勘探技术研究所土耳其对接井二期工程提前顺利竣工

本刊讯 2006年12月1日11时52分（土耳其当地时间凌晨5时52分），贝帕扎里碱矿施工现场传来令人振奋的消息：P007A井组成功连通!至此，勘探技术研究所土耳其钻井二期工程29对井组全部实现水平定向钻进对接连通。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with