太阳选址全国日照条件分析

利用国家气象信息中心气象资料室整编的中国756个基本、基准气象站在1971～2000年间的日照时数和日照百分率年值、月值数据集,研究了全国范围的日照条件,结合1951～2008年间我国云量、水汽要素资料,分析了影响日照的因素.研究结果表明,我国日照时数和日照百分率的分布形势一致,东南少而西北多,从东南向西北递增.在我国东部地区日照时数由南向北逐步递增,西部地区日照条件整体好于东部,符合常规.藏西南狮泉河一带日照条件最优;40°N纬度带附近和藏南地区次之,江南华南、四川盆地以及云贵高原东部地区的日照条件较差;其余地区日照条件居中.日照时数受云量、水汽要素的影响,呈负相关关系.     

天文选址的夜间云量处理方法

云量是影响天文台址质量最重要的因素之一,对夜间云量的检测和处理尤为重要.采用地面云量相机对全天云量进行监测,所拍摄的图像需要有效的方法进行处理以量化云量.夜间云量图像受月光的影响严重,因此将夜间的云量图像分为有月夜和无月夜两类进行处理.针对无月夜情况,给出了夜间云量的处理过程.对图像中的亮星进行定位和测光,确定星等差.以晴夜图像中亮星的星等差为参照,将星等差低于阈值条件的亮星概率作为晴夜的概率标准.选取了3类图像对该方法进行测试并确定云量,分析了阈值条件对结果的影响.最后,讨论了该方法的适用范围和不确定性.     

基于数据融合的电离层VTEC反演精度分析

随着空间目标活动和卫星导航系统的增多,观测电离层数据的途径越来越多,探测精度也越来越高.在Kalman滤波的基础上,利用2016年的国际参考电离层(IRI-2016)模型中电离层垂直电子含量(Vertical Total Electron Content, VTEC),结合地基反演得到的VTEC值,利用数据融合算法提高电离层VTEC的近实时反演精度.针对加拿大附近高纬度区域(130°W–150°W, 60°N–70°N)、朝鲜、韩国和日本周边中纬度区域(115°E–135°E, 32.5°N–42.5°N)、洪都拉斯和危地马拉附近低纬度区域(80°W–100°W, 10°N–20°N)进行了观测,比较发现地基反演和数据融合技术得到的电离层VTEC精度都比较高,但是数据融合得到的电离层VTEC在3个区域的精度都明显更好.该算法能够很好地应用在地面基准站数量较多的区域,同时也能应用在地面基准站数量较少或者海洋、沙漠等布设地面基准站不方便的区域,提高电离层VTEC的精度.     

卫星云图和云南天文观测台址的筛选

本文通过对ＮＯＡＡ－１０，１１两颗气象卫星１９８９年５月至１９９０年４月的云图资料，在作等经纬度投影处理和定标，定位订正的基础上，利用红外域值方法，对东经９９°—１０４°，北纬２３．５°—２８．５°云南区域内３１个天文台址侯选点的云量进行了统计和计算，得到几个云量最少的候选点。此外，我们还对卫星云图ＣＣ≤３的晴日晴夜和三十年地面气象观测资料中ＣＣ≤２的晴天数作了相关分析，发现它们之间具有很好的相关性。云图和地面资料综合分析表明：（１）永仁的俄尼刀博，姚安的老官山，元谋气象区的白露，祥云的大营后山，宾川的小鸡山，华坪的蘑菇山，宁蒗的他尔布子都是较理想的候选点。（２）俄尼刀博，老官山和白露可用夜（ＣＣ≤３）预计可超过２５０夜。因此应列为下一步选址的重点。     

2011年1月 日、月及行星动态

太阳 月初,太阳的视赤经、视赤纬为18时43分43秒、-23°03′26″;月末,太阳的视赤经、视赤纬为20时52分10秒、-17°34′48″。本月太阳由人马座运行到摩羯座。4日17时日偏食,太平洋极东北部、非洲北部、欧洲（除极北部）、亚洲西部、阿拉伯海北部可见。     

2010年7月日、月及行星动态

太阳月初,太阳的视赤经、视赤纬为6时39．5分、＋23°07．7’;月末,太阳的视赤经、视赤纬为8时40．5分、＋18°20．5’。本月太阳由双子座运行到巨蟹座。12日4时日全食,全食带从南太平洋西部开始,经过大洋洲东部、智利南部,在阿根廷南部结束,我国不可见。     

姚安天文观测站的夜间红外云量特征分析

云对天文观测具有重要影响,云量是衡量天文台址质量的重要指标.位于姚安天文观测站的红外云量仪,用于获取实时的全天高空间分辨率云图.结合空间碎片的实际观测,严格按照天文夜对累积1yr(2015-08-01—2016-07-31)的夜间云量数据进行统计和分析.姚安站的年平均夜间云量为4.42成,年天文可用夜为236个,其中测光夜98个,半测光夜44个,光谱夜94个.云量具有明显的两季特征:5月至10月间为雨季,云量显著增多,其中7月份观测条件最差;11月至次年4月为旱季,云量较少,每月的天文可用夜均在23个以上,其中1月份的测光夜最多,3月份的天文可用夜最多.结合云层对天文观测的威胁程度,统计不同云量的总时间和每月的云量分布情况,评估观测站的气象条件,为合理安排观测计划提供参考.     

川西无名山天文址点GIS分析研究

随着西部天文选址工作在川西无名山地区的逐步深入,利用地理信息科学(Geographic Information System,GIS)手段收集了大量长期数据,对无名山及周边地区的地理、地质、气候、气象、社会与人口发展趋势等方面开展了详细的调查研究.资料分析结果显示:无名山地处青藏高原向东延伸的褶皱地带—典型的横断山脉地区,形成地势整体落差大、山脊走势平缓、地质结构稳定的特色.无名山区域最高点海拔高度超过5000 m,但附近存在海拔仅2000–3000 m的人口定居点多处,可实现低成本后勤保障;鲜有地震泥石流等不良地质灾害记录;大气干燥、植被稀少、地表半干旱状态;常年盛行西南风,冬季气候寒冷、降雨量稀少,夏季受南部印度洋暖湿气流影响存在明显的雨季;属大香格里拉核心地带,大气洁净度高,无沙尘暴等恶劣天气记录;年均云量少于5成,风向稳定、风速小,可利用晴日/夜数多;人口稀少、经济发展缓慢、社会和谐稳定、远离川滇藏经济相对发达地区;近年来随着本地区旅游资源开发,交通条件得到明显改善,具备高质量公路维护与日常航空运输能力,鲜有其他高原地区常见的大雪封山、航空停运等运输不畅情形发生.因此,GIS综合分析结果表明:无名山地区满足建设高海拔天文观测站的一系列基本保障条件,是我国西部难得的光学/红外天文址点资源.     

红外尘泡N109中的恒星形成

与电离氢区成协的红外尘泡是研究恒星形成尤其是触发恒星形成的理想天体实验室。利用多波段数据对银河系中最大的尘泡之一N109进行了研究,分析了它对其近邻介质及其中恒星形成活动的影响。研究发现N109周围存在56个致密团块,主要分布在正北部和西部。它们均可能形成恒星,其中5个很可能形成大质量恒星,而其他的均可能形成小质量恒星。在这两个区域还存在5个袖珍电离氢区,意味着新一代的大质量恒星形成。此外,还观测到与N109成协的电离氢区的膨胀正在挤压正北和西部星际介质的迹象。这些结果共同表明红外尘泡N109正在通过电离氢区膨胀作用于周围介质,并通过挤压的方式再聚集物质,为新一代恒星形成提供了场所,这可能为触发恒星形成提供了一个必要的条件。     

我国天文气候特点及潜在（光学／红外）优良台址探讨

收集了我国１９７８─１９８６年和１９９０年，共１０年时间的１９２个地面气象站每天四次总云量的观测资料，分别计算了北京时间０８ｈ，０２ｈ和０８ｈ以及２０ｈ，０２ｈ和０８ｈ的无云概率。分析结果表明：我国所处的天文气候条件的大环境并非是世界上最好的，但在国内相对较好的区域里，精心挑选出受局部地形影响形成的较好台址还是有可能的。     

The Kilo-Degree Survey

The Kilo Degree Survey (KiDS) is a 1500 square degree optical imaging survey with the recently commissioned OmegaCAM wide-field imager on the VLT Survey Telescope (VST). A suite of data products will be delivered to the European Southern Observatory (ESO) and the community by the KiDS survey team. Spread over Europe, the KiDS team uses Astro-WISE as its main tool to collaborate efficiently and pool hardware resources. In Astro-WISE the team shares, calibrates and archives all survey data. The data-centric architectural design realizes a dynamic ‘live archive’ in which new KiDS survey products of improved quality can be shared with the team and eventually the full astronomical community in a flexible and controllable manner.     

丽江高美古的二期选址—筛选点的筛选

介绍了丽江高美古二期选址的筛选工作，经过踏勘确定高美古周围山头的10个点为筛选点，采用小型轻便望远镜于1998年10月16至1999年1月27日进行目视衍射环观测，并对取得的资料作了处理、分析和初步探讨。观测发现各点的视宁度没有明显差别，6     

Sloan Digital Sky Survey

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey is a project which will produce a detailed digital phometric map of half the northern sky to about 23 magnitude using a special purpose wide field telescope of 2.5 meter aperture. This map will be used to select about a million galaxies and 100,000 quasars, for which high resolution spectra will be obtained using the same telescope. A catalog will be produced of all the detected objects, about 100 million galaxies and a similar number of stars, and a million quasar candidates.     

The ultraluminous and hyperluminous infrared galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey and 6dF Galaxy Survey

We present a result of cross-correlating the Infrared Astronomical Satellite Faint Source Catalogue with the spectroscopic catalogues of galaxies in the Fourth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, the Final Data Release of the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS) and the Second Data Release of the 6dF Galaxy Survey. We have identified 324 ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) including 190 newly discovered ULIRGs, and two hyperluminous infrared galaxies. Adding these new ULIRGs, we increase the number of known ULIRGs by about 30 per cent. The reliability of the cross-correlation is estimated using the likelihood ratio method. The incompleteness of our sample introduced by the identification procedure in this study is estimated to be about 5 per cent. Our sample covers the redshift range of   z = 0.037–0.517  with a median redshift of     , which is larger than that     of the sample of previously known ULIRGs.     

The Nearby Field Galaxy Survey

We report on our observing programme to obtain integrated spectrophotometry, intermediate- and high-resolution major-axis spectra, and UBR surface photometry of a representative sample of ∼ 200galaxies in the nearby field. The main goal of this programme is to provide a comparison sample for high-redshift studies and to study the variation in star formation rates (SFRs), star formation history (SFH),excitation, metallicity, and internal kinematics over a wide range of galaxy luminosities and morphological types. In particular, we extend the work of Kennicutt (1992) to lower-luminosity systems. We present the main results of our analysis so far. In these proceedings, we condense the two atlases presented of 1) images and radial surface brightness profiles and colour profiles, and 2) images and integrated spectra into several example images, profiles and spectra, showing the general trends observed. For the original atlases we refer the reader to the electronic distribution on CDROM or as available on the Web at http://www.astro.rug.nl/∼nfgs/. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) is going to carry out a uniform survey of π steradians of the sky in the Northern Galactic cap and ∼ 225 deg² in the Southern Hemisphere. The survey consists of a photometric and a spectroscopic survey. The SDSS will generate accurate photometry in five bands of approximately tens of millions of galaxies, tens of millions of stars and roughly a million quasars. It will also take spectra and measure redshifts of approximately a million galaxies and ten thousand quasars. The main characteristics and components of the survey are a dedicated 2.5m telescope, wide field correctors for photometry and spectroscopy that will provide a field of view of ∼ 3 degrees, a photometric camera with 30 photometric and 22 astrometric CCDs, and two fibre-fed spectrographs of 320 fibres each. The survey will produce a publicly available science database of Terabytes dimensions. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Radio-Optical Imaging of ATLBS Survey

We present the radio-optical imaging of ATLBS, a sensitive radio survey (Subrahmanyan et al. 2010). The primary aim of the ATLBS survey is to image low-power radio sources which form the bulk of the radio source population to moderately high red-shifts (z ∼ 1.0). The accompanying multiband optical and near infra-red observations provide information about the hosts and environments of the radio sources. We give here details of the imaging of the radio data and optical data for the ATLBS survey.     

A Complete Microjansky Radio Survey

The Phoenix Deep Survey is an ongoing multi-wavelength survey of a 2^° diameter field aimed at studying the properties of the sub-mJy and μJy radio population. Here, we present the latest 1.4 GHz observations of this field. The new data, reaching a 5 σ flux level of 45 μJy at the centre of a 50′ diameter field, comprise more than 700 sources with flux densities less than 1 mJy (187 of which have S_1.4 < 100 μJy). This provides one of the deepest radio (1.4 GHz) surveys currently available. The 1.4 GHz source counts are presented and show a flattening down to the 50 μJy level. At flux densities around 300 μJy there are indications that the sources detected may exhibit higher clustering than those observed at higher flux levels. This suggests that deep radio surveys could be useful for studies of large-scale structure but it also presents a warning for the representativity of sources in deep pencil-beam radio surveys. The study of the optical counterparts of the μJy population seems to indicate that the median R magnitude starts to decrease below 100 μJy. Spectroscopic classification of a sample of sources in this survey confirms the trend for an increasing fraction of star-forming galaxies over other systems down to ～ 100 μJy.