应用MODIS遥感数据监测巢湖水质

以巢湖为研究对象,对MODIS的各个波段辐射率与水质参数叶绿素a浓度、悬浮物浓度和透明度进行拟合,分析了MODIS各个波段辐射率的拟合在监测大型内陆湖泊水质中的可行性.结果表明:MODIS波段辐射率的组合能与巢湖水质参数进行较好的匹配,MODIS波段1—4和10—11对于监测巢湖中叶绿素a浓度、悬浮物浓度和透明度有重要意义.     

基于环境一号卫星高光谱遥感数据的巢湖水体叶绿素a浓度反演

三波段模型是基于生物光学模型构建的叶绿素a浓度反演半分析模型,是目前反演内陆富营养化浑浊水体叶绿素a浓度效果较好的方法.本文通过星地同步实验,分析巢湖水体各组分光谱特征,分别基于地面实测数据与环境一号卫星高光谱遥感数据建立三波段模型反演巢湖水体叶绿素a浓度.结果表明,由于特征波段在不同数据源的位置不同,导致了两个模型波段选择及反演精度的差异.因此,只有在充分考虑遥感数据的光谱特征的条件下,分析遥感信息理论和实际图幅影像有效结合在一起的地物信息,才能进一步优化三波段模型的波段选择,实现遥感数据定量反演水体叶绿素a浓度的目标.     

叶绿素a浓度的动态峰反演方法

叶绿素a是影响内陆水体光学特性的主要水色要素之一.作为反映水体富营养化程度的重要参数指标,国内外学者发展了大量的算法和模型进行水体中叶绿素a浓度的遥感反演.这些算法均使用固定的波段位置.叶绿素a的特征谱段随着其浓度的变化存在一定的位移,尤其是701nm反射峰,其存在着明显的"红移"现象,因此使用固定波段势必带来一定的误差.通过对不同叶绿素a浓度水样的光谱曲线分析,提出动态峰反演叶绿素a浓度的方法.使用反射峰范围最大值和吸收谷范围最小值,而不是固定波长位置进行建模,以求获得更高的反演精度.     

NDCI法Ⅱ类水体叶绿素a浓度高光谱遥感数据估算

以太湖、巢湖为研究区,以Hyperion和HJ-1A卫星HSI高光谱数据以及实测水质浓度数据为实验数据,引入归一化叶绿素指数(NDCI),对Ⅱ类水体的高光谱叶绿素a浓度估算进行分析研究.首先对高光谱数据的光谱通道设置以及水体光谱特征进行分析,研究确定模型的最优波段.然后,将确定最优波段后的NDCI反射率因子作为变量与实测样本点数据进行回归分析,得到NDCI与叶绿素a浓度之间的回归关系,进行叶绿素a浓度的估算.与常用的比值法、一阶微分法和三波段法相比,NDCI的性能优于这3种方法,表明NDCI是一种计算简单、估算精度高、实用性强的Ⅱ类水体叶绿素a浓度估算方法.     

MODIS水色产品在黄东海域的真实性检验

水色产品的真实性检验无论对于算法的改进还是后续应用的可靠性保障来说都是十分重要的.中国近海是世界上最为浑浊的海域之一,NASA标准MODIS水色产品在该海域的精度十分有限.然而,局限于高质量海上实测数据的获取,相关的检验工作并未得到有效开展.利用2003年春季和秋季黄东海航次的实测数据对MODISAqua标准水色产品中的归一化离水辐亮度LWN(λ)(转换成遥感反射率Rrs(λ))和叶绿素a浓度(Chl.a)进行了真实性检验分析.采用3×3像元和±3h作为时空匹配窗口,并根据空间均匀性判识准则进行了数据剔除.基于验证数据(中低混浊水体)的分析,得到初步结论:(1)MODIS的Rrs(λ)反演结果具有一定精度,但是不能满足10%的误差期盼,且412nm波段的结果明显较差.反演值与实测值之间具有良好线性相关关系,对于所有6个波段,均方根偏差约为0.0030sr-1,相对偏差绝对值的中值约为25%.MODIS反演的Rrs(λ)与实测光谱的形状基本相似,数值多数偏低,特别是在高值区,另外,412和667nm波段在低值区大多数偏低,甚至出现负值,主要是大气修正过程中近红外波段离水辐射和气溶胶类型不适当造成的.(2)MODIS的Chl.a精度很差.反演值整体偏高,且与实测值之间不具有明显的线性相关关系,两者的均方根偏差约为1.56 mg/m3,相对偏差绝对值的中值约为103.25%,主要是OC3M模型(系数)的不适用性造成的.     

基于半分析模型的波段最优化组合反演混浊太湖水体叶绿素a

内陆水体叶绿素a浓度定量反演是水质遥感的热点与难点.本文基于对内陆水体叶绿素a、悬浮物、溶解有机物与水分子的光谱特征分析,从半分析生物光学模型出发,利用太湖实测的水面 ASD 高光谱遥感数据三波段组合,进行迭代优化,得到与叶绿素浓度密切相关而受悬浮物与黄色物质影响小的最优波段组合模型,反演精度较高,其决定系数和均方根误差分别为 0.8358、3.816mg/m3,该方法可以有效地反演高浓度悬浮物主导光学特性的水体叶绿素a浓度.     

应用实测光谱估算千岛湖夏季叶绿素a浓度

依据2010年8月的实测数据构建了千岛湖水体夏季叶绿素a浓度的实测光谱数据估算模型,并进行了验证.利用ASD FieldSpec3野外光谱仪获取高光谱数据,计算水体离水辐亮度和遥感反射率.通过寻找反演水体叶绿素a浓度的高光谱敏感波段,采用单波段相关分析、波段比值、微分光谱、三波段模型、BP人工神经网络等多种算法进行比较分析,结果表明:叶绿素a浓度与单波段光谱反射率的相关性不大;596 nm和489 nm波长处反射率比值、545 nm处光谱一阶微分与叶绿素a浓度均呈较显著相关,估测模型决定系数R2分别为0.782、0.590,RMSE分别为0.89、1.98μg/L;三波段模型的反演结果优于传统的波段比值和一阶微分法,R2为0.838,RMSE为0.71μg/L;神经网络模型大大提高了叶绿素a浓度的反演精度,R2高达0.942,RMSE为0.63μg/L.本研究为今后在千岛湖水域的夏季相邻月份进行叶绿素a浓度大范围遥感反演研究奠定了基础.     

吉林查干湖水体叶绿素a含量高光谱模型研究

叶绿素a含量能够在一定程度上反映水质状况,高光谱遥感可有效反演叶绿素a含量.该研究通过分析水体叶绿素a浓度与其高光谱反射特征之间的相关关系,采用单波段相关分析、波段比值、微分光谱和神经网络模型等多种算法建立了叶绿素a高光谱定量模型.结果表明:叶绿素a与单波段光谱在蓝、绿波段相关系数较低,而在红光与近红外波段有明显提高,微分光谱也表现出同样的趋势;反射率比值算法模拟效果好于线性回归法;神经元网络模型可以大大提高实测光谱数据的反演能力,确定性系数高达0.95.这为今后利用星载高光谱传感器在查干湖进行叶绿素a浓度大面积遥感反演提供了研究基础.     

适用于多种卫星数据的太湖水体漫衰减系数估算算法

下行漫衰减系数(K_d)是描述水下光场的重要参数,决定水体真光层深度,影响着浮游藻类初级生产力及其分布特征.基于2008—2013年太湖4次大规模野外试验数据,分析太湖水体漫衰减系数特征及其影响因素,建立适用于多种卫星数据且较高精度的太湖水体490 nm处下行漫衰减系数估算模型.结果表明:无机悬浮物是太湖水体漫衰减系数的主要影响因素;红绿波段比值(674 nm/555 nm)最适合于太湖K_d(490)估算,模型反演精度较高(N=72,R~2=0.72,RMSE=0.89 m~(-1),MAPE=21.58%);利用实测光谱数据,模拟得到MODIS/EOS、OLCI/Sentinel-3、GOCI/COMS和MSI/Sentinel-2等主要传感器波段的信号,构建适用于多种卫星传感器K_d(490)估算的红绿波段模型,建模精度较高(N=72,R~20.7,RMSE0.9 m~(-1),MAPE22.0%),且进行了验证(N=37,R~20.7,RMSE0.9 m~(-1),MAPE22.0%).     

基于OLCI数据的洱海叶绿素a浓度估算

海陆颜色仪(OLCI)是搭载在Sentinel-3上的新型水色遥感传感器,其对于内陆清洁水体水质遥感监测的适用性有待验证.本研究以评价水体富营养化程度的重要参数叶绿素a(Chl.a)浓度为指标,以高原湖泊洱海为研究区,基于2017年4月19日共20个星地同步实验数据,建立了3种可应用于OLCI数据的Chl.a浓度遥感估算模型(波段比值模型、三波段模型以及FLH模型),并估算了当日洱海Chl.a浓度的空间分布.结果表明:(1)选用波段Oa8(665 nm)、Oa11(708.75 nm)和Oa12(753.75 nm)构建的三波段模型最适用于洱海水域的Chl.a浓度估算,其平均绝对误差百分比为12.37%,低于波段比值模型的16.04%和FLH模型的13.50%;(2)对OLCI使用的大气校正方法中,基于去瑞利散射的暗像元法对估算模型的适用性要优于6S、FLAASH以及QUAC方法;(3)洱海OLCI影像中近岸水体受邻近效应影响严重,近红外波段Oa12(753.75 nm)受陆地邻近效应影响的距离为1~2个像元,而Oa8(665 nm)、Oa10(681.25 nm)和Oa11(708.75 nm)波段为1个像元;(4)2017年4月19日全湖Chl.a浓度均值为12.15±5.72μg/L,洱海中部水域Chl.a浓度最低(9.00~12.00μg/L),北部水域浓度最高(12.00~22.76μg/L),南部水域浓度稍高(12.00~14.00μg/L),阳南溪与波罗江入湖口受降雨径流的影响出现"羽流现象",导致Chl.a浓度偏低,约为8.33μg/L.     

三峡水库小江回水区春季初级生产力

2010年4、5月份,用黑白瓶法对小江回水区春季浮游植物初级生产力进行了原位监测,并研究了初级生产力的分布特征及其与光强、叶绿素a浓度(Chl.a)、水温、二氧化碳分压(pCO2)等影响因素的相关关系.结果表明,4、5月份小江回水区的水柱总初级生产力(GPP)分别为1927.5、1325.0mg O2/( m2·d),...     

官厅水库秋季悬浮颗粒物和CDOM吸收特性

利用2012年9月5日在官厅水库采集的水体吸收系数数据,对总悬浮颗粒物、浮游植物色素颗粒物、非色素颗粒物和有色可溶性有机物的吸收特性进行研究.结果表明:秋季官厅水库的颗粒物吸收以浮游植物色素吸收为主,总颗粒物吸收光谱与浮游藻类吸收光谱相似;非色素颗粒物和有色可溶性有机物的吸收系数随波长的增大接近指数规律衰减;a_d(440)、a_d(675)与C_Chl.a呈显著相关,表明官厅水库秋季的非色素颗粒物主要来源于浮游藻类降解产物,陆源性输入较少;a ph(440)、a ph(675)与C_Chl.a存在显著线性关系,但其比吸收系数较为恒定,与C_Chl.a基本无关;不同采样点的不同组分吸收系数对总吸收系数的贡献不同,大致有4种表现类型.在富营养程度较高的妫库区,浮游植物色素是水体光谱吸收的主导因子;在富营养程度较低的中库区,颗粒物与有色可溶性有机物共同主导水体光谱吸收.     

River network travel time is correlated with dissolved organic matter composition in rivers of the contiguous United States

Most terrestrial allochthonous organic matter enters river networks through headwater streams during high flow events. In headwaters, allochthonous inputs are substantial and variable, but become less important in streams and rivers with larger watersheds. As allochthonous dissolved organic matter (DOM) moves downstream, the proportion of less aromatic organic matter with autochthonous characteristics increases. How environmental factors converge to control this transformation of DOM at a continental scale is less certain. We hypothesized that the amount of time water has spent travelling through surface waters of inland systems (streams, rivers, lakes, and reservoirs) is correlated to DOM composition. To test this hypothesis, we used established river network scaling relationships to predict relative river network flow-weighted travel time (FWTT) of water for 60 stream and river sites across the contiguous United States (3090 discrete samples over 10 water years). We estimated lentic contribution to travel times with upstream in-network lake and reservoir volume. DOM composition was quantified using ultraviolet and visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. A combination of FWTT and lake and reservoir volume was the best overall predictor of DOM composition among models that also incorporated discharge, specific discharge, watershed area, and upstream channel length. DOM spectral slope ratio (R² = 0.77) and Freshness Index (R² = 0.78) increased and specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (R² = 0.68) and Humification Index (R² = 0.44) decreased across sites as a function of FWTT and upstream lake volume. This indicates autochthonous-like DOM becomes continually more dominant in waters with greater FWTT. We assert that river FWTT can be used as a metric of the continuum of DOM composition from headwaters to rivers. The nature of the changes to DOM composition detected suggest this continuum is driven by a combination of photo-oxidation, biological processes, hydrologically varying terrestrial subsidies, and aged groundwater inputs.     

Remote sensing algorithms for monitoring eutrophication in Ishizuchi storm water reservoir in Kochi Prefecture,Japan / Algorithmes de télédétection pour la surveillance de l'eutrophisation du réservoir d'orage d'Ishizuchi dans la Préfecture de Kochi,Japon

Abstract

Remote sensing technology is being conceived as a cost-effective tool to monitor the eutrophication problem in shallow inland lakes and reservoirs. The objective of this study is to develop hyperspectral remote sensing algorithms for chlorophyll and accessory pigments retrieval in the Ishizuchi Reservoir in Japan. The laboratory reflectance data of 207 field samples with manipulated pigment and suspended sediment concentrations were measured between 400 and 700 nm with a hyperspectral spectroradiometer, and integrated into 60 contiguous narrow bands. Band ratio and spectral absorption algorithms were developed by regression analysis with the observed chlorophyll measurements, and their estimation accuracies were evaluated using the RMSE of the estimates. Algorithms developed from spectral absorption ratios a(675 nm)/a*(675 nm) for five different classes of total pigment concentrations were more accurate than the algorithms based on band ratios R_rs (538 nm)/R_rs (488 nm), R_rs (581 nm)/R_rs (463 nm) and R_rs (674 nm)/R_rs (622 nm) as a result of removing the influence of overlapping absorption and scattering by water molecules and suspended solids from total absorption spectra.     

Estimating forest aboveground biomass using HJ-1 Satellite CCD and ICESat GLAS waveform data

The ecosystem in northeastern China and the Russian Far East is a hotspot of scientific research into the global carbon balance. Forest aboveground biomass (AGB) is an important component in the land surface carbon cycle. In this study, using forest inventory data and forest distribution data, the AGB was estimated for forest in Daxinganlin in northeastern China by combining charge-coupled device (CCD) data from the Small Satellite for Disaster and Environment Monitoring and Forecast (HJ-1) and Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) waveform data from the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat). The forest AGB prediction models were separately developed for different forest types in the research area at GLAS footprint level from GLAS waveform parameters and field survey plot biomass in the Changqing (CQ) Forest Center, which was calculated from forest inventory data. The resulted statistical regression models have a R ²=0.68 for conifer and R ²=0.71 for broadleaf forests. These models were used to estimate biomass for all GLAS footprints of forest located in the study area. All GLAS footprint biomass coupled with various spectral reflectivity parameters and vegetation indices derived from HJ-1 satellite CCD data were used in multiple regression analyses to establish biomass prediction models (R ²=0.55 and R ²=0.52 for needle and broadleaf respectively). Then the models were used to produce a forest AGB map for the whole study area using the HJ-1 data. Biomass data obtained from forest inventory data of the Zhuanglin (ZL) Forest Center were used as independent field measurements to validate the AGB estimated from HJ-1 CCD data (R ²=0.71). About 80% of biomass samples had an error less than 20 t ha⁻¹, and the mean error of all validation samples is 5.74 t ha⁻¹. The pixel-level biomass map was then stratified into different biomass levels to illustrate the AGB spatial distribution pattern in this area. It was found that HJ-1 wide-swath data and GLAS waveform data can be combined to estimate forest biomass with good precision, and the biomass data can be used as input data for future carbon budget analysis.

     

蒙新高原岱海夏季叶绿素a浓度空间分布及影响因子

基于2019年夏季(8月)对岱海水样的实测数据分析,通过运用克里金插值、相关性分析、多元线性逐步回归、主成分分析方法,探究了叶绿素a(Chl.a)的空间分布特征及其与水环境因子的相关关系,并讨论了相应的防治措施。研究显示:Chl.a空间分布呈现由岸边向湖心递减的趋势,总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH₃-N)、硝态氮(NO^-₃-N)、正磷酸盐(PO^3-₄-P)空间分布特征与Chl.a空间分布特征相近,采样期内岱海湖局部区域水质状况已达到富营养状态;Chl.a与浊度(Turbidity)、TP、TN、悬浮物(SS)、pH、NO^-₃-N、NH₃-N、PO^3-₄-P、蓝绿藻丰度(CYANO)呈极显著正相关,与溶解氧(DO)呈显著负相关,与电导率(Cond.)呈正相关、与氮磷比(TN/TP)呈负相关;各湖区Chl.a与环境因子相关关系不同,全湖逐步线性回归方程为Y_Chl.a=-21.42+8.658X_pH-0.865X_DO+0.779X_NH3-N+0.699X_Turbidity+0.502X_CYANO;岱海不同湖区因子对Chl.a浓度的影响存在差异,各湖区Chl.a与环境因子相关关系不同,通过岱海与我国其他湖泊Chl.a与环境因子的相关性关系对比分析,湖泊地理属性差异及营养物质输入浓度是影响Chl.a变化的重要因素;本研究岱海的TN/TP平均值为12.23,说明夏季岱海湖Chl.a变化为氮磷共同限制。     

Multivariate approach for chlorophyll-a and suspended matter retrievals in Case II type waters using hyperspectral data

Abstract

Remote sensing has become promising in providing temporal and spatial information on biogeodynamics in large and open freshwater bodies. In optically complex environments, such as in the Western Basin of Lake Erie (WBLE), the water contains multiple biogeochemical constituents or colour producing agents (CPAs), such as phytoplankton, suspended matter and dissolved organic carbon; identifying and analysing such in-water constituents is crucial for understanding and assessing many biogeochemical processes. For example, concentrations of chlorophyll-a and total suspended matter can be used as proxies to assess phytoplankton dynamics and particulate loading. However, quantitative estimation of their concentrations from satellite observations is complicated when working with mixed spectral signatures. Hyperspectral remote sensing is fast emerging as a key technology for advanced and improved understanding of optically complex waters. This study estimates concentrations of chlorophyll-a and total suspended matter (TSM) in the WBLE by applying the partial least squares (PLS) method to a full range (400–900 nm) of continuous narrow spectral bands. The PLS method models the covariance between hyperspectral bands and CPAs, and identifies the optimal bands that characterize most of the variance in the CPAs. This method avoids the curse of dimensionality and the effects of multi-collinearity, a challenge that is associated with new-generation hyperspectral satellite sensors. Validation parameters for the PLS-based models produced R² of 0.84 for chlorophyll-a (RMSE = 1.18 μg/L), and R² of 0.90 for TSM (RMSE = 1.26 mg/L), illustrating the potential of the PLS method for isolating and extracting absorption features characterizing the various CPAs in optically complex Case II type waters.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz Associate editor Not assigned     

湖北道观河水库细鳞鲴的个体生殖力

研究了道观河水库细鳞鲴的个体生殖力。细鳞鲴样本由2~ -5~ 龄鱼组成,其个体绝对生殖力与体长、体重和年龄分别呈直线、对数函数和幂函数相关,体长相对生殖力与体长、体重和年龄分别呈双曲线、对数函数和幂函数相关,体重相对生殖力与它们相关不显著。多元逐步回归分析其绝对生殖力和体长相对生殖力均与体重和成熟系数密切相关,而体重相对生殖力仅与成熟系数相关。     

Interactions between freshwater input, light, and phytoplankton dynamics on the Louisiana continental shelf

We examined the effects of freshwater flow and light availability on phytoplankton biomass and production along the Louisiana continental shelf in the region characterized by persistent spring–summer stratification and widespread summer hypoxia. Data were collected on 7 cruises from 2005 to 2007, and spatially-averaged estimates of phytoplankton and light variables were calculated for the study area using Voronoi polygon normalization. Shelf-wide phytoplankton production ranged from 0.47 to 1.75 mg C m⁻² d⁻¹ across the 7 cruises. Shelf-wide average light attenuation (k_d) ranged from 0.19–1.01 m⁻¹ and strongly covaried with freshwater discharge from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers (R²=0.67). Interestingly, we observed that the euphotic zone (as defined by the 1% light depth) extended well below the pycnocline and to the bottom across much of the shelf. Shelf-wide average chlorophyll a (chl a) concentrations ranged from 1.4 to 5.9 mg m⁻³ and, similar to k_d, covaried with river discharge (R²=0.83). Also, chl a concentrations were significantly higher in plume versus non-plume regions of the shelf. When integrated through the water-column, shelf-wide average chl a ranged from 26.3 to 47.6 mg m⁻², but did not covary with river discharge, nor were plume versus non-plume averages statistically different. The high integrated chl a in the non-plume waters resulted from frequent sub-pycnocline chl a maxima. Phytoplankton production rates were highest in the vicinity of the Mississippi River bird's foot delta, but as with integrated chl a were not statistically different in plume versus non-plume waters across the rest of the shelf. Based on the vertical distribution of light and chl a, a substantial fraction of phytoplankton production occurred below the pycnocline, averaging from 25% to 50% among cruises. These results suggest that freshwater and nutrient inputs regulate shelf-wide k_d and, consequently, the vertical distribution of primary production. The substantial below-pycnocline primary production we observed has not been previously quantified for this region, but has important implications about the formation and persistence of hypoxia on the Louisiana continental shelf.