利用遥感信息分析陕北地区地貌特征及其对农业生产的影响

本文利用多种不同比例尺的遥感图像,分析了陕北地区的地貌特征及其区域分异规律,将陕北地区分为三个地貌区,即东部黄土基岩丘陵区、中部黄土丘陵区和西部风沙区；还分析了地貌条件对农业生产的影响及地貌的区城变化所引起的农业生产布局的区域变化,在此基础上对陕北地区的农业生产布局提出了初步的看法。     

植被覆盖区高精度遥感地貌场景分类数据集

地貌数据集是实现地貌自动分类和加深对地貌形态学认识的重要支撑数据之一。当前缺乏高精度地貌成因类数据集,制约了地貌遥感自动解译的发展。本文在中国东北地区以沟—弧—盆体系为主的天山—兴蒙造山系中,针对强烈的构造运动和新生代以来的火山作用、流水作用形成的地貌成因类型,制作了构造地貌、火山熔岩地貌和流水地貌3类场景数据集（GOS10m）。数据集覆盖面积约5000 km²,包括哨兵2号可见光遥感影像、SRTM1 DEM及基于DEM提取的7个地貌形态参数（山体晕渲图、坡度、DEM局部平均中值、标准偏差、坡向—向北方向偏移量、坡向—向东方向偏移量和相对偏离平均值）。单张样本图为64像素×64像素,空间分辨率为10 m。采用多模态深度学习神经网络对数据进行训练并分类,平均测试精度可达到82.63%,表明构建的数据集具有较高的质量。可为地貌成因遥感自动分类研究以及推动遥感地貌智能解译的向前发展,提供数据集支撑。     

1:100万台湾数字地貌遥感制图研究

在台北、高雄两标准分幅1∶100万数字地貌遥感制图的基础上,制定了台湾地区陆地地貌分类方案及编码体系,并建立台湾省1∶100万数字地貌数据库。进而总结1∶100万遥感地貌制图的方法、流程和规范,探讨遥感地貌制图的关键技术和问题:遥感解译的基本原则、解译图像比例尺、DEM的辅助作用、特殊地貌的划分以及属性赋值,为编制全国1∶100万数字地貌图奠定基础。     

武陵源旅游区的遥感调查

本文重点介绍武陵源砂岩峰林地貌景观、岩溶地貌景观等旅游资源和地质构造背景的遥感影像特征及遥感解译,通过解译对武陵源旅游资源有了更全面了解,为该区旅游资源开发提供了大量有用信息。     

辐射沙脊群地貌遥感制图

江苏省苏北岸外辐射沙脊群是由潮流沙脊组成的大型砂质堆积体,其海区水动力环境及地质地貌复杂多变,难以开展实地调查。根据遥感图像反映的色调、纹理信息,结合实测地形数据以及历史海图、历史地貌图等,进行了辐射沙脊群地貌遥感制图,并对辐射沙脊群地貌进行了空间特征分析。利用遥感图像绘制辐射沙脊群地貌图,对研究辐射沙脊群的地貌结构及辐射沙脊群空间资源开发利用,都能提供切实可靠的科学依据。     

基于遥感的海岸带地貌类型信息提取方法研究

现有地貌分类体系和定量分析方法不适用于海岸带地区大规模、小尺度的地貌调查。结合海岸带地貌特点,提出基于遥感的海岸带地貌类型信息提取方法,并以实例实现。结果表明,该方法把定性和定量手段相结合,有利于地貌调查工作的开展。     

基于DEM的岷山构造带构造地貌初步研究

以地理信息系统(GIS)为平台,结合构造地貌研究,利用矢量地形数据,构建了岷山构造带数字高程模型(DEM),初步对岷山构造带,特别是岷山断裂带构造地貌特征进行了分析。研究表明,将DEM与GIS技术结合,辅以遥感图像解译和详细野外地质调查,能够直观地进行坡度、坡向以及地形起伏度和高程的统计分析等研究,在构造地貌研究中具有良好的应用前景。     

基于遥感和GIS技术的漓江自然地貌破坏现状调查

针对漓江流域自然地貌被人为破坏的现状,以0.61 m分辨率的QuickBird 2和5.6m分辨率的IRS-P6卫星遥感数据为信息源,在ENVI和MapGIS软件的支持下,对漓江流经桂林市区段,即兰洲大桥—磨盘山大桥之间约30 km河岸自然地貌遭受人为破坏的现状开展了遥感调查.通过遥感图像处理、分析和人机交互解译,对3种河岸地类(农林用地、建筑用地和自然景观区用地)进行了测量与统计分析,结果表明:2009年漓江两岸农林用地占岸长度为河岸总长度的57.78％,建筑用地占35.95％,自然景观用地仅占6.27％.这说明,随着桂林城市规模的急速扩展,人类活动对漓江自然地貌形态造成了严重破坏,漓江综合治理已经刻不容缓.     

板桥稀土矿遥感找矿信息提取与矿产预测研究

通过对离子吸附型稀土矿成矿规律的分析,从浙江省板桥地区的遥感地质特征研究入手,在研究区地表范围内进行稀土遥感找矿信息的提取。首先利用SPOT图像和DEM数据构建的坡度数据对与稀土成矿相关的地貌单元进行解译;然后通过光谱特征分析和基于ASTER图像的矿物遥感异常提取,获取与成矿相关的高岭土、绢云母、绿泥石等风化特征矿物的分布信息;最后叠合分析地貌、坡度及异常提取结果,进行稀土遥感找矿预测。与地质调查资料及化探数据的对比分析证实,上述方法对圈定1∶5万的大比例尺离子吸附型稀土矿分布范围是有效的,可为更详细的稀土矿产资源潜力评价提供依据。     

中国陆地高精度地貌类型的划分

针对已有的地貌单元无论在精度上,还是在覆盖的全面性上,均难以满足地理国情监测需求的问题,该文在数字地貌类型遥感综合解析方法的基础上,提出了利用高精度DEM、高分辨影像,以1∶100万地貌类型数据界线为基础进行地貌类型界线精确定位的技术方法和流程,设计了基于地貌类型的统计分析内容指标与方法,首次形成了定位精度达到1∶25万比例尺制图精度的全国地貌类型数据集,为查清并发布我国地形地貌家底提供了数据和技术支撑,可为更高精度地貌类型的划分提供技术借鉴。     

Geomorphic mapping in parts of Kerala state

The paper discusses the advantages aerial photographs offer for a quick appraisal of geomorphic surfaces in a terrain of low to moderate relief, high vegetative cover with considerable human activities. The area studied comprises the coastal tracts between Calicut and Ernakulam and the midlands immediately to the east. Two morphological units, namely the costal plain and uplands constitute the terrain between the Western Ghats and the sea. The costal plain from west to east comprise a narrow beach, a younger beach ridge plain, an older beach ridge plain and lateritic surface, generally plateau shaped with gentle to moderate slopes, terraced, dendritically dissected and with insignificant development of pediment. Further eastwards, the areas of high relief consists of hard crystalline rocks laterised at the top. A filled lagoon near Trichur and the flood plains of major rivers which cut through different geomorphic units are significant. Recognition of isolated, discontinuous patches of highly lateritised Tertiary sedimentaries from other lateritic surfaces is often difficult.     

Geomorphic interpretation of the Landsat images in Tamilnadu

Landsat imagery were used to interpret the geomorphic festures in the northern part of Tamilnadu between latitudes 11° and 12°30′ N and longitudes 77° and 80° E. Different geomorphic regions were identified with the aid of ground truths. These geomorphic regions, in general, are controlled by the underlying rock types. As the different geomorphic regions have different signatures in the Landsat images, the geomorphic interpretation, which helps to bring out the regional geology is possible with the aid of ground truths.     

大比例尺数字化地形图曲线要素的缩编方法

由于南方CASS和清华山维EPS等主要数字图形处理软件开发的地形图缩编功能存在一定的不足,操作时效率低下,不易控制质量。针对韩城矿区大比例尺数字地形图的缩编工作,主要研究了曲线要素的处理,利用AutoCAD二次开发功能,实现了曲线要素的检查、删除、图层、宽度等的自动变更和编辑。生产实践证明,基于交互式制图作业,可以减轻作业强度和工作难度,大大提高了作业效率,保证了作业质量。     

Geomorphic analysis of upper Assam Plains and adjoining areas for hydrocarbon exploration

‘Terrain Analysis’ of the the Assam Plains and adjoining areas of the Naga foothills and Mikir hills plateau has been carried out using LANDSAT images and cartographic maps, essentially as an aid for planning seismic surveys for hydrocarbon exploration. The terrain is divisible into five geomorphic zones of distinct characters and processes of evolution. They are: i) Brahmaputra flood plains, ii) Assam Alluvial Plains, iii) Naga Piedmont plains, iv) Mikir Denudational hills, and v) Naga Structural Hills. A number of geomorphic anomalies have been identified in these zones. Maximum number of the anomalies occur in the piedmont zone which is considered to be most prospective since suitable hydrocarbon generation and entrapment conditions exist in that part of the basin. There dominant trends of lineaments striking ENE-WSW NW-SE and E-W are observed in the area in that order of extent and frequency. The last mentioned appears to be youngest which has off-setted even the Naga Thrust. Five distinct planation surfaces/summit levels have been identified in the Mikir as well as Naga hills. They are correlatable with the known unconformities at the top of basement, top of Barails, top of Girujan, top of Namsang and top of Dihing Formations. The subsurface lithology expected during shot hole drilling for seismic surveys has been predicted considering the process of evolution of each zone.     

利用高分辨率立体测绘影像进行中小比例尺地貌要素更新

利用高分辨率立体测绘卫星遥感影像进行地貌更新,因其覆盖面积大、更新周期短等优势,在中小比例尺地貌要素更新中具有极大的应用潜力。本文分别利用WorldView-2和资源三号卫星影像,探索基于高分辨率立体测绘卫星影像的中小比例尺地貌更新技术方案流程,并在不同的试验区开展试验验证。试验结果表明：本文方法能够满足1：50 000比例尺地形图地貌更新精度要求,更新效率提升了约25%。     

Geomorphic signatures of active tectonics in Bist Doab interfluvial tract of Punjab,NW India

Bist Doab interfluvial tract in the north-western part of Punjab, India, has been investigated for geomorphic signatures of active tectonics using remotely sensed data and geographical information system (GIS). The anomalous river flow, abrupt changes in flow direction, angular drainage, compressed meanders, asymmetry of river bends, high channel sinuosity, abandoned channels, water-logged and marshy areas observed along the courses of Beas and Sutlej rivers and their tributaries indicate tectonically active nature of the terrain. The strong control exercised by the NE-SW and NW-SE trending lineaments on the drainage network is well evident in the form of long straightened slope deviatory courses, definite changes in channel pattern and sharp knee bend turns taken by the seasonal rivulets. The asymmetric and elongated nature of watersheds and straight to curvilinear mountain fronts quantified through morphotectonic analysis are characteristic of tectonically active settings and further corroborate the evidence of active tectonics.     

Geomorphic Signatures of Active Tectonic in Drainage Basins in the Southern Bolkar Mountain,Turkey

Bolkar Mountain forms the northeast extent of the Central Taurus Mountains, which are located north of the eastern Mediterranean Sea and consist of 3000 m or higher summits. The study area southern part of Bolkar Mt, has been investigated for geomorphic signatures of active tectonics using Geographical information system (GIS). The lower valley floor-to-width to height and elongation ratios, higher convexity, stream length-gradient (SL) indices, hypsometric integral and convex nature of the hypsometric curves and topographic asymmetry show that relative tectonic activity is greater in the eastern sector affected by Ecemiş fault. Spatial variations of tectonic activity along rivers studied point to a general trend of decreasing activity towards the west as well as tectonic activity again increase in the west. Westward migration of basin and range extension is consistent with the place of uplift in the southern Bolkar Mt. Topography of the southern sector is the result of Late Miocene-Early Pliocene extension related uplift. Drainage systems in the upper part of the central and western sectors are under the lithological control and karstic denudation; whereas the development of the drainage systems in the middle and outlet parts of all sectors depend on sea level changes and Late Quaternary tectonism. The development of drainage systems of the eastern sector depends mostly on fault tectonism and climatic changes in the Late Quaternary.     

基于MSS/ETM影像辐射沙脊群沙脊地貌遥感演变分析

利用遥感分析方法,基于MSS/ETM影像,研究辐射沙脊群演变情况,实现复杂多变辐射沙脊群沙脊地貌的动态检测。重点选用了1973~2011年近40 a的10期低潮位遥感影像,研究了沙脊主轴结构走向、二分水演变和沙洲稳定性。研究结果表明,辐射沙脊群以南北分界点为中心轴顺时针转动,主体沙脊东沙、高泥向远离海岸方向摆动;条子泥总体稳定,先北后南摆动。沙脊结构以大丰、如东一带海岸带为中心,辐射沙脊群主体沙脊向北、东北、东、东南方向呈辐射状发散趋势。     

基于ASTER-GDEM的贵州及其邻区地貌面提取及研究

多级地貌面是贵州及其邻区重要的地貌特征,深入研究其特征有助于了解该地区新生代以来的构造演化历史.为了研究该区新生代以来的构造演化历史,基于ArcGIS及ERDAs软件平台,利用ASTER-GDEM数据对该区坡度等地貌参数进行了提取.通过统计,进一步提取出了区内的地貌面,首次提取出了该区层状地貌的准确数值特征,并结合野外...