金属矿床深部找矿中的地质研究

笔者根据近几年来从事全国重要矿产资源危机矿山接替资源勘查工作并结合深部找矿的实践,探讨了深部找矿的理论和方法。笔者认为地质研究,物探、化探技术应用,钻掘工程施工是深部找矿三项基本要素。地质研究是基础条件,物探、化探是技术支撑条件,钻掘探矿工程是实现条件,构成基本技术路线。全面论述了地质作用特征研究、矿田构造研究、成矿作用标志研究三项重点内容。成矿作用相关的地质作用特征研究是确定找矿思路的基础工作,包括沉积成矿地质作用、岩浆成矿地质作用、火山成矿地质作用、变质成矿地质作用,以及综合成矿地质作用研究等内容。矿田构造研究提出了沉积构造体系、火山构造体系、侵入构造体系、断裂构造体系、褶皱构造体系、复合构造体系、成矿后构造的划分方案及研究内容,及其在深部找矿中的应用。成矿作用标志研究包括成矿特征标志研究及成矿流体物理化学条件标志研究,提出了成矿热液地球化学障理论依据及研究方法及其在深部找矿中的应用。     

湖北银洞沟银金矿床地质特征及深部预测

在阐述矿床地质特征的基础上,总结银金矿的容矿构造类型、构造控矿规律和找矿标志,厘定成矿构造演化阶段,对深部隐伏矿进行了预测。     

太行山中段石湖金矿控矿构造分析

以幔枝构造成矿理论为指导,根据石湖金矿的地质特征、成矿物质来源、矿石品位变化、成矿控矿构造分析,指出石湖金矿区深部及外围均具较大找矿潜力。     

初论岩浆热液成矿系统控岩控矿构造深延格局研究方法

热液矿床深部控岩控矿构造展布格局与深部矿床(体)空间定位格局等关键问题一直是制约深部勘查部署和实现找矿突破的焦点和难点。在阐述岩浆热液成矿系统矿田(床)控岩控矿构造深延格局主要研究方法的基础上,基于成矿构造体系控制多金属成矿系统、物化探异常信息系统映射多金属成矿系统的研究思路,以湘南地区黄沙坪—宝山铜锡多金属矿田(简称坪宝矿田)为例,构建了控岩控矿构造深延格局、指示控矿构造深延的综合指标评价体系研究的方法框架。据此,通过坪宝矿田控岩控矿构造解析与斑岩型热液成矿系统矿化蚀变分带等综合研究,提出了矿田内黄沙坪、宝山两个典型矿床控岩控矿构造深延格局及深部找矿有利构造部位,为该矿田(床)深部勘查部署和找矿预测提供了新思路和新方法。该方法无疑对深化其他热液成矿系统构造控岩控矿理论及有效开展深部找矿勘查均具有借鉴意义。     

石湖金矿深部找矿潜力分析

石湖金矿是冀西太行山区的大型金矿，原勘探的101、106号矿脉提交C＋D金储量22．28吨，现开采的101号矿脉向深部有矿石品位变富、矿脉变厚的趋势。因此，矿区深部、外围找矿潜力如何，已经成为普遍关注的焦点问题。本文根据石湖金矿的矿床地质特征、成矿物质来源、矿石品位变化、成矿控矿构造分析以及幔枝构造成矿理论的认识，指出石湖金矿深部仍应有较大的延深，外围的找矿潜力应亦很大。本文深入矿田构造解剖，侧重区域成矿作用、成矿规律研究，以指导新一轮地质找矿。     

黔西北铅锌多金属矿集区成矿构造体系及其控矿机制

黔西北矿集区作为川滇黔铅锌多金属成矿区的重要组成部分,构造控矿-成矿机制一直是该区深化研究的热点和难点。针对长期困扰该区铅锌矿床成矿理论提升和制约深部找矿突破的构造研究瓶颈,基于10个主要铅锌矿床的矿体赋存规律研究,运用矿田地质力学理论和方法,解析了成矿构造的几何学、运动学、力学等特征,识别和厘定了该区存在五种控矿构造组合样式:正断层-背斜式、双向断层-背斜组合式、同向斜落走滑-断褶构造组合式、反倾断层-背斜式、同向斜冲走滑-断褶构造组合式。结合典型矿床构造控矿规律和地球物理深部探测等信息,研究认为,自印支期以来,该区构造体系呈现从NE构造带→NW构造带→SN构造带(构造体系)的成生发展过程。其中,NE构造带为黔西北铅锌矿集区的成矿构造体系,进而论证了构造控矿作用机制,构建了构造控矿模式,为区域勘查部署和深部找矿突破提供了理论依据。     

甘肃白银郝泉沟金矿控矿构造研究

深入研究郝泉沟金矿床的控矿构造特征，以指导其深部及外围地质找矿，增加地质储量，为矿山的可持续发展奠定基础。二云斜长花岗岩岩体内节理、断裂发育，可划分为成矿前及成矿构造。控矿构造主要为NNE向断裂，具有明显的双重结构面特征，金矿体严格受其控制。它们是由花岗岩的成矿前构造经多期次、多阶段构造运动和热液交代作用形成。     

云南省大坪金矿控矿构造特征与找矿方向研究

哀牢山金成矿带是我国最重要的喜马拉雅期金成矿带之一,大坪金矿是该成矿带内最具代表性的金矿床。本文在介绍该矿床地质特征的基础上,以矿田控矿构造解析、矿产勘查及成矿预测等相关理论与方法为主要手段,对大坪金矿区的地质构造格局、主要金矿带控矿构造类型及性质、主矿体空间几何形态及延伸特征、金矿体空间分布特征等开展综合调查及研究工作。研究认为小新街断裂为矿床的主要导矿构造,在小新街断裂左行走滑作用影响下形成的次级断裂系统为主要的储矿构造。在此基础上建立构造控矿模式,指出主要矿带深部及外围找矿方向及空间,为深部找矿验证提供科学依据。     

豫西金矿地质特征与构造控矿探讨

豫西地区是国家重点金多金属成矿区带,成矿地质条件优越,区内金及多金属矿类型多样。通过对研究区地质特征及成矿地质条件的分析,得出区内金及多金属矿矿床形成受多重因素控制,包括地层、构造以及岩浆岩因素,并且在这些因素中,构造控矿占主导。在此基础上,将研究区内金矿矿床类型分为构造蚀变岩型金矿床、构造破碎带型金矿床、斑岩型金矿床以及爆破角砾岩筒型金矿床4种类型,并对每一种类型选取1个典型的矿床进行具体讲述。依据对研究区成矿地质特征以及5种构造控矿类型的叙述,论述了拆离-变质核杂岩构造对金矿成矿的构造控矿作用和构造控矿规律,并根据该区金矿矿床成矿规律,提出选取找矿靶区的8项依据,最后优选出7处找矿有利靶区。     

吉林海沟金成矿预测新思路——控矿构造层次

深部成矿预测已成为海沟金矿当务之急。为进一步加强区内,外找矿工作,本文提出金矿预测新思路－控矿构造层次。依据金矿产出地质条件的不同,将金矿控矿构造划分为中部,浅部,浅－表部和表部四个层次,每个层次都有特征性的控矿鉴别标志,分别反映出是大陆张裂、隆－滑和拆离构造等多种大陆壳动力学机制转变过程中的产物。最后通过纵、横向不同层次控矿构造特征变化规律进行成矿预测。     

冀东峪耳崖金矿床成矿地质特征、矿床地球化学及其成因机制探析

峪耳崖金矿床位于华北板块北缘中段,是冀东地区金厂峪[CD1]峪耳崖矿集区内赋存于花岗岩体及其与长城系围岩接触带内的大型金矿床。通过系统的成矿地质特征、流体包裹体、氢氧同位素、硫铅同位素和稀土-微量元素研究,结果表明：成矿温度为中高温热液环境,成矿流体为低盐度,成矿物质来源具有深源和幔源特征,金成矿作用过程具有排斥稀土元素的作用,Bi可作为富金矿体的指示元素。而峪耳崖金矿产于岩浆岩发育区和金厂峪金矿赋存于老变质岩区的表观成矿地质特征差异性、牛心山金矿“一墙之隔”的南北雷同性（南与金厂峪类同,北与峪耳崖类同）和它们成矿物质来源的同源性,则表明具体成矿就位地质环境的特定性决定了金矿床表观地质特征的特异性和复杂性。     

盘龙铅锌矿深部找矿成果及其地质意义

盘龙铅锌矿地处广西象州—武宣重晶石铅锌成矿带南端,地质工作程度较高,历经了普查、详查各阶段的发展,但一直以来铅锌找矿工作成效不大,探明的资源储量仅为中型铅锌矿床规模。近两年来,矿山加强矿床成矿地质条件、控矿因素及成矿规律研究,不囿于以往地质工作形成的找矿思路,大胆开展深部找矿尝试,取得了显著的找矿效果。本文在介绍盘龙铅锌矿勘查概况、成矿地质背景与地质特征的基础上,总结了矿山深部找矿成功的经验,讨论了矿床控矿因素与成矿规律,指出盘龙铅锌矿深部找矿的成功对象州—武宣地区寻找大型铅锌矿床和在该地区开展深部铅锌找矿均具有重要的地质意义。     

冀西石湖金矿成矿物质来源及成矿作用探讨

石湖金矿101、116矿脉深部延伸稳定,品位有所提高,产状变化不大,南于深部探矿进展较好,而使其成为太行山中段大型金矿.石湖金矿的矿脉明显受断裂构造控制,总体属岩浆期后热液石英脉-断裂构造蚀变岩型矿床.本文采用幔枝构造新视角开展研究,通过对地质背景研究及铅、硫、硅、碳、氢、氧同位素的分析表明:石湖金矿成矿物质主要来源于地球深部,成矿溶液主要为岩浆水,混有部分大气水.进而探讨了其成矿作用,建立了成矿模式,提出了具体找矿建议.     

Source of ore-forming material for the Huangtuliang gold deposit,Hebei Province and ore prospecting in the deep periphery

The Huangtuliang gold deposit is characterized by its wide and large ore belt, stable extension and closely spaced orebodies. Unfortunately, no orebody was found by deep drilling. As a result, ore prospecting in this region was once put into dilemma. Detailed analysis of ore-forming and ore-controlling structures in the mining district by the authors has revealed that the ore-forming and ore-controlling structure in this mining district is a steeply dipping （85°-110°/∠70°-85° N-NNE）, spade-shaped ductile shear zone, and the ore-controlling structures are a series of nearly erected second-ordered faults which are developed in the upper part of the ductile shear zone, inter-secting with the ductile shear zone. Deep cutting of the ductile shear zone made it possible the ascending of ore fluids from the mantle plume at depth and these ore fluids would migrate upwards along the ductile shear zone under certain temperature and pressure conditions. Along their ascending path, the ore fluids would extract ore-forming elements from the country rocks and the extracted ore-forming elements would be deposited as ores in the hang- ing-wall second-ordered faults. The reason why no orebody was found in early prospecting at depth is that north- ward-dipping drilling in the southern part of the shear zone extended so deeply as to be beneath the shear zone. Only shallow-level orebodies could be found by southward-dipping drilling practice in the northern part of the shear zone. The location where deep-seated orebodies occurred shifted northwards and the orebodies occurred at greater depth. Therefore, it is natural that no orebody could be found when drill core passed through the shear zone. After the ore-forming and ore-controlling structures were well understood, the focus of ore prospecting was placed on the deep-level, northward-penetrating veins. In this way a number of new blind orebodies of great thickness have been found. On the basis of research development in the mining district, a prospecting plan has been made     

Analysis of the ore-controlling structure of the Shihu gold deposit, Hebei Province and deep-seated ore-prospecting prediction

Under the guidance of the theory of mantle-branch structure-associated metallogenesis and on the basis of the geological characteristics, analysis of the ore-forming and ore-controlling structures, the geochemical characteristics of metallogenesis, the source of ore-forming materials, changes in the physical and chemical conditions of metallogenesis, changes in the vertical width of ore veins, and changes in gold grade of the Shihu gold deposit, the mechanism of its metallogenesis was discussed and the rules of vertical variation of ore veins were summarized in this study. It is pointed out that the orebodies under exploitation at present time should be in the middle and upper portions of gold veins in the Shihu gold mining district. Particularly on the basis of the characteristics of mantle-branch structure-associated metallogenesis, it is indicated that metallogenesis is controlled mainly by such ore-forming conditions as temperature and pressure. Deep-seated ore-forming fluids are characterized mainly by injection and precipitation. So the vein bodies in the adjacent metallogenic structures are of obvious comparability, and there would be great prospects for ore search both at depth and in the periphery of the Shihu gold deposit. Therefore, ore prospecting should be strengthened both at depth and in the peripheries.     

甘肃南泉银金矿床控矿因素及找矿方向

南泉银金矿床位于塔里木-中朝板块内北山陆缘活动带南缘,俞井子-柳园陆内裂谷带中,该裂谷带为铜、金、银、铁、铅、锌多金属成矿带.通过近几年的普查工作,该矿床已估算银资源量约300t.文章从成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征等入手,分析了矿床的控矿因素,认为该矿床受地层、岩性、构造及岩浆岩等因素控制;并大致总结了其找矿方向,初步认为南泉矿区及花牛山矿区结合部,以及矿床深部是该矿床今后找矿的重要方向.     

Study on the ore-forming and ore-controlling structure of the Mujicun Cu (Mo) ore deposit, Hebei Province, China

The Mujicun Cu (Mo) ore deposit at Laiyuan, Hebei Province, is a currently proven large-sized Cu (Mo) polymetallic ore deposit and it is located in the second-ordered fault depression basin of the ditachment belt on the hanging-wall on the western side at the juncture of the Laiyuan dumbell-shaped complex in the northern part of the Fuping mantle-branch structure. Metallogenesis is controlled by diorite porphyrite in intrusive relation with the fault depression basin and other relevant fault structure systems and intenstive wall-rock alteration zones. This study, in conjunction with the most recent exploration data, analyzed the geological background of metallogenesis of this deposit, summaried the geological characteristics of typical ore deposits, determined the alteration zonation of the deposit, investigated regional metallogenesis and the genesis of typical ore deposits, discussed the regional ore-forming and ore-controlling structures, and generalized the regional ore-controlling model and metallogenic model of the deposit. It is considered that the Mujicun porphry Cu (Mo) deposit, the Tieling, Futuyu, Xiaoligou and other skarn-type Fe-Cu deposits and the He’ergou hydrothermal-type Pb-Zn-Ag deposit jointly constitute a three-in-one polymetallic orefield, with the characteristics of typical metallogenic series.     

河北金厂峪金矿控矿构造特征与成矿物质来源

金厂峪金矿是我国华北板块北缘大型金矿床之一,矿床产在晚太古宙褶皱绿岩带中,矿石类型主要包括含金钠长石脉和含金石英脉两种.控矿构造研究表明,在两期区域性褶皱作用下,形成的金厂峪复背斜及与之相关的北北东向挤压片理化带是金厂峪金矿的主要控矿构造.在片理化和蚀变过程中围岩斜长角闪岩的Fe2O3、CaO、MgO等成分被明显带出,...     

山东省寺庄金矿床成矿流体特征

莱州寺庄金矿床位于焦家成矿带南段,是焦家金矿田的一部分,也是焦家成矿带上重要的热液脉型金矿床。区内主要有黄铁绢英岩带、黄铁绢英岩化花岗碎裂岩带和黄铁绢英岩化花岗岩带3个控矿带,位于焦家断裂带下盘。矿石矿物主要为银金矿、黄铁矿、自然金、黄铜矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿等。该矿床发育了绢英岩化、硅化、钾化、碳酸盐化等蚀变类型,且硅化和绢英岩化与矿化关系最为密切。本文从流体包裹体岩相学特征、显微测温、单个包裹体成分激光拉曼光谱分析以及氢、氧同位素分析方面对山东省寺庄金矿床成矿流体特征进行综合研究。结果显示：该矿床金矿石中主要发育含CO₂相、气液两相和CO₂相三类包裹体。在成矿过程中,流体经历了CO₂-H₂O-NaCl体系的不混溶作用。成矿流体具有低盐度（w（NaCl）为（0.53%~10.24%））、低密度（0.50~1.03 g/cm³）的特点。成矿温度为260~340℃,压力为82~116 MPa,成矿深度为中成（7.40~8.94 km）。氢、氧同位素分析成矿流体δD_V-SNOW为-76.6‰~-69.0‰,δ¹⁸O_水为2.94‰~7.24‰,说明成矿流体以幔源流体为主,并有少量的岩浆水和大气降水参与。结合该矿床地质特征与实验结果综合分析,认为寺庄金矿的矿床成因类型为受断裂构造控制的幔源流体参与成矿的中温中成热液蚀变岩型金矿床。     

老湾金矿床地球物理特征及找矿标志

老湾金矿是我国近年来探明的重要的大型构造蚀变岩型金矿床.金矿体(或矿脉群)、控矿构造、岩浆岩、赋矿地层、近矿热液蚀变带以及周围地质体之间存在某种物性差异,因而有明显的地球物理异常特征,构成了金矿床重要的地球物理找矿标志.作者试图在矿床地球物理特征研究的基础上,总结地球物理找矿标志,确定找矿勘查物探方法组合流程,以期配合、指导正在进行中的桐柏-大别山北坡金银成矿带的普查找矿工作.