新疆加曼特金矿流体包裹体特征及成因证据的分析方法研究

通过对新疆加曼特金矿床矿脉中石英、闪锌矿、方解石内发育的流体包裹体进行显微测温分析,计算得出流体的盐度和密度;同时采用激光拉曼光谱对单个流体包裹体的成分进行分析。结果表明,加曼特金矿流体包裹体激光拉曼图谱上显示仅有H2O峰,成矿流体属NaCl-H2O体系;均一温度主要集中在180～260℃,盐度在0.17%～12.52%,密度为0.49～0.97 g/cm3,初步认为该矿床应属于浅成低温热液型矿床,成矿流体显示低温、低盐度和低密度的性质。     

青海省雁石坪铜铅锌多金属矿床地质特征及成因分析

青海省雁石坪铜铅锌多金属矿床位于西南三江成矿带北段西延部分,矿(化)体赋存于构造破碎带及两侧岩脉中,矿体形态走向与构造走向基本一致,呈似层状、脉状产出,成矿组合为铅-锌-铜-银,流体包裹体显微测温结果表明多金属矿成矿流体为中低温(以低温为主)、中等盐度、中等密度流体。矿床成因类型为火山喷流沉积-热液改造型;热液主要来源于岩浆热液。     

满洲里地区银铅锌矿床成矿流体特征及矿床成因

满洲里地区是得尔布干成矿带最重要的银铅锌矿床产出地区。文中以额仁陶勒盖银矿床和查干布拉根银铅锌矿床为例,系统研究了该区银铅锌矿床成矿流体特征,探讨了矿床成因类型。研究表明,额仁陶勒盖银矿床以气液两相水溶液包裹体为主,流体包裹体均一温度为242～334℃,平均265℃,盐度(质量分数)为1.73%～4.48%NaCl_(eqv),平均2.70%NaCl_(eqv),流体密度为0.72～0.84 g/cm~3,平均0.80 g/cm~3,流体压力为13～26 MPa,平均18 MPa,对应的成矿深度为0.5～1.0 km,平均0.7 km,成矿流体总体上属于H_2O-NaCl体系。查干布拉根银铅锌矿床发育气液两相水溶液包裹体、含CO_2包裹体和纯CO_2包裹体,流体包裹体均一温度为179～367℃,平均261℃,盐度(质量分数)为2.23%～6.87%NaCl_(eqv),平均4.35%NaCl_(eqv),流体密度为0.65～0.91 g/cm~3,平均0.82 g/cm~3,成矿压力为15～46 MPa,平均25 MPa,对应的成矿深度为0.6～1.7km,平均0.9 km,成矿流体总体上属于H_2O-CO_2-CH_4-NaCl体系。两个矿床的成矿流体均属于中低温、低盐度、中等密度流体。额仁陶勒盖银矿床成矿流体主要来自大气降水,大气水的混入是银沉淀的主要机制,其矿床成因属于浅成低温热液型;查干布拉根银铅锌矿床成矿流体属于岩浆水与大气降水的混合水,流体不混溶作用或沸腾作用是查干布拉根矿床银铅锌沉积的主要机制,其矿床成因属于中低温热液脉型。满洲里地区银铅锌矿床的成矿时代为早白垩世,成矿与晚侏罗世—早白垩世火山-侵入岩浆活动晚期的火山-次火山热液密切相关,矿床产出于伸展背景下的中生代陆相火山断陷盆地中。     

山东邹平火山岩地区铜矿床成矿流体的形成、演化及成矿

邹平地区与火山岩浆热液作用有关的铜矿床主要可划分为2种类型：一类为斑岩-火山角砾岩型,另一类为浅成低温热液型;代表性矿床分别为王家庄斑岩一火山角砾岩型铜（钼）矿床和南洞子浅成低温热液型铜（金）矿床。流体包裹体研究表明：王家庄铜（钼）矿床成矿流体的均一化温度和盐度偏高,出现了富气相的两相水溶液包裹体、富液相的两相水溶液包裹体和含子晶的三相水溶液包裹体共存现象,加温后,富气相包裹体均一到气相,同期富液相包裹体均一到液相的特征,这表明成矿流体在形成和演化过程中曾发生过沸腾作用。南洞子铜（金）矿床成矿流体均一温度和盐度偏低,以上3种包裹体共存的现象不明显,说明成矿流体在形成和演化过程中沸腾作用不强。上述2类矿床矿化脉石英中的δ^18OH2O-δD投影点飘离岩浆水范围,参照流体包裹体研究结果,证明邹平地区与火山岩浆热8液作用有关的铜矿成矿流体主要来源于岩浆水,后期混人大气降水。相比之下,浅成低温热液铜矿成矿流体中的大气降水混入量多。     

黑龙江嘉荫平顶山金矿床成矿流体特征及矿床成因

平顶山金矿床位于佳木斯地块东北部,矿床的产出受断裂构造控制,矿体主要赋存于高角度张性破碎带中,矿石类型为石英脉和蚀变岩两种。笔者在对平顶山金矿的成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征详细研究基础上,通过对各成矿阶段代表性的原生流体包裹体进行岩相学观察、显微测温和激光拉曼探针分析,探讨了成矿流体性质和矿床成因类型。流体包裹体研究表明,流体包裹体以气液两相为主。主成矿阶段流体均一温度具有中低温(142.2℃～267.3℃)、低盐度(1.90%～4.32%NaCl)、低密度(0.81～0.94 g/cm3)的特征。包裹体气相成分主要为H2O,其次为CH4和CO2,液相成分主要为H2O和CH4。综合研究表明,平顶山金矿属于受断裂控制的中低温热液脉型金矿床。     

新疆准噶尔北东缘扎格依库都克金矿床流体包裹体与同位素地球化学研究

扎格依库都克金矿床产于下石炭统黑山头组一套火山-火山碎屑岩中,矿体呈脉状、网脉状,含矿岩石主要为含硫化物的石英脉。围岩蚀变以硅化、黄铁矿化、绢云母化、碳酸盐化为主。流体包裹体显微测温显示成矿流体温度165°C^284°C,盐度集中于6~14%NaCL.eq。含金石英脉H、O同位素结果显示其早期成矿流体为岩浆水和大气降水混合流体,中晚期以大气降水为主。矿石中黄铁矿S同位素具幔源硫特征。根据矿床地质特征与成矿流体性质,初步认为该矿床为浅成热液型金矿。     

赣南西华山钨矿床成矿流体演化特征

赣南西华山钨矿床是一个闻名中外的大型石英脉型钨矿床。为探讨成矿流体性质以及演化过程,本文对西华山石英脉型钨矿床主成矿阶段含矿石英脉中流体包裹体进行了岩相学、显微测温学研究和激光拉曼光谱分析。结果显示,西华山钨矿床的流体包裹体以H2O-NaCl型为主,局部发育H2O-NaCl-CO2型。流体热焓-盐度图解表明成矿流体以混合作用为主,局部沸腾在热液系统演化中作用不大。通过对沸腾包裹体的测温数据进行计算,得出西华山脉型钨矿成矿压力约为27～87 MPa,矿床形成深度约为1.0～3.3 km。     

印度尼西亚金马石金矿流体包裹体对矿床类型和金沉淀机理的指示

对印度尼西亚金马石金矿的普穗蒙古、金巴克和金盆维特3个矿段的矿石中石英流体包裹体进行岩相学观察和显微测温,结果表明:包裹体类型简单,以富液相气液两相包裹体为主,属于NaCl-H2O流体体系;包裹体均一温度集中在240~320℃之间,盐度峰值为14%~17%;流体密度峰值为0.85~0.95 g/cm3,流体的压力值介于4.1~46.8 MPa之间,相应的成矿深度为150~1730 m,总体具有浅成低温热液矿床的特点。根据地质特征和矿石的石英流体包裹体特征推断,金马石金矿是高硫型浅成低温热液矿床,可能属于斑岩-(高硫型)浅成低温热液型成矿体系;Au沉淀以流体混合作用为主。     

内蒙古林西地区萤石矿床流体包裹体研究

内蒙古林西地区是我国东部重要的萤石矿集区之一,对该区四个萤石矿床的流体包裹体研究发现,主要发育液相包裹体,还发育少量气相包裹体、含子矿物多相包裹体。显微测温结果显示成矿流体均一温度集中在140～270℃之间,盐度变化范围为0.18%～4.65%NaCleqv,密度变化范围为0.61～0.95 g/cm3,属中低温、低盐度、低密度的NaCl-H2O体系流体;激光拉曼结果表明包裹体成分以H2O为主,含有H2和C3H6。根据显微测温结果,认为水/岩反应很可能是该区萤石沉淀的主要机制。结合地质特征以及普遍低的均一温度和盐度,认为该区萤石矿具有大气降水热液成因特征,成因类型属于中低温热液裂隙充填型萤石矿床。     

新疆东天山卡拉塔格矿集区梅岭铜锌(金)矿床成矿流体特征及地质意义

卡拉塔格矿集区梅岭铜(金)矿床位于新疆吐哈盆地南缘的古生代卡拉塔格隆起带中,在大地构造位置上处于大南湖-头苏泉晚古生代岛弧带中段的火山盆地中,赋存于一套基性-中性-酸性火山岩-火山碎屑岩和次火山岩中,矿体由细脉浸染状(M1)和热液脉状(M2)的铜矿体组成。文章在前人研究的基础上开展了矿床中石英流体包裹体的测温分析、成分分析及包裹体水的氢、氧同位素分析。研究发现,梅岭矿床中原生流体包裹体类型多为气液两相包裹体,个体较小,气相分数较小;流体包裹体均一温度为117~238℃,w(Na Cleq)为2.4%~9.3%,为中-低温、中-低盐度流体;成矿压力为6.8~60.6 MPa,成矿深度约为0.2~2.0 km。流体包裹体气相成分以H2O为主,其次为CO2,并含有少量CH4、CO等还原性气体;液相成分中阳离子以K+、Na+为主,阴离子以Cl-和SO2-4占主导地位,成矿流体属H2O-Na Cl体系。成矿流体的δ18O水值为-5.75‰~-2.61‰,δD值为-135.6‰~-117.2‰,表明成矿流体主要为岩浆水及大气降水的混合水。流体包裹体的研究成果和矿床地质特征显示,梅岭铜(金)矿床属于浅成低温热液矿床。梅岭铜锌(金)矿床成矿流体研究为矿床成因提供了成矿流体特征方面的证据,为该区成矿系统的综合研究提供了理论依据。     

新疆阿希金矿:古生代的低硫型浅成低温热液金矿床

新疆阿希金矿床为一形成于古生代的低硫型浅成低温热液金矿床,矿床产于伊犁—中天山板块北部中天山北缘活动大陆边缘的吐拉苏火山岩断陷盆地中。其赋矿围岩为大哈拉军山组安山质火山岩和火岩碎屑岩,矿体呈脉状产于古火山口外围的环形断裂带中,主要金属矿物有自然金、银金矿、黄铁矿、白铁矿、毒砂、赤铁矿、褐铁矿以及微量的浓红银矿、硒银矿、硫锑铜银矿、角银矿等,非金属矿物有石英、玉髓、菱铁矿、方解石、绢云母、冰长石等,围岩蚀变作用主要有硅化、绢云母化、碳酸盐化和青盘岩化。矿床以富集Au、Ag、As、Sb、Bi、Hg、Se、Te、Mo元素组合为特征,Ag/Au比值小,为0.46～11.1。氢、氧、碳、硫及稀有气体同位素组成特征显示其成矿流体主要为循环大气降水;成矿流体盐度主要为0.7%～3.1%NaCl_(eqv),平均为2.2%NaCl_(eqv);成矿温度为120～240℃,平均190℃;最大成矿深度约700 m。沸腾作用是引起成矿流体中矿质发生沉淀富集的主要成矿机制,成矿作用过程中流体处于近中性pH值的还原环境,成矿时代介于晚泥盆世晚期((363.2±5.7)Ma)到早石炭世维宪期。其一系列特征显示该矿是一个典型的、形成于古生代的低硫型浅成低温热液型金矿床。矿床得以保存与矿床形成后很快被阿恰勒河组沉积盖层覆盖有关,从上新世开始由于印度板块对欧亚板块的碰撞挤压作用,天山造山带被快速抬升遭受风化剥蚀作用使矿床重新露出地表而被发现。阿希金矿的发现对于在中、新生代以前的造山带中寻找浅成低温热液型金矿床具有重要的借鉴和指导意义。     

吉林汪清九三沟金矿床成因研究

九三沟金矿床受控于区域性深大断裂和中生代火山断陷盆地。矿床主要产于石英闪长玢岩内外接触带的破碎角砾岩带中,围岩蚀变以硅化(硅核)和高岭石化为主。电子探针结果显示金主要赋存在黄铜矿中,其次是黄铁矿。流体包裹体研究表明,石英中主要发育气液两相包裹体,成矿流体属H2O-NaCl体系,具低盐度(0.70%～8.79%NaCl)、低密度(0.65～0.97 g/cm3)的特点,主成矿温度为293.4～160.4℃,成矿压力为8.17～40.59 MPa,成矿深度为0.8～4.1 km,氢氧同位素分析显示成矿流体为大气降水和岩浆水的混合流体。九三沟金矿床属于由近酸性、氧化流体形成的高硫化型浅成低温热液金矿床。     

Gold Mineralization of the Gatsuurt Deposit in the North Khentei Gold Belt,Central Northern Mongolia

Mineral assemblages, chemical compositions of ore minerals, wall rock alteration and fluid inclusions of the Gatsuurt gold deposit in the North Khentei gold belt of Mongolia were investigated to characterize the gold mineralization, and to clarify the genetic processes of the ore minerals. The gold mineralization of the deposit occurs in separate Central and Main zones, and is characterized by three ore types: (i) low‐grade disseminated and stockwork ores; (ii) moderate‐grade quartz vein ores; and (iii) high‐grade silicified ores, with average Au contents of approximately 1, 3 and 5 g t^?1 Au, respectively. The Au‐rich quartz vein and silicified ore mineralization is surrounded by, or is included within, the disseminated and stockwork Au‐mineralization region. The main ore minerals are pyrite (pyrite‐I and pyrite‐II) and arsenopyrite (arsenopyrite‐I and arsenopyrite‐II). Moderate amounts of galena, tetrahedrite‐tennantite, sphalerite and chalcopyrite, and minor jamesonite, bournonite, boulangerite, geocronite, scheelite, geerite, native gold and zircon are associated. Abundances and grain sizes of the ore minerals are variable in ores with different host rocks. Small grains of native gold occur as fillings or at grain boundaries of pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, galena and tetrahedrite in the disseminated and stockwork ores and silicified ores, whereas visible native gold of variable size occurs in the quartz vein ores. The ore mineralization is associated with sericitic and siliceous alteration. The disseminated and stockwork mineralization is composed of four distinct stages characterized by crystallization of (i) pyrite‐I + arsenopyrite‐I, (ii) pyrite‐II + arsenopyrite‐II, (iii) galena + tetrahedrite + sphalerite + chalcopyrite + jamesonite + bournonite + scheelite, and iv) boulangerite + native gold, respectively. In the quartz vein ores, four crystallization stages are also recognized: (i) pyrite‐I, (ii) pyrite‐II + arsenopyrite + galena + Ag‐rich tetrahedrite‐tennantite + sphalerite + chalcopyrite + bournonite, (iii) geocronite + geerite + native gold, and (iv) native gold. Two mineralization stages in the silicified ores are characterized by (i) pyrite + arsenopyrite + tetrahedrite + chalcopyrite, and (ii) galena + sphalerite + native gold. Quartz in the disseminated and stockwork ores of the Main zone contains CO₂‐rich, halite‐bearing aqueous fluid inclusions with homogenization temperatures ranging from 194 to 327°C, whereas quartz in the disseminated and stockwork ores of the Central zone contains CO₂‐rich and aqueous fluid inclusions with homogenization temperatures ranging from 254 to 355°C. The textures of the ores, the mineral assemblages present, the mineralization sequences and the fluid inclusion data are consistent with orogenic classification for the Gatsuurt deposit.     

安徽池州许桥银矿地质特征及矿区深部找矿方向

许桥银矿床位于长江中下游成矿带安庆-贵池矿集区东南部,矿床银储量达到中型规模,成矿岩体为分水岭石英闪长岩,矿体主要呈似层状赋存于分水岭岩体北东侧奥陶系仑山组、汤山组地层层间裂隙中;矿石矿物主要为黄铁矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿、黝铜矿、黄铜矿、辉银矿、自然银,脉石矿物为石英、碳酸盐矿物;矿石组构以自形-他形晶结构、交代结构、稀疏浸染状构造和网脉状构造为主;围岩蚀变类型主要有硅化、碳酸盐化、矽卡岩化、绿泥石化等;许桥银矿床成矿作用经历了两个成矿期：热液期和表生期,热液期又可分为三个成矿阶段,即为矽卡岩阶段、石英-硫化物阶段及碳酸盐-硫化物阶段;成矿流体早期以岩浆热液为主、晚期混有大气降水的流体演化特征;成矿物质主要来源于岩浆热液,地层贡献了部分矿质;成矿温度为中低温（208～259℃）,矿床类型为中低温热液银多金属矿床,并指明了矿区深部找矿方向。     

滇中小水井金矿床成矿流体地球化学及成因类型探讨

小水井金矿床赋存于哀牢山造山带红河断裂东缘韧-脆性剪切构造破碎带中,容矿岩石为砂泥岩、灰岩之角砾岩、碎裂岩。硫、碳同位素研究表明,流体中碳、硫来自深部或地幔;氢、氧同位素组成则显示成矿热液主要为天水下渗及地下水循环从流经岩石获得物质而形成的混合热液流体。矿物中流体包裹体类型以气-液相为主,少量气相出现。矿石中的石英流体包裹体液相成分阳离子以Na+、K+为主,Na+/K+比值为3.056~4.940;阴离子以Cl-、SO24-为主,且Cl->SO24->F;气相成分以H2O、CO2为主,间有CH4、CO出现,属H2O-CO2-NaCl体系。主要成矿阶段流体包裹体均一温度集中于180~260℃之间,成矿深度约为1.0 km,流体密度0.65~0.9 g/cm3,流体盐度w(NaCleq)1.74%~9.08%,平均5.33%。小水井金矿床属于浅成条件下,由中低温、低盐度、低密度的混合热液流体在韧-脆性剪切构造带中形成的金矿床,其地质-地球化学特征与造山型金矿相似,成因类型应归属于浅成造山型金矿床,工业类型为构造蚀变岩型金矿。矿床的形成经历了金元素初始富集形成矿源层、成岩期后剪切-逆冲推覆构造活动过程中的构造-热液作用富集成矿、中酸性岩浆沿剪切构造带及裂隙系统侵入活动形成的含矿热液叠加富集、表生氧化-淋滤再富集时期等成矿过程。     

Mineral Paragenesis of the Lepanto Copper and Gold and the Victoria Gold Deposits, Mankayan Mineral District, Philippines

Abstract: Mineral paragenesis of the alteration, ore and gangue minerals of the Lepanto epithermal copper‐gold deposit and the Victoria gold deposit, Mankayan Mineral District, Northern Luzon, Philippines, is discussed. The principal ore minerals of the Lepanto copper‐gold deposit are enargite and luzonite, with significant presence of tennantite‐tetrahedrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, native gold/electrum and gold‐silver tellurides. Pervasive alteration zonations are commonly observed from silicification outward to advanced argillic then to propylitic zone. The ore mineralogy of the Lepanto copper‐gold deposit suggests high f_S2 in the early stages of mineralization corresponding to the deposition of the enargite‐luzonite‐pyrite assemblage. Subsequent decrease in the f_S2 formed the chalcopyrite‐tennantite‐pyrite assemblage. An increase in the f_S2 of the fluids with the formation of the covellite‐digenite‐telluride assemblage caused the deposition of native gold/electrum and gold‐silver tellurides. The principal ore minerals of the Victoria gold deposit are sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite and native gold/electrum. The alteration halos are relatively narrow and in an outward sequence from the ore, silica alteration grades to illitic‐argillic alteration, which in turn grades to propylitic alteration. The Victoria gold mineralization has undergone early stages of silica supersaturation leading to quartz deposition. Vigorous boiling increased the pH of the fluids that led to the deposition of sulfides and carbonates. The consequent decrease in H₂S precipitated the gold. Gypsum and anhydrite mainly occur as overprints that cut the carbonate‐silica stages. The crosscutting and overprinting relationships of the Victoria quartz‐gold‐base metal veins on the Lepanto copper‐gold veins manifest the late introduction of near neutral pH hydrothermal fluids.     

Origin and evolution of ore-forming fluid for the Gaosongshan gold deposit,Lesser Xing'an Range:Evidence from fluid inclusions,H-O-S-Pb isotopes

Epithermal gold deposits are typical precious metal deposits related to volcanic and subvolcanic magmatism.Due to the lack of direct geological and petrographic evidences,the origin of the ore-forming fluid is deduced from the spatial diagenesis-mineralization relationship,chronological data,physicochemical characteristics of mineral fluid inclusions,mineral or rock elements and isotopic geochemical characteristics.By objectively examining this scientific problem via a geological field survey and petrographic analysis of the Gaosongshan epithermal gold deposit,we recently discovered and verified the following points:(1)Pyrite-bearing spherical quartz aggregates(PSQA)occur in the rhyolitic porphyry;(2)the mineralization is structurally dominated by WNW-and ENE-trending systems and occurs mostly in hydrothermal breccias and pyrite-quartz veins,and the ore types are mainly hematite-crusted quartz,hydrothermal breccia,massive pyrite-quartz,etc.;(3)the alteration types consist of prevalent silicification,sericitization,propylitization and carbonation,with local adularization and illitization.The ore minerals are mainly pyrite,primary hematite,native gold,and electrum,with lesser amounts of chalcopyrite,magnetite,sphalerite,and galena,indicating a characteristic epithermal low-sulfidation deposit.The ore-forming fluid may have been primarily derived from magmatic fluid exsolved from a crystallizing rhyolitic porphyry magma.Further zircon U-Pb geochronology,fluid inclusion,physicochemical and isotopic geochemical analyses revealed that(1)rhyolitic porphyry magmatism occurred at 104.6 ± 1.0 Ma,whereas the crystallization of the PSQA occurred at 100.8 ± 2.1 Ma;(2)the hydrothermal fluid of the pre-ore stage was an exsolved CO_2-bearing H20-NaCl magmatic fluid that produced inclusions mainly composed of pure vapor(PV),vapor-rich(WV)and liquid-rich(WL)inclusions with a small number of melt-(M)and solid-bearing(S)inclusions;mineralization-stage quartz contains WL and rare PV,WV and pure liquid(PL)inclusions characterized by the H_2 O-NaCl system with low formation temperatures and low salinities;(3)the characteristics of hydrogen,oxygen,sulfur,and lead isotopes and those of rare earth elements(REEs)provide insight into the affinity between PSQA and orebodies resulting from juvenile crust or enriched mantle.Combined with previous research on the mineralogenetic epoch(99.32± 0.01 Ma),we further confirm that the mineralization of the deposit occurred in the late Early Cretaceous,which coincides with the extension of the continental margin induced by subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate.The formation of the ore deposit was proceeded by a series of magmatic and hydrothermal events,including melting of enriched juvenile crust,upwelling,the eruption and emplacement of the rhyolitic magma,the exsolution and accumulation of magmatic hydrothermal fluid,decompression,the cooling and immiscibility/boiling of the fluid,and mixing of the magmatic fluid with meteoric water,in association with water-rock interaction.     

山东莱州新城金矿床流体包裹体

山东新城金矿是胶东焦家-新城成矿带上重要的蚀变岩型金矿床。矿体主要赋存在焦家断裂带下盘靠近主裂面的黄铁绢英岩和黄铁绢英岩化碎裂岩内,严格受焦家断裂构造控制。矿石矿物主要有黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、自然金、银金矿和辉银矿等。区内围岩蚀变类型主要有黄铁绢英岩化、绢英岩化、绢云母化、硅化、钾化和碳酸盐化等,且矿化主要与黄铁绢英岩化和硅化关系密切。本次研究主要针对新城金矿床深部矿石中的流体包裹体进行了岩相学、显微测温、单个包裹体成分激光拉曼光谱及氢、氧同位素分析研究。研究表明：该矿床深部矿石中纯CO₂包裹体数量有明显增加现象,同时发育含CO₂包裹体和气液两相包裹体;成矿流体具有低盐度(w(NaCl))（2.06%~10.24%）、低密度（0.54~0.97 g/cm³）的特点;主成矿温度为260~300 ℃,成矿压力为65~113 MPa,成矿深度为6.51~8.82 km。成矿过程中流体经历了CO₂-NaCl-H₂O体系的不混溶作用。氢、氧同位素分析认为,成矿流体δD_SMOW为－75.1‰～－61.4‰,δ¹⁸O_水为4.80‰～6.40‰,并将新城金矿床与典型“焦家式”金矿床成矿流体特征及来源进行对比,认为新城金矿成矿流体主要以幔源流体为主。综合研究表明,新城金矿床成因类型为幔源流体参与成矿的中温热液脉型金矿床。     

闪锌矿中单个流体包裹体成分LA-ICP-MS分析及其指示意义：以南岭新田岭钨矿床为例

单个流体包裹体成分LA-ICP-MS分析在精准示踪成矿物质来源和精细刻画成矿过程方面具有独特优势,但已有研究主要聚焦于透明的脉石矿物中的流体包裹体,对用于矿石矿物较少,二者之间有何异同特别是谁更能代表成矿流体组成目前研究薄弱。闪锌矿是岩浆热液矿床和MVT型矿床中常见的矿石矿物,其通常发育流体包裹体并在透射光下具有透明-半透明特征,是研究流体包裹体较为理想的矿石矿物。文章选择南岭新田岭钨矿硫化物阶段的闪锌矿及共生石英为研究对象,开展流体包裹体成分LA-ICP-MS对比分析。分析结果显示,闪锌矿和石英中的流体包裹体组成存在较大差异,前者异常富Cu、Ag和Sn等金属元素,后者富Li、B、Na、K、Rb、Sr、Cs和Pb等元素。结合闪锌矿本身微量元素特征,文章认为元素Cu、Ag和Sn的超常富集与其从寄主矿物扩散进入流体包裹体有关。在基于大离子亲石元素的流体成因类型判别图中,闪锌矿和石英中的流体包裹体组成均能有效示踪成矿流体来源,但后者示踪效果更好。总体而言,共生石英中流体包裹体组成可能更能代表成矿流体组成,闪锌矿因其莫氏硬度较低、金属元素含量高等原因,元素易发生后期扩散/改变,流体包裹体组成可能不能代表真实流体信息。在研究矿石矿物流体包裹体时,需谨慎对待某些元素的超常富集。综合研究脉石矿物流体包裹体和矿石矿物本身元素组成是成矿流体研究更准确的手段。