中国东部中生代钼矿成岩-成矿时差

与岩浆成因相关的钼矿床成岩-成矿时差是确定矿床与岩浆岩成因关系的重要基础.本文根据收集的中国东部中生代典型钼矿床的成矿及相关岩体的同位素测年数据,详细讨论并定量厘定了钼矿的成岩-成矿时差分布特征.结果表明,钼矿成矿同步或略滞后于同源岩浆活动,中国东部整个钼矿成矿高峰的两个阶段时差介于0～10.0 Ma和0～15.0 Ma;对于单个钼矿床,其成岩-成矿时差集中在0～14.0 Ma,均值为3.9 Ma;从斑岩型钼矿床→斑岩-矽卡岩型钼矿床→矽卡岩型钼矿床→石英脉型钼矿床,成岩-成矿时差呈逐渐增加趋势,这与岩浆热液成矿过程的地质事实吻合.     

中国东部钼矿成矿背景与成岩-成矿时差讨论

中国东部中生代钼矿带属滨太平洋成矿域,钼矿床多沿不同构造单元的交界部位及区域性深大断裂呈带状分布,集中分布在东秦岭、燕辽、长江中下游、南岭和大兴安岭等钼矿成矿带。结合前人成果,以典型矿床为例,初步讨论了中国东部各个钼矿成矿带的成矿背景,成矿很可能与碰撞造山后的伸展背景和(或)太平洋板块俯冲有关。文章根据收集到的中国东部典型钼矿床的成矿年龄及相关岩体的同位素测年数据,详细讨论并定量厘定了钼矿床的成岩与成矿时差。结果表明,钼矿成矿同步或略滞后于同源岩浆活动,两个成矿高峰的时差分别为0～10.0 Ma和0～15.0 Ma;对于单个矿床,成岩_成矿时差集中在0～14.0 Ma,均值为4.1 Ma;从斑岩型→斑岩-矽卡岩型→矽卡岩型→石英脉型钼矿床,成岩-成矿时差呈递增趋势,这恰与岩浆热液成矿过程的客观地质事实相吻合。     

南岭中生代陆壳重熔型花岗岩类成岩成矿的有关问题

南岭是中国重要的钨锡多金属成矿带。岩浆活动及成矿作用具有多阶段性的特点，成岩成矿作用具有统一的地质背景及构造应力场。陆壳重熔型花岗岩类不同成岩阶段具有极为一致的稀土元素分布模式，暗示它们的定位和冷却都是在深部同源岩浆分异事件中形成的；岩石和矿石稀土球粒陨石标准化曲线有着相似的变化特征，反映成矿与岩浆活动有着密切的成因联系，物质来源上具有一致性；矿石硫化物和岩石长石Pb同位素组成相近，显示成岩成矿物质有明显的亲缘关系。结合多数情况下矿脉切穿已固结岩体的地质事实，推测燕山中期陆壳重熔型花岗岩类成岩成矿物质主体来自深部同一岩浆源区，为同源岩浆分异演化不同阶段的产物；燕山晚期花岗质火山-侵入杂岩与相关锡铀矿化空间上密切伴生，物质来源也具同源性。典型复式岩体同源岩浆不同阶段侵位及相匹配的成矿作用时差一般小于10．0Ma，集中在0～8．0Ma。结合华南中生代岩石圈多次伸展活动的区域背景及矿床（田）地质特征，推测南岭地区的多阶段成岩成矿作用是脉动式构造演化的产物，成岩成矿物质来自深部同一岩浆房的不同演化阶段。     

中国东南部某些热液矿床的成岩成矿时差序列及有关问题讨论

根据一些热液矿床和赋矿岩浆岩的同位素年龄资料,结合矿床地质研究表明,其成岩成矿时差序列为钨铍铌钽→铜铅锌→金银→萤石依次增大。该序列与成矿元素的S_(298)~0/di值递增序列一致,也与矿床的成矿温度从高到低、深度由深至浅、成矿流体来源以岩浆热液到大气降水为主的成矿特征一致。并且随着成岩成矿时差增大,含矿构造由较密集分布的节理或裂隙转变为非常稀疏分布的断裂或断层。     

甘肃礼县杜沟金矿床地质地球化学特征及成因分析

杜沟金矿床位于秦岭华力西褶皱带北亚带西段,赋存于中川岩体外接触带的李坝群中,受岩体和断裂双重控制。矿床自然类型为构造蚀变岩型金矿,矿床规模已达大型。笔者从赋矿地层,控矿构造,脉岩与成矿关系、矿石特征、围岩蚀变等方面阐述了矿床地质特征。并通过对成矿流体、稳定同位素、稀土元素的研究,阐明了杜沟金矿床的地球化学特征。以及对同位素地球化学的研究表明,硫同位素δ34S变化范围小,均一性强,显示与中川花岗岩体侵入活动有关。氢氧同位素在δD-δ18O图上投落在岩浆水和大气水之间,说明成矿热流体为混合热液。铅同位素研究属铀铅混染形成的异常铅,中川花岗杂岩体为一富铀岩体,说明成矿与中川岩体有一定的成因联系。根据铅同位素、锶同位素测定结果,杜沟金矿的主要成矿期为燕山早期(171.6~173.4Ma)与中川岩体的成矿年龄接近(181.5~219Ma)。中泥盆李坝群在其沉积成岩过程中形成金的初始富集。断裂构造控制着金矿的分布与定位,岩浆岩是成矿的重要热动力源,是金矿形成的主导因素,也是成矿的必要条件。沿断裂形成的富含成矿物质的热卤水,最终富集成矿。矿床成因类型为岩浆期后热液和地下热卤水溶滤复合型金矿床。岩体周围1~5km构造热动力叠加改造的矿源层是最佳的成矿找矿地区。对矿床地质地球化学特征及成因进行探讨,对甘肃境内礼(县)—岷(县)成矿带上寻找同类型矿床有一定的指导意义。     

闹枝金矿床与中生代火山岩系的成因关系探讨

吉林省闹枝金矿成因与中生代火山岩系关系密切，矿体产出于次火山岩脉成群成带集中分布区，两者受同一体系的构造裂隙控制，产状相似。稀土元素、同位素、包裹体等地球化学特征显示成矿物质主要源于岩浆热液，与火山岩系同源。成岩与成矿是同一岩浆作用不同阶段的产物。该矿床属火山—次火山热液型金矿     

湘南多金属矿集区岩浆热液成矿作用研究进展

南岭成矿带中段湘南地区广泛出露中酸性岩浆岩,具有面积广、规模大、成矿独特等特征。岩体周缘多分布世界级的超大型-大型钨锡铅锌矿床等,因其特有的成矿作用使之成为国内外研究华南陆内成矿作用的典范。在大量收集该区成矿花岗岩岩石学数据、成岩-成矿年代学、同位素地球化学等数据的基础上,对比研究了湘南多金属矿集区多矿床成矿岩体主量、微量、稀土元素、Sr-Nd-Hf同位素、成岩成矿年代学和稳定同位素组成特征,分析探讨了该区成岩成矿作用、成矿专属性、成矿物源和动力学背景等。结果表明:岩体的主微量元素特征指示湘南花岗岩类型复杂且均有明显的成矿专属性,多金属成矿作用与花岗岩具有密切的时空关系,成岩时代的峰值介于240～230 Ma(印支期)和160～150 Ma(燕山期)两个区间,多金属成矿高峰期为燕山早中期;稳定同位素组成指示成矿物质主要来源于岩浆,后期受地层和大气降水的混染作用明显。Sr-Nd-Hf同位素显示该区花岗岩的源区以壳源为主,兼有少量幔源混合的特征。综合研究认为,今后需进一步深化多金属复合成矿机理、岩浆演化、构造系统与岩浆热液成矿系统的联合控矿机理等方面的深入研究,揭示成岩成矿构造的深延格局,...     

皖南宁国大坞尖钨钼矿床成岩成矿年龄——以花岗闪长斑岩锆石U-Pb和辉钼矿Re-Os年龄为依据

大坞尖矿床位于钦杭成矿带东段北缘,是皖南地区典型的层控矽卡岩型矿床,矿床成岩成矿时代的确定对于该矿床成因研究及区域成矿规律认识具有重要意义。在详细的野外地质工作基础上,采集大坞尖矿床与成矿有关的岩浆岩样品和主成矿期的矿石矿物辉钼矿,分别利用LA-ICP-MS U-Pb和Re-Os同位素定年方法,获得岩浆岩的成岩年龄(148.3±2.2Ma、148.5±2.1Ma)和成矿年龄(144.4±1.5Ma)。通过区域对比,认为大坞尖矿床属于皖南地区燕山期第一阶段(150~136Ma)岩浆岩侵入的产物,该阶段是皖南地区重要的钨钼矿成矿时期,形成于古特提斯构造域向滨太平洋构造域转换过程中的区域挤压环境。     

甘肃西秦岭金矿富集区花岗岩与金成矿作用的关系

依据甘肃西秦岭金矿富集区矿床和相关花岗岩的同位素年龄和稳定同位素数据,探讨了该区金矿床成矿作用与花岗岩成岩作用的关系及成矿物质来源。从数据显示,成岩和成矿作用均发生在侏罗纪;成岩年龄集中分布在200Ma~171Ma;大规模成矿作用年龄分布在195Ma~140Ma;成矿事件同步或略滞后于花岗岩浆活动;相关花岗岩是地壳物质重熔而成的S型;花岗岩浆侵入是该区金矿形成的主导因素;成矿物质和流体来源于地壳。     

粤东嵩溪银矿形成的区域地质背景、成矿特征及成因

嵩溪银矿位于粤东晚古生代梅县-惠阳坳陷带的北段,晚侏罗世陆相火山岩盆地的边缘。区域成矿地质背景研究表明,晚侏罗世是粤东构造岩浆活动最强烈时期,火山岩的原始成岩物质来源于下地壳。地质勘探表明矿体在空间上呈脉状分布于早、中侏罗世的地层中,受断裂构造控制,矿石的结构构造和蚀变的分带性说明矿床具典型的热液矿床特征。矿石的铅同位素组成具壳幔混合铅特征,成矿物质来源于深部岩浆;矿石硫同位素组成和与成矿有关的石英脉的氢氧同位素、方解石脉的碳同位素组成特征,说明成矿热液以岩浆热液为主。根据矿床的矿化蚀变特征和成矿物质、成矿热液来源,结合区域成矿地质背景、矿区周边岩浆岩分布特征和岩浆岩成份及其来源的综合分析,认为嵩溪大型银矿床的形成与晚侏罗世陆相火山作用有关,矿床成因类型为陆相火山岩浆期后热液脉状矿床。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of