塔里木河下游丛枝菌根植物的侵染

通过对塔里木河下游自然和人工植物群落中的15种主要建群种植物根系菌根的定殖状况的调查及对菌根侵染部位、菌根中的泡囊、丛枝和菌丝的观察,其结果显示:其中11种植物可被AM真菌侵染,占所调查植物种总数的73.33%,野生乡土植物表现出较高的菌根侵染率和侵染强度,其中有84.62%的植物为菌根植物,且乔木、多年生草本和灌木类植物全部为菌根植物,一年生草本植物未见AM真菌侵染;人工引入种蓼科的泡果沙拐枣(Calligonum junceum)和藜科的梭梭柴(Haloxylon ammodendron)均未见有AM真菌侵染。丛枝菌根真菌侵染率、侵染强度与植物所属的科属关系较密切,也与真菌群落所处时空环境及土壤深度有关。     

丛枝菌根真菌在荒漠化防治中的作用及应用潜力

丛枝菌根真菌是重要的微生物资源,能与绝大部分植物根系形成共生关系,其共生体系在生态环境建设和荒漠化防治中具有较高的应用价值.丛枝菌根真菌能够增加植物对营养元素的吸收,促进植物生长,增强植物的抗旱、耐盐碱、抗病以及重金属耐性,提高植物对胁迫环境的适应性.从丛枝菌根真菌的植物生理学作用、对荒漠化地区植物群落的影响、在荒漠化...     

云南省湿地珍稀濒危野生维管植物资源初步研究

为厘清云南省湿地珍稀濒危野生维管植物名录,根据文献资料统计分析其濒危等级、生活型与生态型、区系和资源植物。结果表明：云南省湿地共有珍稀濒危野生维管植物50科96属157种,其中被《国家重点野生保护植物名录（2021版）》收录37种,被《中国生物多样性红色名录—高等植物卷（2013）》收录108种,被《云南省生物物种红色名录（2017版）》收录115种,被《云南省极小种群野生植物保护名录（2021版）》收录4种,被IUCN物种红色名录收录102种;生活型划分为多年生草本138种、一年生草本13种、灌木5种、乔木1种;生态型划分为湿生植物118种、沼生植物15种、沉水植物11种、挺水植物9种、浮叶植物4种;属的分布区类型可划分为12种类型和8种变型,温带性质明显,热带性质是其重要组成,中国特有分布突出;从资源多样性来看,可划分为观赏植物、药用植物、食用植物等8类。提出云南省湿地珍稀濒危植物保护建议,以期为该区湿地植物的保护管理提供科学参考。     

西北荒漠区6种珍稀濒危植物的种子微形态特征

首次报道了我国沙区6种珍稀濒危植物的种子微形态结构的光镜及扫描电镜观察结果。实验结果表明:沙冬青、四合木、半日花等6种珍稀濒危植物的种子微形态特征呈现出丰富的多样性,且大多具有复杂精细的表面纹饰。     

极端干旱区胡杨根围丛枝菌根真菌的分离与鉴

 以极端干旱区塔里木河下游处于干旱胁迫下的天然胡杨为研究对象,采用传统形态鉴定法和分子生物技术,研究了胡杨根围土壤中丛枝菌根真菌。结果表明：处于干旱胁迫下的胡杨根围土壤中丛枝菌根真菌孢子密度较低,且孢子种类单一,经形态鉴定和分子生物学鉴定,孢子为球囊霉属的摩西球囊霉〖WTBX〗Glomus mosseae[WTBZ] （T.H. Nicolson &; Gerd.）,孢子在土壤中单生、根内生或孢子果内形成;圆形,近圆形,直径150~220 μm,浅黄色至黄褐色;孢壁3层,L1和L2无色透明,L3浅黄至黄褐色。连孢菌丝单根,连点漏斗状。胡杨根系内存在丛枝菌根真菌的泡囊结构,分子检测表明摩西球囊霉[WTBX]Glomus mosseae[WTBZ]与胡杨根系形成共生关系,但是胡杨根系的菌根侵染率及根系的菌根侵染强度均不高。     

秦岭珍稀濒危植物资源的利用价值与保护

秦岭分布着国家保护的珍稀濒危植物４２种,其中属国家一级保护１种,二级保护１５种,三级保护２６种．这些珍稀濒危植物在医药、木材、花卉、化工等方面具有较高的开发利用价值     

浙江山区珍稀濒危植物的分布特征与保护

浙江山区的珍稀濒危植物较为丰富，有６７科、１０８属、１２５种．论述了当地珍稀濒危植物的特点、地理分布、属和种的地理成分，探讨了珍稀濒危植物的就地保护、迁地保护和离体保存．     

连栽杉木丛枝菌根真菌侵染率和土壤性质的关系

杉木连栽常导致地力退化,但连栽是否影响丛枝菌根真菌的侵染率并不清楚。以福建三明粉砂岩发育红壤上的连栽杉木为对象,研究了杉木细根丛枝菌根真菌侵染率与土壤性质的关系,分析了杉木连栽影响杉木根系菌根侵染率的主导因素。结果表明,杉木连栽没有显著导致土壤退化现象,二代林杉木细根丛枝菌根真菌侵染率显著高于一代和三代林,一代和三代林之间没有明显差异。通过主成分分析发现,在杉木连栽时,影响杉木丛枝菌根真菌侵染率的主导土壤因子是全氮、容重、SOC和速效磷含量。因此,通过改善土壤结构、提高土壤有机质含量和土壤速效磷含量,在一定程度上可能增加杉木菌根真菌的侵染率,从而有利于提升杉木人工林的生产力。     

广州市珍稀濒危植物水松的种群现状与保护策略

水松［Glyptostrobus pensilis（Stanunt.）K. Koch］为我国 I级重点保护野生植物之一,曾于珠江三角洲地区普遍生长。但由于近 50 a 来人类活动的强烈干扰,其野生种群和个体数量骤减,世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）已将水松评估为“极危”状态。文章以实测法进行野外调查,结果表明：广州市野生水松古树在近 5 a 间快速消亡,现仅存 8 个种群共 14 株个体,且半数处于生长不良或濒死状态;种群个体数量少,仅包括 1~4 株水松,无法进行自然更新;这些水松长期未得到科学合理的保护,如不采取有效保育措施,残酷的生存压力可能导致大部分种群的快速死亡。因此,在广州地区开展水松的就地和迁地保护、扩大种群的个体数量、开展水松的保护遗传学和监测人工林种群的遗传结构变化情况等研究,应成为目前保护和拯救本地区水松种群及其遗传多样性的必要策略。     

Biogeographical patterns of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi diversity in China's grasslands

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) are universally mutualistic symbionts that colonize the fine roots of most vascular plants. However, the biogeographical patterns and driving factors of AMF diversity of plant roots in grasslands are not well investigated. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing techniques and bioinformatics to evaluate the AMF richness of 333 individual plant roots in 21 natural grassland ecosystems in northern China, including the Loess Plateau(LP), the Mongolian Plateau(MP), and the Tibetan Plateau(TP). The AMF richness showed a significant parabolic trend with increasing longitude. In regional situations, the AMF richness in the grasslands of the MP(60.4 ± 1.47) was significantly higher than those of the LP(46.4 ± 1.43) and TP(44.3 ± 1.64). Plant traits(including plant families, genera, and functional groups) explained the most variation in the AMF richness across China's grasslands, followed by energy and water; soil properties had the least effects. The results showed the biogeographical patterns of the AMF richness and the underlying dominant factors, providing synthetic data compilation and analyses in the AMF diversity in China's grasslands.     

Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere of Asteriscus maritimus (L.) Less., a representative plant species in arid and saline Mediterranean ecosystems

Native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) from saline areas could be a critical issue for success in recovering areas affected by salinity, either in natural environments or in agricultural lands. Despite its important role, there is little information on the distribution and abundance of the different mycorrhizal associations in saline environments in European Mediterranean areas. In the present study the community of AMF is investigated in the rhizosphere of a representative plant species adapted to saline Mediterranean areas, Asteriscus maritimus. Samples of the rhizosphere of twenty plants were taken from the most arid region in Europe, Cabo de Gata Natural Park, in two different areas: a dune and a salt marsh. A total of 30 AMF species belonging to three classes, five orders, nine families and 13 genera within the phylum Glomeromycota were found from both sites. In the rhizosphere of the salt marsh spore densities were six times higher than in the dunes, although the diversity was similar in both systems. One new AMF species has been described in the dune and four species could not be unequivocally identified, suggesting possible new species.     

Benefits of mycorrhizal inoculation in reintroduction of endangered plant species under drought conditions

Numerous human activities constitute threats to biodiversity. The effects of climate change, including increasing drought in already arid lands, pose an additional layer of uncertainty in the fate of rare species. In the case of plants, reintroduction is becoming an important active management practice in species conservation. We hypothesized that even under extreme drought inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi would increase growth rates of an endangered plant in experimental reintroduction. We selected a plant species, Abronia macrocarpa, and conducted the experiment in Texas while the area was experiencing mild and extreme drought intensities. Treatment plots were planted with seed inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and control plots were planted with seed coated with autoclaved inoculant. We analyzed measurements of growth and development of germinated plants. Mean number of leaves was greater in treatment plants (P = 0.005) and mean aerial diameter was larger in treatment plants (P = 0.02) than in control plants. Significantly improved growth suggests that inoculation is a viable technique to increase reintroduction success in plant species especially during periods of drought.     

Cluster planting impact on cotton growth,yield and biomass accumulation in an arid region oasis

The cluster planting pattern(3 plants per hole) for cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) may increase economic yield over those of the traditional planting pattern(1 plant per hole) in arid regions of China. This increase in yield depends on either increased biomass production or greater partitioning to fruit. This study was conducted to determine whether differences in biomass accumulation or partitioning to reproductive growth contributed to higher yield in the cluster planting pattern compared with the traditional one. Growth parameters, biomass accumulation, crop growth rate and partitioning between cluster planting pattern and traditional planting pattern was compared in northwest of China. The biomass production and partitioning in cluster planting plot was higher than in traditional planting one. Biomass accumulation was faster early in the clustered treatment, and it was also higher at harvest time. Total dry matter production per unit area was significantly higher than in the traditional planting. On a per plant basis, dry matter accumulation was faster and total biomass production was significantly higher in the cluster planting pattern. Numbers of sympodia and boll sizes were also larger, indicating that facilitation among plants was promoting crop yield. The increase in yield in the cluster planting treatment occurred through increased partitioning of dry matter to fruits than in the traditional planting pattern, resulting in more bolls and increased lint yield in arid regions.     

Impact of soil conditions on the physiological characteristics of maize plants in an arid region,Northwest China

Overuse of irrigation water to ensure the crop yield of maize plants has caused serious water shortage problems in the middle reach of Heihe River, China. Thus, further research on the physiological characteristics, i.e., photosynthetic rate and leaf transpiration rate, are urgently needed to develop an efficient irrigation management system. In this paper, we selected two common soil textures (sandy loam, sand) and three one-time irrigation volumes (60 mm, 20 mm, 0 mm) in order to analyze the impact of soil conditions on the physiological characteristics of maize plants. Physiological and meteorological factors, soil water content and plant growing parameters were synchronously monitored on Jun. 30, Jul. 25 and Aug. 27 of 2012. The results indicate that sandy loam is better than sand for the growth of maize plants and single irrigation may provide limited influence on the physiological characteristics. Thus, increasing irrigation times and decreasing one-time volume is suggested for an efficient irrigation system.     

Effects of sand burial on dune plants: a review

Burial of different growth stages of plants （e.g., adult plants, seedlings and seeds） is frequent in dune ecosystems. The soil micro-environment, which differs from surface conditions, influences the survival and growth of dune plants. To sum up knowledge about the survival mechanisms of plants under sand burial and to promote practical rehabilitation of dune vegetation, we reviewed relevant published literature and concluded that： （1） Focus in recent years has been on impacts of sand burial on seed germination and seedling emergence. Generally, shallow burial increased seed germination and seedling emergence, but deeper burial was negative. Buried at the same depth, large seeds showed higher germination and seedling emergence rates, attributed to larger energy reserves. （2） Survival, growth and reproduction rates of dune plants show plasticity in response to sand burial. Long-term deep burial is fatal because it creates a physical barrier which overcomes the vertical growth of plants, reduces photosynthetic leaf area, and limits oxygen availability to roots. Modest burial, on the other hand, is advantageous for growth and reproduction of many dune plants, due to protection from excessive temperature and drought. （3） There are few reports concerning effects of sand burial on plant physiology, but a limited number of studies indicate that partial burial increases water use efficiency, chlorophyll content, transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rates. The antioxidant protective enzyme system and osmolyte balance were reported to be involved in the mechanisms of dune plant resistance to burial.     

西藏珍稀濒危植物区系特征及其保护

西藏是我国乃至世界上生物多样性最丰富和最典型的地区之一,拥有较多的珍稀濒危植物。综合《中国植物红皮书》(第一册)和《国家重点保护野生植物名录》(第一批),西藏有珍稀濒危植物33科48属54种,在对其区系成分进行统计分析的基础上,探讨了其区系成分特点及地理分布特征,结果表明,西藏珍稀濒危植物具有区系地理成分复杂多样,温带性质较热带性质明显,特有属少而特有种类较多,水平和垂直分布不均匀等特征。提出了进一步加强珍稀濒危植物保护的意见。     

藏北草原主要植物AM真菌的初步研究

通过调查藏北草原AM真菌种质资源及菌根侵染率,对藏北特定生态环境条件下,各种类型草原主要植物AM真菌的多样性及其与不同生态环境因子之间的相互关系进行了分析。从藏北草原主要植物根围土壤中共分离出4属AM真菌。总体上,孢子密度、分离频度、相对多度和重要值显著的Glomus>Acaulospora>Paraglomus>Scutellospora趋势。其中Glomus、Acaulospora均为优势属,Glomus的优势属地位极为突出;寄主植物、海拔、土壤条件对于AM真菌的种类组成,孢子密度及分离频度均有显著影响。