劈裂砂岩有、无砂粒填充条件下的多因素对渗流量影响对比分析

采用宜昌劈裂砂岩,在有、无砂岩填充条件下,分别从轴压、围压、劈裂面面积、凹凸高差、迹线长度、劈裂面2D投影面积、进出口长度、结构面粗糙度对渗流量的影响规律进行了对比分析。研究结果表明：有、无砂粒填充下轴压与渗流量均呈线性递增关系;无填充时围压与渗流量呈对数递减关系,有充填时围压与渗流量呈线性关系;无充填时渗流量与流面积呈三次函数关系,而充填后过流面积对渗流量几乎无影响;凹凸高差、2D面积与渗流量的关系也有相似规律,分析认为,这主要是砂粒充填后带来的过流通道要远大于上述三因素对过流通道的改变;无充填时,渗流量随迹线长度线性递减,有填充时该规律被淹没;无论有、无填充,渗流量与过流面粗糙度系数在一定范围内均呈现二次函数关系。这些规律能指导渗流测量时各因素的优先次序,可有效减少对次要影响因素的测量工作,同时可对渗流的数值模拟提供参考。     

滑动测微管抗渗能力的测试装置及试验研究

使用滑动测微技术进行桩身内力测试,测管安装时的防渗处理是该技术实现高质量测试的关键,已有处理措施鲜有其防渗效果的定量研究。研发了一套滑动测微管抗渗能力测试装置,对3种常用防渗处理措施不同压差下的渗流量进行了测定,得到计算渗流量的公式,结合现场条件分析了测管安装的注意事项。结果表明,测管内压力大时的渗流量要远大于测管外压力大时的渗流量;涂胶是一种效果非常好的防渗措施,采用该措施后一般不会有超过0.005 mm粒径的颗粒进入测管;增加测管内水头有利于减少杂质进入测管,但测管内水头不能高出桩孔内液面太多;灌注混凝土后,若测管内有水溢出应封闭测管限制水的溢出,若测管内水位下降,则应开放测管允许气体进入测管。     

降雨入渗非饱和黏土边坡稳定性的极限平衡条分法研究

考虑非饱和黏土边坡的基质吸力和渗流力,根据水位线位于滑面上、下的临界平衡状态,分别建立了滑体条块极限平衡状态下力和力矩平衡式,获得了降雨条件下非饱和黏土边坡稳定性的极限平衡条分法计算式。通过试验、参量变换以及作用力的位置关系可以确定相关参量,并采用数值计算求解临界平衡状态下滑体条块的相互作用力系数和非饱和边坡安全系数。案例结果表明：考虑渗流力时的非饱和黏土边坡安全系数比不考虑渗流力的安全系数降低约13.8%,且考虑渗流力作用的条间力作用系数变化率明显大于不考虑渗流力的结果;当降雨强度超过一定值时,坡面径流很快形成,边坡出现不稳定的时间基本相同。     

无压渗流问题分析的多节点有限元方法

采用基于平均值插值的多节点有限元方法分析有自由面渗流问题。在自由面附近采用多节点单元逼近自由面,利用平均值插值建立多节点单元的形函数,在远离自由面的区域采用四边形/三角形单元剖分。给定一个初始自由面位置,通过对渗流控制方程的多节点有限元求解,根据自由面上节点水头值判断自由面节点的调整方向和大小,最终迭代求出自由面的位置。土坝渗流问题的数值分析表明了所提方法的有效性和足够的计算精度。     

Influence of three-dimensional roughness of rock fracture on seepage characteristics based on the digital image technology

Digital image processing technology can objectively reflect the surface roughness of coal and rock mass fractures and turn physical properties such as fluctuation height to physical data of the rock fracture surface to be used for numerical analyses; thus, it can effectively be applied to the seepage flow analysis of rock fractures. First, clear digital images of the fracture surface height are obtained under the same camera conditions, and then characteristic function values specific to various structure are normalized. Subsequently, the fluctuation height distribution of the rock surface is restored according to the measured fluctuation heights of local points. Finally, according to the surface fluctuation of fractures, invasive restructuring is carried out for three-dimensional fractures in the same coordinate system. Obtained physical parameters on the three-dimensional fractures of the rock are inputted into the COMSOL Multiphysics software to obtain the characteristic three-dimensional model of the rock fracture surface. The numerical analysis results are compared with experimental data on fracture seepage obtained from a seepage coupling true triaxial test system, and the relevance between the simulated result and the physical experiment is higher than 90%, which confirms that the integration of the digital image technology and the numerical analysis method can effectively simulate seepage in rough fractures. The hydraulic gradient of rough fractures and seepage velocity are also consistent with Forchheimer flow characteristics.     

岩体裂隙网络非稳定渗流分析与数值模拟

针对裂隙岩体的非稳定渗流问题,通过将Darcy定理扩展到包含干区的整个裂隙网络区域,并令潜在溢出边界条件为Signorini型互补边界条件,将湿区上的非稳定渗流问题转化为全域上的一个新的初边值问题。为降低试探函数选取的难度,建立与定义在整个裂隙网络区域上的偏微分方程（PDE）提法等价的抛物型变分不等式（PVI）提法,并给出裂隙网络非稳定渗流分析的有限元数值分析格式和迭代算法,与砂槽模型试验数据的对比分析,验证其有效性。最后,将文中发展的计算方法应用到含复杂裂隙网络的边坡非稳定渗流分析,计算结果很好地反映出边坡内部自由面随库水降落的变化规律,并能准确地描述裂隙网络内部渗流运动特征及流量分布的不均匀性。     

考虑三维形貌特征粗糙裂隙加卸载渗流规律研究

裂隙岩体在天然地质因素和人工扰动作用下处于加卸载环境是普遍存在的,裂隙面的几何特征和加卸载环境对裂隙渗流特性的影响在实际工程中不可忽视。采用试验和数值模拟相结合的方法,利用热-流-固三场耦合渗流试验系统,开展了应力加卸载作用下不同粗糙度裂隙岩芯试件的渗透试验,自主开发程序将激光扫描裂隙面的三维形貌信息导入到ABAQUS软件,模拟应力作用下的粗糙裂隙渗流。试验和数值模拟一致表明,粗糙裂隙的宽度和渗透率都随载荷的增加而减小,随着载荷的增加,裂隙接触刚度增大,裂隙的宽度和渗透率对载荷变化的敏感性降低;由于点接触产生的塑性变形不可恢复,卸载阶段的裂隙宽度和渗透率增加幅度减小,且小于加载阶段同载荷条件下的宽度和渗透率;裂隙渗透率、宽度与粗糙度呈正相关关系,且粗糙度越大,接触应力分布越不均匀;裂隙内流场符合群岛流,粗糙度越大群岛流现象越明显。     

表面渗流对生态边坡中客土稳定性影响研究

讨论表面渗流对生态边坡中客土稳定性的影响,设计并进行了同一种客土的无渗流和表面渗流情况下的稳定性试验。表面渗流情况下客土的破坏模式与无渗流情况下相同,即一条沿平面网上表面的平行于原边坡坡面的直线滑动面。利用表面渗流情况下的客土稳定性试验结果,验证了杨俊杰等提出的客土稳定设计图表的适用性。试验结果和理论分析均表明,渗流使客土的稳定性显著降低。     

边坡渗流耦合变形分析方法的研究及其应用

边坡在渗流作用下应力场会发生变化,是渗流场耦合应力场的作用结果。给出了一种考虑饱和-非饱和流渗影响的边坡弹塑性有限元分析方法,采用了不同含水量对抗剪强度影响的模型,求解带有渗透力作用项的土体弹塑性平衡方程得到边坡的应力应变分布,并应用于某滑坡的实际降雨分析。该实例分析证实,由于渗流作用影响,边坡变形加大,最后形成潜在滑动面。利用渗流耦合变形的弹塑性有限元法分析大气降雨造成土体滑坡的变形和发展是可行的,其在实际工程中的应用是成功的。     

渗透性与降雨强度对堆积层滑坡稳定性的影响

本文基于非饱和渗流理论及非饱和土的Fredlund双应力变量强度理论,对一沿岩土接触面滑动的堆积层滑坡模型,分别进行了8种条件下的降雨入渗数值模拟试验,研究了不同土体渗透性及降雨强度对滑坡稳定性的影响。结果表明:(1)堆积层滑坡的稳定性与土体的渗透性有密切关系,在降雨后的短期内,土体渗透性越好,滑面孔隙水压力升高越明显,滑坡的稳定性降低程度越大;(2)降雨期间,埋深较浅的滑面,入渗雨水能够较快到达,对滑坡稳定性的影响较大;(3)在相同的降雨时间内,降雨强度越大,滑坡稳定性降低速率越快;(4)降雨强度影响着滑坡发生的滞后性,在降雨总量一定的条件下,若降雨强度较大,雨停后,滑坡稳定性继续下降的程度较大;(5)降雨总量控制着滑坡的最终稳定性。     

稳定渗流条件下土坡稳定性分析的一种新方法

在提出随机角生成曲线滑动面方法的基础上,通过改变选定参数来搜索临界滑动面,对渗流作用下的不同士质边坡进行稳定性分析.考虑渗流效应时,将士体视为三种土条划分情况,并进行受力分析,推导出简化Janbu法中土条的浮力和渗透力计算公式.同时,对实际渗流场做出合理简化,以便应用于计算机编程.算例对比分析表明:①此方法计算出的最小...     

Multiphase SPH modeling of free surface flow in porous media with variable porosity

This paper presents a numerical model for simulating free surface flow in porous media with spatially varying porosity. The governing equations are based on the mixture theory. The resistance forces between solid and fluid is assumed to be nonlinear. A multiphase SPH approach is presented to solve the governing equations. In the multiphase SPH, water is modeled as a weakly compressible fluid, and solid phase is discretized by fixed solid particles carrying information of porosity. The model is validated by several numerical examples including seepage through specimen, fast flow through rockfill dam and wave interaction with porous structure. Good agreements between numerical results and experimental data are obtained in terms of flow rate and evolution of free surface. Parameter study shows that (1) the nonlinear resistance law provides more accurate results; (2) particle size and porosity have significant influence on the porous flow.     

平行于水平面表面渗流对生态边坡中客土稳定性影响研究

设定平行于水平面表面渗流情况下客土破坏模式为一条沿平面网上表面的平行于原边坡坡面的直线滑动面。根据此破坏模式,采用无限坡模型进行客土的稳定性分析,推导出有地震、平行于水平面表面渗流作用下的客土稳定厚度的通式。通过对通式中参数取值的讨论,给出了各种情况下的客土稳定设计图表。利用平行于水平面表面渗流和平行于坡面表面渗流情况下的客土稳定设计图表,进行了两种情况下客土稳定性的对比。结果表明,客土失稳厚度相同时,平行于水平面表面渗流比平行于坡面表面渗流时的客土稳定性显著降低,且客土失稳厚度越小,客土稳定性的降低更为显著。     

渗透压力对重力坝有限元分析的影响研究

针对有限元分析重力坝的应力和抗滑稳定性时,如何正确模拟作用在建基面上的扬压力的问题,通过对有限元法中不同扬压力施加方式对计算结果影响的分析比较,探讨了各自的适用性。采用平面渗流理论,分析了渗透压力对坝体变形、应力分布及抗滑稳定的影响。数值计算结果表明：坝体内渗流场形成后,将扬压力以面力的形式施加在建基面上的方法是不可取的;采用浮重度的方式模拟扬压力的作用,得出结果的可以近似地满足工程精度要求。计算结果还表明,防渗帷幕和排水孔对重力坝的应力、抗滑稳定具有较大的影响。     

对滑坡防治工程相关规范中渗流问题的研究

渗流对滑坡稳定性至关重要,在松散堆积层滑坡稳定性评价中如何正确反映渗透力的作用是岩土工程界近年来讨论的热点。目前涉及滑坡防治工程的有关国家规范已经考虑渗流的影响,但在渗透力的重复计算上存在突出的问题,一些重要的概念和原理亟待从源头上进行澄清。文中以流体力学的基本理论为依据,从渗透力概念定义的微观源头上,证明了渗透力是一种等效力。在非压缩流体条件下,无论稳定流还是非稳定渗流,渗透力与浮力的共同作用效果与周边孔隙水压力是完全等效的。针对滑坡渗流模型,从宏观上再次证明了上述等效性原理,且表明在流网比较简单的条件下,采用渗透力计算比较简便,论证了更为严格的条件下条分法的下滑力中应考虑渗透力和浮力的影响。在此基础上,对现有规范的稳定性评价和滑坡推力计算方法进行了修正,定性和定量地评价了现行规范评价方法的偏差对滑坡设计推力和工程造价影响的程度。实际算例表明,现行规范的设计推力偏大5 %以内,主体工程造价偏大幅度基本与此相当,并略低。     

Hydromechanical Analysis of Masonry Gravity Dams and their Foundations

A numerical model for the hydromechanical analysis of masonry dams based on the discrete element method is presented. The dam and the rock foundation are represented as block assemblies, and a coupled flow-stress analysis is performed in an integrated manner for the entire system. Complex block shapes may be obtained by assembling elementary blocks into macroblocks, allowing the application of the model to situations ranging from equivalent continuum to fully discontinuum analysis. A contact formulation was developed based on an accurate edge–edge approach, incorporating mechanical and hydraulic behavior. The main numerical aspects are described, with an emphasis in the flow analysis explicit algorithm. An application to an existing masonry dam is presented, analyzing its present condition, with excessive seepage, and the proposed rehabilitation intervention. An evaluation of sliding failure mechanisms was also performed, showing the expected improvement in the safety of the structure.     

工程措施影响滑坡地下水动态的数值模拟研究

大多数滑坡的发生与地下水活动有关 ,地下水的动态变化直接关系到滑坡的稳定性状况。因此 ,在滑坡治理工程中 ,首先需要研究各种影响因素和工程治理措施对坡体地下水位的影响方式 ,从而正确分析滑坡成因机制和制定合理的滑坡治理方案。基于工程滑坡实例研究 ,利用数值模拟 ,揭示了滑坡治理工程中地下排水洞的排水效果 ,分析了地表水集中入渗和设置抗滑桩后地下水渗流场的变化特征。表明数值模拟研究 ,可以有效地揭示工程措施及主要影响因素对滑坡地下水动态的影响方式 ,为滑坡治理奠定必要的基础     

Numerical simulation of groundwater flowing to horizontal seepage wells under a river

A horizontal seepage well, consisting of an interconnected vertical well, galleries, chambers and small-diameter radiating bores, is used to acquire relatively clean water that has been filtered through natural alluvial deposits in a riverbed. It has wide application, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. The lack of calculation formulae or models for horizontal seepage wells, up until now, has resulted in several false applications. Based on the analysis of groundwater flow characteristics, it has been concluded that several flow regimes coexist and hydraulic head loss exists in the horizontal seepage well. To avoid the difficulty of confirming the flux or head distribution in such a complex system, the model boundary of the whole horizontal seepage well has been moved to that of just the vertical well, and the well-aquifer system was treated as a heterogeneous medium, where the horizontal seepage well itself is a highly permeability medium. A mathematical model has been developed, based on the coupled seepage-pipe flow, by the introduction of equivalent hydraulic conductivity according to different flow regimes. Then a three-dimensional finite difference numerical model, based on the mathematical model, was developed and applied to a horizontal seepage well in China. The numerical model verified the groundwater flow characteristics of the horizontal seepage well. An erratum to this article can be found at     

岩体裂隙饱和/非饱和渗流机理初步研究

基于裂隙局部开度为平行板模型的假定,按一定分布抽样生成裂隙面上开度随机数,并分别对单裂隙饱和及非饱和渗流进行了数值模拟.裂隙饱和及非饱和渗流在渗流机理上都是由于水势差引起的,只不过在非饱和渗流情形下,湿润相水压力小于非湿润相空气的压力.饱和渗流时,水流主要集中在大开度,即“沟槽”中;而非饱和渗流时,水流运动多发生在小开度,即“狭缝”中.