湖南嘉禾大窝岭剖面吴家坪阶-长兴阶界线牙形石生物地层及一次碳同位素负偏

吴家坪阶-长兴阶界线位于这两次生物大灭绝事件之间,科学界对该界线附近是否发生重大地质事件仍然知之甚少,有关该时期的环境变化、碳循环的研究也不深入.嘉禾大窝岭剖面牙形石生物地层以及碳同位素变化的研究,为进一步探讨吴家坪期-长兴期附近的生物及环境事件提供基础材料.晚二叠世时以深水盆地相沉积为主的大窝岭剖面位于湖南省嘉禾县袁家镇附近.该剖面大隆组出露较好,岩性主要为硅质岩、硅质灰岩、灰岩以及泥岩.在大隆组中共识别出牙形石1属3种(含一个未定种):Clarkina wangi,C. deflecta,C. sp.,并识别出牙形石C. wangi带和C. changxingensis-C. deflecta组合带.根据C. wangi的首现,将大窝岭剖面的吴家坪阶-长兴阶界线(Wuchiapingian-Changhsingian boundary,简称WCB)置于第11层底部.该剖面全岩无机碳同位素数据显示在13~15层发生了一次快速的负偏,从2.18‰负偏到-1.39‰,负偏值近3.50‰,可与浙江煤山及四川上寺等剖面进行很好的对比,揭示这次碳同位素负偏在华南区域上可具对比性.      

湖南桑植县仁村坪上二叠统—下三叠统底部菊石动物群序列及其区域对比

湖南桑植县仁村坪剖面二叠-三叠系界线地层连续,菊石动物化石丰富.根据该剖面上二叠统大隆组至下三叠统大冶组底部菊石动物群的分布,自下而上划分为4个菊石带:Araxoceras-Konglingites-Sanyangites带、Sinoceltites带、Pseudotirolites-Rotodiscoceras带和Hypophiceras-Ophiceras-Lytophiceras带.通过对该剖面菊石和牙形石生物地层及其与华南其他剖面的对比可知,Araxoceras-Konglingites-Sanyangites带与牙形石Neospathodus orientalis带同期,为吴家坪期晚期;Sinoceltites带与牙形石N.subcarinata-N.wangi带同期,为长兴期晚期;Pseudotirolites-Rotodiscoceras带与牙形石N.postwangi-N.changxingensis带和N.xiangsiensis-N.changxingensis带同期,为长兴期晚期;Hypophiceras-Ophiceras-Lytophiceras带与H.parvus、I.isarcica-I.staesche和N.planata 3个牙形石带同期,相当于印度期早期.根据仁村坪剖面菊石Hypophiceras-Ophiceras-Lytophiceras带底界的出现位置,将该剖面的二叠-三叠系界线确定在第27a层的中部.     

鄂西地区上二叠统的牙形石及其分带意义

湖北恩施天桥剖面发育有完好的二叠系大隆组下段硅质岩层。对其下伏吴家坪组灰岩及上覆大隆组上段灰岩中牙形石的研究表明,吴家坪组灰岩自下而上可分为Clarkina postbitteri postbitteri带、Clarkina dukouensis带、Clarkina asymmetrica带以及Clarkina guangyuanensis—Clarkina transcaucasica带,属吴家坪阶中下部牙形石带;大隆组上段灰岩可划分出两个牙形石带,即Clarkina subcarinata—Clarkina wangi带和Clarkina changxingensis changxingensis—Clarkina deflecta带,为长兴阶底部牙形石带。认为鄂西地区大隆组下段硅质岩的时代应归属于二叠纪吴家坪中期至长兴早期。     

二叠系长兴阶全球界线层型剖面和点位

二叠系乐平统长兴阶底界全球界线层型和点位(GSSP)确立在我国浙江长兴煤山D剖面长兴灰岩的下部、4a-2层之底,以牙形石演化序列Clarkina longicuspidata-C.wangi中C.wangi的首现为标志。该点位位于长兴组底界之上88cm处,与长兴期特征的■类化石Palaeofusulina sinensis和大巴山菊石类的首次出现层位一致。界线层的碳同位素存在明显的负漂移,正磁极性带出现在吴家坪晚期的反极性带之上。在煤山D剖面以西300m处的C剖面出露较多的龙潭组地层,清晰地反映出龙潭组—长兴组连续的沉积序列,被列为辅助层型剖面。     

浙江长兴煤山地区吴家坪阶-长兴阶界线地层的再认识

浙江长兴煤山的 D剖面经多年研究 ,已成为二叠系长兴阶的单位层型和二叠系 -三叠系全球界线层型 ,并被推荐为吴家坪阶 -长兴阶全球界线层型的候选剖面 ,因该剖面上龙潭组地层出露较少 ,以致国内对长兴组与龙潭组的接触关系存有不同意见 ,给层型剖面的建立带来不利影响。在清理和研究了 D剖面西侧 30 0 m处 C剖面的吴家坪阶 -长兴阶界线层段后 ,证实了煤山地区龙潭组与长兴组为整合接触 ,对相关化石的地层分布也获得进一步的认识     

广西中部二叠系乐平统层序地层研究

通过对分别位于台地、斜坡和盆地的广西合山马滩剖面、来宾铁桥剖面和来宾蓬莱滩剖面的廊带式追索研究,将二叠系乐平统地层自下而上划分为Ｌｐ１、Ｌｐ２、Ｌｐ３、Ｌｐ４、Ｌｐ５和Ｌｐ６６个三级层序,并建立了相应的海平面变化曲线。结合原有和最新的生物地层资料,对这３个剖面的层序地层划分实现了精确对比,从而将原有地层对比精度提高了１倍。主张以牙形石Ｃｌａｒｋｉｎａｓｕｂｃａｒｉｎａｔａ的初现作为长兴阶和吴家坪阶的分界,这一界线与上述三级层序Ｌｐ６的首次海泛面一致。长期被当作长兴阶下部带化石的Ｇａｌｏｗａｙｉｎｅｌａｍｅｉｔｉｅｎｅｎｓｉｓ和Ｐａｌａｅｏｆｕｓｕｌｉｎａｍｉｎｉｍａ可向下延入依据牙形石定义的吴家坪阶。     

印度阶-奥伦尼克阶界线层型候选剖面--安徽巢湖平顶山西剖面地层序列

位于安徽省中部巢湖市郊的平顶山西剖面被推荐为印度阶-奥伦尼克阶界线的全球层型候选剖面。系统记述了该剖面的地层序列,包括岩石地层、生物地层、磁性地层、碳氧同位素地层和旋回地层等方面的最新研究成果。该剖面包括3个岩石地层单元、7个牙形石带、5个菊石带、3个双壳类带;在剖面下段地层中识别出2个正向磁性带和2个反向磁极性带;与地球轨道天文周期相对应的Milankovitch气候沉积旋回也可以明确地辨认;碳氧同位素δ1 3Ccarb演变呈现两次大的旋回。以牙形石N eospathodus waageni首现定义的印度阶-奥伦尼克阶界线在该剖面上位于三叠系第二个主要的正向极性带近顶部,也接近三叠纪碳同位素δ1 3Ccarb首次正向漂移峰值处     

安徽巢湖平顶山西坡剖面印度阶与奥伦尼克阶界线层高分辨率牙形石生物地层

下三叠统印度阶与奥伦尼克阶全球候选层型剖面之一的中国安徽省巢湖市平顶山西坡剖面界线层,经连续不间断采样获得大量牙形石化石并进行详细的分带工作,建立了该界线层牙形石生物地层.由下往上划分为:1.Neospathodus dieneri带;2.N.waageni带.前者依次分为3个亚带:N.dieneri Morphotype1亚带,N.dieneri Morphotype2亚带和N.dieneri Morphotype3亚带.牙形石带可与该界线层的菊石带进行很好的对比;在详细区分牙形石Neospathodus属内各种特征的基础上,结合地层分布情况,跨越印度阶与奥伦尼克阶界线,演化谱系十分明显,牙形石N.dieneri Morphotype3在奥伦尼克阶之底即Smithian初期演化为:N.dieneri Morphotype3→N.waageni→N.pingdingshanensis、Neos-pathodus dieneri Morphotype3→N.waageni(细齿直立型)→N.n.sp.R和Neospathodus dieneri Morphotype3→N.pakistanensis.从谱系演化的观点出发认为:N.waageni的首现点作为奥伦尼克阶底界是合理的,并在该剖面确定了印度阶与奥伦尼克阶界线位于第24-16层,距剖面大隆组与殷坑组界线40.49m处.     

浙江长兴地区二叠纪与三叠纪之交牙形石动物群及地层意义

本文把采自华南浙江长兴煤山二叠系与三叠系界线剖面的牙形石动物群从老至新分为三个带:1.Gondolella subcarinata-G·wangi组合带;2.G.changxingensis-G.deflecta组合带;3.Anchignathodus parvus带。将煤山剖面的二叠系与三叠系界线划在2、3组合带之间。并初步探讨了长兴地区长兴期至早格里斯巴赫期的牙形石分异度与沉积环境变迁。     

广西六景泥盆纪吉维阶-弗拉斯阶界线层牙形石生物地层

广西六景泥盆系剖面是我国泥盆系标准剖面之一 ,通过对其吉维阶 -弗拉斯阶界线上下地层进行详细的牙形石生物地层研究 ,自上而下识别出 12个牙形石带 :Palmatolepis jamieae带、Palmatolepis hassi带、Palmatolepispunctata带、Palmatolepistransitans带、上 Mesotaxisfalsiovalis带、下 Mesotaxisfalsiovalis带、Klapperina dispar-ilis带、上 Schmidtognathus hermanni- Polygnathus cristatus带、下 Schmidtognathus hermanni- Polygnathus cristatus带、上 Polygnathus varcus带、中 Polygnathus varcus带、下 Polygnathus varcus带。吉维阶 -弗拉斯阶界线 (即中 -上泥盆统界线 )由 Ancyrodella binodosa→ Ancyrodella rotundiloba early form→ Ancyrodella rotundiloba late form这一演化线系中的 Ancyrodella rotundiloba early form的首次出现确定 ,处于下 Mesotaxis falsiovalis带下部 ,在谷闭组底界之上 1.80 m处。     

滇东下寒武统含磷岩系底部火山喷发事件沉积及其意义

云南曲靖德泽剖面下寒武统梅树村组待补段底和晋宁梅树村剖面小歪头山段底粘土岩层的岩石、矿物和元素地球化学特征表明，这些粘土岩层是由酸性火山灰蚀变而成的变斑脱岩。它们是同期火山喷发事件沉积的标志，也是滇东地区下寒武统梅树村组底界等时对比的标志层。根据这个标志层以及小歪头山段和待补段沉积序列的对比，梅树村剖面小歪头山段仅相当于小江断裂以东地区的待补段下部白云岩层，缺失上部硅质岩层，因而它不能代表滇东地区下寒武统梅树村组下段的沉积序列。     

重庆巫溪红池坝长兴阶深水相沉积记录及地质意义*

重庆巫溪红池坝剖面长兴阶上部地层出露齐全,产系列牙形刺和深水陆棚相遗迹化石。通过建立牙形刺带,对该剖面长兴阶沉积相类型及特征进行了精细研究,并讨论了区域大隆组/长兴组界线的时代归属。长兴中—晚期开始,沉积环境由深水盆地向深水陆棚逐渐过渡,海洋生态环境的不稳定性开始显现并持续发展,基于时间序列的遗迹化石记录详细刻画了深水陆棚水体含氧量频繁加速波动过程,为系统审视二叠纪末生物与环境协同演化提供了重要依据。     

Integrated Radiolarian and Conodont Biostratigraphy of the Middle to Late Permian Linghao Formation in Northwestern Guangxi, South China

The Permian radiolarian zones and their correlations with conodont zones or other chronostratigraphic schemes are still under debate. In this study, four genera, 21 species and two subspecies of radiolarians together with one genus and six species of conodonts were recovered from the Linghao Formation cropping out at the Longwangpo (LWP) section, northwestern Guangxi, South China. Six radiolarian interval zones and one abundance zone are recognized in the section, namely in ascending order, the Follicucullus scholasticus, Albaillella cavitata, A. protolevis, A. levis, A. excelsa, A. triangularis Interval zones and A. yaoi Abundance Zone. They are correlated with the Clarkina dukouensis, C. guangyuanensis and C. orientalis conodont zones recognized at the same section. Based on our data, the F. scholasticus Interval Zone and the lowermost part of A. cavitata Interval Zone are recognized to be upper Capitanian age, whereas the four Albaillella Interval zones are of Lopingian age (Wuchiapingian to the late Changhsingian). Two previously known Changhsingian radiolarian zones, namely the A. triangularis and A. yaoi Interval zones, should be extended down to the uppermost Wuchiapingian in this studied section.     

Nitrogen isotope chemostratigraphy across the Permian–Triassic boundary at Chaotian,Sichuan, South China

Nitrogen isotopic compositions of upper Permian to lowermost Triassic rocks were analyzed at Chaotian in northern Sichuan, South China, in order to clarify changes in the oceanic nitrogen cycle around the Permian–Triassic boundary (P–TB) including the entire Changhsingian (Late Late Permian) prior to the extinction. The analyzed ca. 40 m thick interval across the P–TB at Chaotian consists of three stratigraphic units: the upper Wujiaping Formation, the Dalong Formation, and the lowermost Feixianguan Formation, in ascending order. The upper Wujiaping Formation, ca. 10 m thick, is mainly composed of dark gray limestone with diverse shallow-marine fossils such as calcareous algae and brachiopods, deposited on the shallow shelf. In contrast, the overlying Dalong Formation, ca. 25 m thick, is mainly composed of thinly bedded black mudstone and siliceous mudstone containing abundant radiolarians, deposited on the relatively deep slope/basin. Absence of bioturbation, substantially high total organic carbon contents (up to 15%), and abundant occurrence of pyrite framboids in the main part of the Dalong Formation indicate deposition under anoxic condition. The lowermost Feixianguan Formation, ca. 5 m thick, is composed of thinly bedded gray marl and micritic limestone with minor fossils such as ammonoids and conodonts, deposited on the relatively shallow slope. δ¹⁵N_TN values are in positive values around +1 to +2‰ in the upper Wujiaping Formation implying denitrification and/or anammox in the ocean. δ¹⁵N_TN values gradually decrease to −1‰ in the lower Dalong Formation and are consistently low (around 0‰) in the middle Dalong to lowermost Feixianguan Formation. No clear δ¹⁵N_TN shift is recognized across the extinction horizon. The consistently low δ¹⁵N_TN values suggest the enhanced nitrogen fixation in the ocean during the Changhsingian at Chaotian. Composite profiles based on previous and the present studies demonstrate the substantial δ¹⁵N variation on a global scale in the late Permian to earliest Triassic; a systematic δ¹⁵N difference by low and high latitudes is particularly clarified. Although the enhanced nitrogen fixation throughout the Changhsingian at Chaotian was likely a regional event in northwestern South China, the composite δ¹⁵N profiles imply that the sea area in which fixed nitrogen is depleted has gradually developed worldwide in the Changhsingian, possibly acting as a prolonged stress to shallow-marine biota.     

浙江江山大隆组古生物群特征及二叠系与三叠系界线

<正> 浙西北的长兴阶有二种沉积类型,即碳酸盐岩相的长兴组和硅泥质岩相的大隆组。长兴组的层位和生物群分带。前人已作过较详细的研究,而浙西江山大隆组的生物群至今未     

Restudy of conodont biostratigraphy of the Permian–Triassic boundary section in Zhongzhai,southwestern Guizhou Province,South China

New conodont samples have been systematically collected at high stratigraphic resolution from the upper part of the Longtan Formation through to the lower part of the Yelang Formation at the Zhongzhai section, southwestern Guizhou Province, South China, in an effort to verify the first local occurrence of Hindeodus parvus in relation to the Permian–Triassic boundary at this section. The resampled conodont fauna from the Permian–Triassic boundary interval comprises five identified species and two undetermined species in Hindeodus and Clarkina. Most importantly, the first local occurrence of Hindeodus parvus is found for the first time from the bottom of Bed 28a, 18 cm lower than the previously reported first local occurrence of this species at this section. Considering the previously accepted PTB at the Zhongzhai section, well calibrated by conodont biostratigraphy, geochronology and carbon isotope chemostratigraphy, this lower (earlier) occurrence of H. parvus suggests that this critical species could occur below the Permian–Triassic boundary. As such, this paper provides evidence that (1) the first local occurrences of H. parvus are diachronous in different sections with respect to the PTB defined by the First Appearance Datum (FAD) of this species at its GSSP section in Meishan, China and that (2) the lower stratigraphic range of H. parvus should now be extended to latest Permian.     

贵州海相拉丁阶-卡尼阶界线研究展望

全球海相拉丁阶-卡尼阶界线（Ladinian-Carnian Boundary,LCB）层型已经确定意大利的Prati Di Stuores/Stuores Wiesen剖面,菊石Daxatina canadensis（Whiteaves）的首现位置标志着卡尼阶的底界.该界线通常被认为与牙形石Quadralella polygnathiformis或者Budurovignathus diebeli的首现接近,然而该界线在我国的确定却存在一定争议.一方面,由于主要的标志菊石Daxatina canadensis缺乏;另一方面,菊石（如Trachyceras）生物地层确定的界线比起牙形石生物地层确定的界线要高许多.如在我国华南海相LCB地层发育最好的贵州西南地区,依据菊石一般将LCB置于竹杆坡组顶部附近,而依据牙形石生物地层,则又置LCB于竹杆坡组底部附近.贵州贞丰龙场大坪子剖面杨柳井组上部发育有牙形石Quadralella polygnathiformis和Budurovignathus属分子共生的过渡层,其时代可能归入卡尼阶的第一个亚阶Cordevolian.是以贵州贞丰龙场大坪子剖面的LCB可能置于杨柳井组上部.但是,确定我国海相LCB仍需综合牙形石、菊石等生物地层,辅以磁性地层以及绝对年龄等多手段的研究来互相印证.