赣中周潭群副变质岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学

对赣中周潭群副变质岩中的碎屑锆石开展了LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年工作,两个石榴黑云母片岩和一个黑云母片岩三个样品中碎屑锆石给出的最年轻的年龄峰值分别为834±11Ma、830±11Ma和809±15Ma.这些碎屑锆石具有与江南造山带内冷家溪群及其相当地层类似的年龄谱型式和相近的最年轻的年龄峰值,表明周潭群应与它们有相似的形成历史和源区,产生于相似的构造环境.因此,周潭群在新元古代扬子地块与华夏地块拼接的过程中,应与冷家溪群、双桥山群等地层一样靠近扬子一侧,而不应属华夏地块.从黑云母片岩部分碎屑锆石的变质边获取的年龄分别为444±11Ma和438±11Ma,表明周潭群地层的变质作用发生在加里东期,与华夏地块其他地区的角闪岩相变质岩的变质年龄一致.相反,与周潭群同期的双桥山群、冷家溪群等地层均未达到角闪岩相变质.这表明,在扬子和华夏地块新元古代的拼接之后,二块体在(现在的)赣中地区又裂开,从而导致了周潭群和相邻的冷家溪群及双桥山群在加里东时期有不同的变质响应.     

政和-大埔断裂带内变基性岩成因及构造属性研究

NE-SW向政和-大埔断裂带是华夏板块内部一条重要的断裂带,该带内出露大量变基性岩,本研究主要针对该断裂带内政和—建瓯段变基性岩开展锆石U-Pb年代学及地球化学分析,意在厘清变基性岩成因及构造属性,并以此来探讨华夏板块新元古代晚期构造演化。锆石U-Pb定年显示,水吉镇双峰式火山岩角闪斜长片岩原岩和流纹岩喷发年龄分别为807±4Ma和812±7Ma,政和斜长角闪片岩原岩形成时代为725±22Ma。地球化学特征显示迪口镇角闪片岩富集LILE和LREE,亏损HFSE,并且具有Eu略正异常特点(δEu=0.98~1.09)和低~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr初始比值(ISr=0.685523~0.707149)以及负εNd(t)值(εNd(t)=-1.2~-1.0)特征,构造判别图解显示角闪片岩为板内玄武岩。政和斜长角闪片岩稀土元素蛛网图为"平滑型",LREE/HREE为1.77~2.08,(La/Yb)N=0.99~1.30,(La/Sm)N=0.88~1.17,Eu略有异常(δEu=1.05~1.14),微量元素分配图及构造判别图解显示其具有N-MORB特征,低~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr初始比值(ISr=0.698279~0.701964)和正εNd(t)值(εNd(t)=+3.8~+4.3)表明岩浆来自相对亏损地幔源区。角闪片岩原岩与双峰式火山岩形成时代大致相同,表明华夏板块新元古代裂谷作用开始于约810 Ma。而政和斜长角闪片岩原岩可能来源于软流圈地幔的上涌,表明新元古代裂谷作用可能一直持续到约725 Ma。     

冀东杏山BIF铁矿形成时代及成因探讨

杏山BIF型铁矿位于冀东曹庄一带,矿体赋存于太古界三屯营组变质岩系中。矿石多为条纹-条带状构造,其围岩和夹层以斜长角闪岩为主,兼具少量黑云石英片岩和黑云钾长片麻岩。对BIF铁矿进行的地球化学分析表明,条带状铁矿石富集重稀土((La/Yb)*PAAS平均0.46),Eu正异常(Eu/Eu*PAAS平均2.19)、La正异常(La/LaPAAS平均2.14)和Y的正异常(Y/Y*PAAS平均1.85)明显,加之高的Y/Ho值(平均46.81),说明成矿物质来源于海底高温热液与周围海水的混合溶液;无Ce的负异常说明BIF形成于低氧逸度环境;BIF显示较低的Al2O3和TiO 2含量,且二者缺乏相关性,说明在BIF沉淀过程中几乎没有陆源碎屑物的加入。对矿体围岩斜长角闪岩、黑云石英片岩及黑云钾长片麻岩的原岩恢复,表明斜长角闪岩的原岩为玄武岩-安山质玄武岩,黑云石英片岩及黑云钾长片麻岩的原岩可能为泥质碎屑岩。元素地球化学分析表明,黑云钾长片麻岩具有较低的总稀土含量(59.46×10-6~66.99×10-6)、不明显的Eu负异常(Eu/Eu*=0.77~0.91)、略微的Th和U富集、无Nb和Ta的亏损;而黑云石英片岩具有较高的稀土总量(168.7×10-6~171.0×10-6)、强烈的轻稀土富集((La/Yb)N=6.81~7.07)和较弱的Eu负异常(Eu/Eu*=0.64~0.68),两者不一致的地球化学特征说明他们具有不同的物质来源。斜长角闪岩与N-MORB具有相似的特征,如富集大离子亲石元素(LILEs),亏损Th和U、Nb、Ta、Ti、Zr和Hf等无明显亏损。综合分析表明斜长角闪岩的母岩浆来源于尖晶石二辉橄榄岩30%的部分熔融,且其母岩浆在分异结晶过程中可能受到陆壳物质的混染。对矿体夹层斜长角闪岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,结果表明其原岩形成于2859±22Ma至2491±13Ma之间,最有可能形成于新太古代晚期,这间接约束了杏山BIF型铁矿的形成时代,暗示着迁西岩群主体可能仍形成于新太古代晚期。而2859±22Ma的捕掳锆石年龄反映杏山-曹庄地区可能存在有中太古代表壳岩。     

哀牢山-大象山变质杂岩带中斜长角闪岩的地球化学、同位素年代学及其地质意义

哀牢山-大象山变质杂岩带位于青藏高原东南缘,是西南三江地区重要的北西向造山带。杂岩带主要由各种类型的副片麻岩、片岩、石英岩、大理岩和斜长角闪岩构成,岩石发生强烈的糜棱岩化。本文在哀牢山变质杂岩带东南段元江和金平地区以及大象变质杂岩带北段老街和Pho Rang地区发现了中二叠-早三叠世的斜长角闪岩。岩石地球化学和锆石U-Pb年龄研究表明,这些斜长角闪岩可分为4组：第1组为元江斜长角闪岩,具有类似于E-MORB的稀土和微量元素配分曲线特征,锆石U-Pb定年显示其原岩形成年龄为272.5±1.7Ma;第2组为勐桥-马鞍底斜长角闪岩,相比于元江斜长角闪岩（第1组）具有更高的轻/重稀土分馏程度,其稀土和微量元素配分曲线类似于E-MORB,微量元素比值（Nb/Yb、Th/Yb等）显示具有沿MORB-OIB序列演化的趋势,勐桥和马鞍底斜长角闪岩中的Ti含量和Ti/Y比值等特征分别类似于峨眉山低Ti玄武岩和高Ti玄武岩。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,勐桥-马鞍底斜长角闪岩形成于265.2±1.0Ma~266.2±1.0Ma和250.4±1.5Ma~248.7±1.6Ma,其中晚期岩石中含有261.2±1.5Ma~257.9±1.6Ma的继承锆石,该年龄与峨眉山玄武岩（约260Ma）近于同期。上述证据表明勐桥-马鞍底斜长角闪岩岩浆演化过程中可能混染了部分具有OIB属性的峨眉山地幔柱物质成分;第3组为大象山老街-Pho Rang斜长角闪岩,具有类似于OIB的稀土和微量元素配分曲线特征,微量元素含量和比值（TiO₂=3.28%~4.31%,Nb/La=0.84~1.01,Ti/Y>500等）特征显示与峨眉山高Ti玄武岩相似的地球化学属性,表明峨眉山玄武岩在哀牢山-大象山变质杂岩带内广泛分布,该岩石成分可能为勐桥-马鞍底斜长角闪岩（第2组）的端元组分之一;第4组为大象山Pho Rang斜长角闪岩,该组岩石具有与元江斜长角闪岩（第1组）相似的E-MORB属性特征。进一步的研究表明,哀牢山-大象山变质杂岩带中具有类似于E-MORB属性的斜长角闪岩均表现出不同程度的Nb、Ta元素亏损和Rb、Ba等大离子元素富集,微量元素比值（Nb/Yb（0.72~5.29）,Th/Yb（0.11~0.87）,La/Nb（0.91~8.83））等特征类似于岛弧玄武岩,这些特征指示其原岩岩浆可能是俯冲环境下地幔楔岩石部分熔融的产物。结合哀牢山-大象山变质杂岩带、哀牢山-马江缝合带以及扬子地块之间的时-空关系,本文推测哀牢山-大象山变质杂岩带内的E-MORB类型岩浆岩形成于东古特提斯支洋（即哀牢山-马江洋）向东的俯冲过程,其俯冲持续时间为中二叠-早三叠世（272~248Ma）。     

正、副角闪岩判别标志的新认识--赣中前寒武纪正、副角闪岩的矿物-岩石地球化学特征对比研究

通过对赣中相山地区前寒武纪正、副角闪岩矿物学、岩石-地球化学特征系统对比研究,得出角闪岩成因判别标志的几点新认识:①提出了识别正、副角闪岩的角闪石矿物学标志;②阐明了区分正、副角闪岩的稀土元素地球化学特征;③对角闪岩微量元素地球化学特征提出采用模糊聚类分析与蛛网图相结合进行成因判别的有效方法;④提出综合应用15种元素对的比值(Ti/V,Ce/Yb,La/Yb,Th/Yb,La/Sm,La/Nb,Ce/Y,Rb/Sr,Nb/Y,Sm/Nd,Sr/Y,Sr/Ba,Zr/Y,Ti/Zr,Ti/Y)作为判别角闪岩成因的标志.     

云开地区新元古代蛇绿岩的地球化学证据及其构造意义

粤西云开隆起区西北缘信宜贵子、茶山一带浅变质云开群底部层状、似层状变基性、超基性岩的研究表明,变基性岩以变玄武岩、变辉长岩、斜长角闪岩为主,变超基性岩则主要为蛇纹石化橄榄岩、橄辉岩和角闪辉石岩,它们是遭受后期构造变形变质作用强烈改造的蛇绿混杂岩。变基性岩的岩石地球化学特征可分为略有差异的两类:茶山的TiO2=0．71％-2．16％(平均1．38％),(La／Yb)N=0．67-1．91,轻稀土略亏损-平坦,La／Nb、Ce／ Zr、Zr／Nb、Zr／Y、Ti／Y平均值分别为1．19、0．31、15．75、2．08和434．98,Nb／Th平均值为4．0,εNd(t)=1．4-1．8;贵子的TiO2=1．55％-1．89％(平均1．74％),(La／Yb)N=2．13-2．80,轻稀土略富集,La／Nb、Ce／Zr、Zr／Nb、Zr／Y、 Ti／Y平均值分别为0．84、0．22、13．04、4．15和351．93,Nb／Th平均值为5．8,εNd(t)=2．4-5．0,均显示俯冲带上 (SSZ)和洋中脊(E-MORB)构造环境的玄武岩,并来自富集地幔源区。变超基性岩蛇纹石化橄榄岩的稀土元素配分具典型的U形特征,显示为具地幔交代作用的LREE富集地幔残余。茶山和贵子变基性岩的Sm-Nd、Rb-Sr全岩同位素等时线年龄分别为824±77 Ma和667±43 Ma、663±1 7 Ma。这为华南存在新元古代-早古生代的洋盆提供了重要证据,而且在洋盆初始阶段有地幔柱或OIB物质组分的加入。     

江西周潭群斜长角闪岩的地球化学特征及其成因

周潭群斜长角闪岩的基本组成矿物是斜长石和角闪石，不同样品中还可以出现黑云母、石英和碱性长石等。所有斜长角闪岩显示石英拉斑系列特征，其稀土元素配分曲线呈平坦型，显示轻微的轻稀土亏损和Eu亏损，与由岛弧及洋拉斑玄武岩形成的斜长角闪岩的稀土分布型式及稀土特征一致。根据微量元素蛛网图的斜率和Nb、Zr异常情况以及低的Zr/Nb比值、V-Ti、Y－Cr、Zr-Ti-Sr、Zr-Y相关性，认为斜长角闪岩之原岩为岛弧型玄武岩，周潭群的原岩形成于岛弧环境。元素地球化学和Nd同位素特征指示它们的母岩浆起源于亏损程度低的地幔或来源于亏损地幔的岩浆受到地壳物质的混染。     

江西崇仁新元古代岛弧型斜长角闪岩的年代学、地球化学及其构造意义

为了解赣中周潭群的构造属性和华夏陆块的演化历史,本文对崇仁地区的斜长角闪岩开展了锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学研究。结果表明,崇仁地区斜长角闪岩形成年龄为(870±9) Ma,其SiO_2含量为51. 22%～53. 11%,MgO为6. 16%～6. 74%,TiO_2为1. 23%～1. 40%,原岩为拉斑玄武岩。崇仁地区斜长角闪岩LaN/YbN值为1. 85～2. 12,GdN/YbN值为1. 10～1. 17,与E-MORB相比富集大离子亲石元素。样品亏损高场强元素,具有明显的Nb-Ta异常、Nb/La=0. 50～0. 72。样品的εNd(t)值为5. 1～6. 0,其源区为受俯冲组分改造的地幔楔,其构造背景为弧后盆地。结合前人在华夏陆块的工作,推测崇仁相山新元古代～870 Ma斜长角闪岩与北侧的弋阳周潭群火山岩指示了华夏内部新元古代弧后盆地的存在。     

河南嵩山地区新太古代斜长角闪岩的地球化学特征与成因

嵩山地区登封群是华北克拉通南部古老结晶基底的重要组成部分,由一套火山-沉积成因的表壳岩系组成,形成于新太古代.斜长角闪质岩石广泛发育于登封群表壳岩中,同时,也以包体形式普遍存在于TTG片麻岩体内部.二者主量元素差别不大,SiO_2含量为45%～63%,富Fe_2O_3、Al_2O_3、CaO,TiO_2(0.5%～1.11%)含量较低,原岩为亚碱性玄武岩、安山岩.二者的微量元素特征稍有差别,登封群斜长角闪岩REE配分形式平坦,轻重稀土基本无分异((La/Yb)_N=0.99～2.07),基本无Eu异常(δEu≈1);Ti负异常,Nb、Ta、Y负异常不明显,Ba、Sr呈现正异常,显示洋中脊和岛弧拉斑玄武岩特征;在Cr-Y、Ta/Yb-Th/Yb、Zr/Y-Nb/Y图解中位于洋中脊向岛弧玄武岩的过渡区域;ε_(Nd)(t)=4.43,显示源岩来自亏损地幔.而TTG片麻岩中斜长角闪岩包体的LREE富集,Eu负异常明显(δEu)=0.46～0.87);大离子亲石元素Rb、Cs、Ba明显高于登封群中的斜长角闪岩,除了Ti含量稍低外,Zr、Nb和Y含量范围和登封群斜长角闪岩相似,Nb、Ta和Y呈负异常,具有岛弧玄武岩特征;ε_(Nd)(t)=2.56和4.08,显示源岩来自亏损地幔,反映有地壳物质的混染.登封群斜长角闪岩及斜长角闪岩包体原岩的源区物质有所不同,在汇聚板块边缘洋壳俯冲条件下,前者是地幔楔部分熔融的产物,形成于弧后盆地环境;后者可能是随着俯冲作用的进行,小部分板片熔融开始发生,形成的熔浆混染亏损地幔部分熔融形成的熔浆.地球化学特征显示登封群形成的地球动力学背景是汇聚板块边缘洋壳的俯冲,反映当时陆壳以水平方式增生.     

石鼓群的划分及变质特征探讨

石鼓群位于云南西北部,面积约1 600km2,为甘孜一理塘板块的结晶基底.据现有资料,分为古元古代黎明岩群、中元古代新主岩群、新元古代巨甸岩群.黎明岩群为云母石英片岩、云母片岩,夹斜长片麻岩、斜长角闪岩.泥质岩石中具铁铝榴石、十字石、蓝晶石组合,基性岩中具铁铝榴石、普通角闪石组合,为中压低角闪岩相.黎明岩群后期抬升减压,叠加低压低角闪岩相变质,新生红柱石,部分原生蓝晶石退变成红柱石.于侵入其中的斜长角闪岩中获得Nd同位素模式年龄1 369.8Ma和1 343.8Ma,绿泥石英片岩中获得1 896.6Ma和2 161MaNd同位素模式年龄,故将黎明岩群时代置于古元古代.新主岩群分哈吉洛岩组和路西岩组,岩性为云母石英片岩、云母片岩、大理岩夹片麻岩及斜长角闪岩,部分岩石具糜棱岩化.哈吉洛岩组为低压低角闪岩相,具红柱石、十字石、铁铝榴石组合,路西岩组为高绿片岩相.于侵入新主岩群中的变质变形花岗质岩脉中获得锆石铅同位素年龄811 ±2Ma、820±1Ma、823±1Ma,故将新主岩群时代置于中元古代.巨甸岩群分陇巴岩组和塔城岩组,岩性为千枚岩、板岩,夹一层变质杏仁状玄武岩,为低绿片岩相.     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.