渭河盆地全新世隐伏构造活动

通过对水系线密度和面密度的量计和制图分析，揭示了渭河盆地全新世构造活动的特征，为查明厚层新生代松散沉积物覆盖下隐伏构造的全新世活动提供简便有效的方法。     

南极重力场特征及界面的计算与解释

本文根据ＯＳＵ９１Ａ地球重力场模型和地形资料，计算了南极洲的空间重力异常和布格重力异常，分析了空间重力异常变化剧烈的原因及其与高程的相关性，同时根据布格重力异常用两层界面的反演方法计算了冰盖厚度和地壳厚度，冰盖厚度较大的地区位于极区的东南部，而极区周围和西南部地区厚度较小。地壳较厚的地区位于极区的东南部，最大达５６ｋｍ，西南部地区地壳较薄，最小值为８ｋｍ。     

天山南北鹿山前拗陷的第四纪构造变动

本文在大量实际调查资料的基础上，详细论述了天山南北麓库车山前拗陷和乌鲁木齐山前拗陷在第四纪时期主要的构造变动及形成的最新构造形迹，并利用石油地质研究的最近成果对山前拗陷中最新构造的形成、演化以及褶皱构造与基底断裂活动的关系进行了讨论。     

天山南北麓山前拗陷的第四纪构造变动

本文在大量实际调查资料的基础上，详细论述了天山南北麓库车山前拗陷和乌鲁木齐山前拗陷在第四纪时期主要的构造变动及形成的最新构造形迹，并利用石油地质研究的最近成果对山前拗陷中最新构造的形成、演化以及褶皱构造与基底断裂活动的关系进行了讨论。     

文家村一带地热勘查中综合物探方法的应用

甘肃省天水市麦积区文家村一带地热地质条件好,构造裂隙发育,地热主要有几条热控断层控制。通过对文家村一带地球物理特征研究得知,已知断裂构造带处都有明显的重力异常和氡气子体RaA浓度异常,由此从其他地段推测出几条隐伏断层,之后通过可控源音频大地电磁法验证推测结果和确定断裂构造带的空间展布。事实证明综合物探方法在地热勘查中效果显著,为地热开采井提供精准的井位。     

航磁弱异常信息增强处理在地质解释中的应用

在航磁异常地质解释工作中,由于地质层体的磁性较弱,磁性变化较小,一般显示为较为平静的负磁场区,这些区域的断裂构造及隐伏岩体引起的弱磁异常的特征不十分明显,给航磁地质解释带来一定的困难。利用航磁增强处理技术能够突出显示弱磁异常信息,更加准确合理的推断解释断裂构造和隐伏岩体,充分发挥航磁测量在岩性构造填图及成矿预测中的作用。     

第四纪江汉-洞庭盆地东部中段构造-沉积地貌类型划分及特征

以第四纪构造活动、沉积作用以及现今地势高低和地貌形态特征为主要依据,对江汉-洞庭盆地东部中段及其东缘(1:25万岳阳市幅)进行构造-沉积地貌类型的划分与编图。研究区共厘定出9种构造-沉积地貌类型,各地貌类型的地表高程、第四纪地壳升降特征、风化剥蚀和沉积作用等各具特征。构造-沉积地貌类型的划分及其地貌图的编制,既反映出地表地理环境暨地貌特征,又提供直观表达不同地区第四纪地层、构造特征及其反映的地质与环境演化过程的有效途径,有助于促进和深化江汉-洞庭盆地第四纪地质与环境研究。     

华北山地的古河道与古水系*

华北山地早第三纪地貌奠定了现代水系格局的基础。至晚第三纪晚期河流已发育到中-老年阶段。第三纪末期至第四纪早期,山地差异活动剧烈,断陷盆地形成,内、外流水系并存,遗留下垭口与顺直-曲流型宽谷。第四纪中期,河流袭夺,内陆水系先后变成外流水系,并生成“U”形宽谷。第四纪晚期,河流下切,水系变迁,现代水系形成。     

地气测量在吉林省玄武岩覆盖区的试验及效果

吉林省玄武岩覆盖区是我省找矿战略突破的重点靶区,但因大面积玄武岩覆盖,找矿难度非常大。地气测量是近年来地球化学领域为寻找隐伏矿床和提高找矿效果研究的一种新方法、新技术。本文主要介绍该方法在吉林省玄武岩覆盖区的试验情况,以地气测量、金属活动态测量圈定地球化学异常,同时结合重力测量、瞬变电磁测量、激电测深测量、频谱激电测深测量等多种物探工作方法,经钻探验证,发现玄武岩盖层下隐伏铜矿体。这一找矿成果是理论指导实践、实践丰富理论的又一成功范例。     

祁连山东段庄浪河流域地貌特征及其构造指示意义

晚新生代以来,青藏高原北东向扩展,致使祁连山地区遭受了强烈的构造隆升,造就了祁连山地区复杂的构造格局和急剧变化的构造地貌,其典型水系流域地貌特征揭示了该地区的新构造活动和地貌演化过程。庄浪河流域位于祁连山东段,作为青藏高原北东向扩展的前缘地区,庄浪河流域的地貌参数对构造活动非常敏感,提取庄浪河流域的地貌信息,有助于揭示祁连山东段庄浪河流域地貌对构造活动的响应,及系统探讨该区地貌发育特征及其所蕴含的构造意义。庄浪河流域内及边缘发育有庄浪河断裂、天祝盆地南缘断裂、疙瘩沟隐伏断裂以及金强河-毛毛山-老虎山断裂。晚新生代以来,这些断裂仍在活动,并且控制着流域内的构造变形、山体隆升和河流水系地貌发育。本研究采用ALOS DEM 12.5 m数据,基于ArcGIS空间分析技术,通过高程条带剖面、河流坡降指标体系（K,SL,SL/K）和Hack剖面、面积-高程积分值（HI）和积分曲线（HC）等方法,对庄浪河流域地貌特征进行了初步分析。结果表明,庄浪河地区地形起伏由北西向南东递减,构造活动存在东西分异的规律;庄浪河流域内部K值、SL、SL/K、HI值西侧高于东侧,Hack剖面西侧相比东侧上凸更明显;H...     

中国华北山地的层状地貌与喜马拉雅构造运动

层状地貌是在较短的距离内 ,从海岸到山顶的坡面上多级分布的阶梯状地貌。一般来说 ,它反映了地壳的构造运动。但并不是所有的层状地貌都是这样。只有地壳活动时期的火山喷发、砾石扇和地壳稳定时期的风化壳、古河道发育的层状地貌才能表明地壳的一次大的构造运动。据此认为 ,中国华北山地的喜马拉雅运动起始于始新世 ,至渐新世结束了第一幕。中新世是喜马拉雅运动的较激烈期 ,至上新世结束了第二幕。自第四纪进入了第三幕的第一亚幕 ,也就是新构造运动。自晚更新世进入了第三幕的第二亚幕 ,即最新构造运动。现在 ,第三幕尚未结束     

新疆乌什塔拉地区中泥盆世火山岩特征及形成环境分析

研究区位于南天山早古生代大洋东段构造带.乌什塔拉地区阿拉塔格组火山岩为超基性—基性岩组合以及中酸性岩组合.其中超基性岩为大洋二辉橄榄岩,基性岩主要为玄武岩,中酸性岩主要有安山岩、英安岩、粗安岩和流纹岩.通过研究分析发现阿拉塔格组火山岩中基性岩产于大洋中脊环境,中酸性火山岩的构造环境应属于活动大陆边缘性质,由于这两套岩石组合均有不同程度的变质变形,以及阿拉塔格组出现的蛇绿岩,可说明这两套火山岩应该不属于同一地区,是由构造拼合而成的.     

The influences of the tectonic subsidence and the siltation on the situation of preventing flood disasters in the Dongting Lake area

With the long-term data of the geodetic sea level measurements undertaken in the Dongting Basin and the recent sediment data of Dongting Lake, we analyze the tectonic subsidence rate of the Dongting Basin and the sedimentary rate of Dongting Lake. From the point of view of geomorphology and hydrogeology, we distinguish the two different spatial concepts between "the basin of Dongting Lake" and "the Dongting Basin". Then, we discuss the influences of the tectonic subsidence and the siltation on the levees and the space of storing flood. The better quality of levees is required due to the tectonic subsidence and the siltation, and the difficulties of preventing flood disasters are increasing. The space of storing flood is not affected by the tectonic subsidence, but by the siltation. At present, the sedimentary rate of Dongting Lake is higher than the tectonic subsidence rate of the Dongting Basin. The tectonic subsidence capacity of the Dongting Basin counteracts a part of sedimentary capacity, and the shrinking tendency of Dongting Lake is restrained to a certain extent, but the tectonic subsidence is harmful to the situation of preventing flood disasters in the Dongting Lake area.     

构造沉降和泥沙淤积对洞庭湖区防洪的影响

With the long-term data of the geodetic sea level measurements undertaken in the Dongting Basin and the recent sediment data of Dongting Lake, we analyze the tectonic subsidence rate of the Dongting Basin and the sedimentary rate of Dongting Lake. From the point of view of geomorphology and hydrogeology, we distinguish the two different spatial concepts between “the basin of Dongting Lake“ and “the Dongting Basin“. Then, we discuss the influences of the tectonic subsidence and the siltation on the levees and the space of storing flood. The better quality of levees is required due to the tectonic subsidence and the siltation, and the difficulties of preventing flood disasters are increasing.The space of storing flood is not affected by the tectonic subsidence, but by the siltation. At present,the sedimentary rate of Dongting Lake is higher than the tectonic subsidence rate of the Dongting Basin. The tectonic subsidence capacity of the Dongting Basin counteracts a part of sedimentary capacity, and the shrinking tendency of Dongting Lake is restrained to a certain extent, but the tectonic subsidence is harmful to the situation of preventing flood disasters in the Dongting Lake area.     

Quantifying the relationship between structural deformation and the morphology of submarine channels on the Niger Delta continental slope

The processes and deposits of deep‐water submarine channels are known to be influenced by a wide variety of controlling factors, both allocyclic and autocyclic. However, unlike their fluvial counterparts whose dynamics are well‐studied, the factors that control the long‐term behaviour of submarine channels, particularly on slopes undergoing active deformation, remain poorly understood. We combine seismic techniques with concepts from landscape dynamics to investigate quantitatively how the growth of gravitational‐collapse structures at or near the seabed in the Niger Delta have influenced the morphology of submarine channels along their length from the shelf edge to their deep‐water counterpart. From a three dimensional (3D), time‐migrated seismic‐reflection volume, which extends over 120 km from the shelf edge to the base of slope, we mapped the present‐day geomorphic expression of two submarine channels and active structures at the seabed, and created a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). A second geomorphic surface and DEM raster—interpreted to closer approximate the most recent active channel geometries—were created through removing the thickness of hemipelagic drape across the study area. The DEM rasters were used to extract the longitudinal profiles of channel systems with seabed expression, and we evaluate the evolution of channel widths, depths and slopes at fixed intervals downslope as the channels interact with growing structures. Results show that the channel long profiles have a relatively linear form with localized steepening associated with seabed structures. We demonstrate that channel morphologies and their constituent architectural elements are sensitive to active seafloor deformation, and we use the geomorphic data to infer a likely distribution of bed shear stresses and flow velocities from the shelf edge to deep water. Our results give new insights into the erosional dynamics of submarine channels, allow us to quantify the extent to which submarine channels can keep pace with growing structures, and help us to constrain the delivery and distribution of sediment to deep‐water settings.     

构造沉降和泥沙淤积对洞庭湖区防洪的影响

作者利用洞庭盆地多年水准测量资料和洞庭湖近年的泥沙资料,对洞庭盆地的构造沉降速率和泥沙淤积速率进行了分析,从地貌学和水利学角度,对“洞庭湖盆”和“洞庭盆地”这两个不同的空间概念进行了区分,在此基础上,探讨了构造沉降和泥沙淤积对洞庭湖蓄洪空间和防洪大堤的影响。在目前洞庭湖盆被大堤围限的情况下,洞庭盆地的构造沉降运动使洞庭湖的蓄洪空间不断减小;洞庭盆地的构造沉降量虽然在一定程度上缓解了洞庭湖不断萎缩的趋势,但构造沉降对洞庭湖区的防洪形势却是不利的。构造沉降和泥沙淤积均对防洪大堤的质量提出了更高的要求,增大了洞庭湖区防洪的难度。     

河流阶地形成过程及其驱动机制再研究

河流阶地的形成是在内因(河流内部动力变化)和外因(低频和高频气候变化、构造运动、基准面变化)共同作用下的结果。受单一气候变化制约的河流阶地发育模式可以解释由于沉积物通量和径流量变化引起的河流堆积-侵蚀过程,但它难以解释形成多级阶地的逐步(或间歇性)下切过程。多级阶地的形成可能同时受到构造抬升和周期性气候变化的制约。由于下切过程的滞后效应,侵蚀和冰川均衡抬升、河谷的侧向侵蚀过程等影响,山地的构造抬升与河谷的下切之间并非一种简单的线性关系,应当慎用河谷的下切速率来代表山地的抬升速率。     

昌马断裂带活动构造地貌之研究

本文根据野外地质调查资料和人工探槽的剖折,并结合¹⁴C年龄数据,讨论了昌马活动断裂带晚更新世晚期以来形成的构造地貌的类型、特征及分期问题.