黑龙江东部“新元古代”黄松群杨木组沉积时限和物源组成:来自锆石U-Pb年代学的制约

以出露于黑龙江东部地区前人原定为新元古代的黄松群底部杨木组为研究对象,对其中的二云母石英片岩和晚期片麻状二长花岗岩分别进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究,旨在准确限定杨木组的沉积时限并揭示其物源组成。结果表明:采自黑龙江东宁地区黄松群杨木组标准剖面的二云母石英片岩中锆石多为岩浆成因,同位素年龄集中在古生代—早中生代,并且呈现出248、263、270、290、318、326、约360、426 Ma等多个显著的年龄峰值,而侵入到其中的晚期片麻状二长花岗岩的形成时代为(221±3)Ma;黄松群杨木组沉积于早—中三叠世(221~248 Ma),并非前人所厘定的新元古代。基于杨木组碎屑锆石年龄频数和区域地质年代学资料的对比分析,杨木组沉积物主要来源于周边的晚古生代—早中生代地质体以及次要的早古生代地质体。此外,新元古代岩浆锆石的出现证明研究区可能存在新元古代岩浆事件,而中—古元古代碎屑锆石的存在同时暗示早中生代期间该区地表或地表浅部应存在更为古老的前寒武纪残片。     

铁岭清河镇超单元花岗岩地质特征及侵位机制

清河镇超单元花岗岩,位于华北地台与吉黑地槽拼接带内,同位素年龄值２７４±４Ｍａ（单颗粒锆石Ｐｂ—Ｐｂ法）,层于早二叠世。据同源岩浆演化理论,按照岩石谱系单位划分原则,将其划分为阎家堡子单元、籍家街单元、杨木林子单元和吴家沟４个单元。主要岩石类型为二长花岗岩,成因类型为Ｓ型花岗岩类,由于侵位过程中的同构造变形作用,局部形成糜棱岩化花岗岩和片麻状花岗岩,岩浆侵位为膨胀底劈—顶蚀脉动上侵。     

建平地区早二叠世八家子超单元侵入岩及其侵入机制讨论

建平八家子超单元花岗岩同位素年龄２７４．８～２６０Ｍａ（Ｕ／Ｐｈ，Ｋ／Ａｒ），属早二叠世．根据同源岩浆演化理论可划分为４个单元，即杨树岭单元、紫杖子单元、套卜河洛单元和太平庄单元，主要岩石为中细粒—巨粒似斑状二长花岗岩．由于侵位过程中的同构造变形作用，局部形成糜棱岩化花岗岩和片麻状花岗岩．岩浆侵位为膨胀底劈上侵．     

广西资源县牛塘界花岗岩体时代探讨

牛塘界花岗岩体的时代，以往曾定为华力西期。通过研究岩体的地质特征、岩性特征、稀土配分、钻石晶体标型、同位素年龄资料，结合区域对比，认为其时代应为加里东（中）期。以往所用的Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ全岩等时线年龄２８９Ｍａ，因岩石强烈蚀变，不能作为衡量岩体结晶年龄的尺度。研究表明，锆石Ｕ－Ｔｈ－Ｐｂ四个不一致年龄中，只有￣（２０７）Ｐｂ／￣（２０６）Ｐｂ比值计算的年龄，最接近岩体的结晶年龄。牛塘界岩体锆石￣（２０７）Ｐｂ／￣（２０６）Ｐｂ年龄为４６０Ｍａ，形成于中奥陶世，时代为加里东（中）期。     

青海多彩地区龙墨沟辉绿岩脉锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ年代学及其地质意义

多彩地区位于羌塘地块东北缘，其内发育的大量晚古生代－中生代岩浆岩为研究古特提斯洋构造演化提供了重要证据。选取龙墨沟地区出露的辉绿岩脉为研究对象，采用 ＬＡ－ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ锆石 Ｕ－Ｐｂ定年的方法进行了测试分析，探讨了成岩年代学 及其地质意义。定年结果表明龙墨沟辉绿岩侵位年龄为（２４８．３±２．６）Ｍａ，为早三叠世岩浆活动产物；与区内其他岩浆岩研究成果的对比分析表明，龙墨沟辉绿岩可能产于龙木错－双湖洋俯冲产生的弧后伸展背景下。      

辽宁宽甸刘家堡子超单元岩浆演化

刘家堡子超单元同位素锆石Ｕ－ Ｐｂ 一致线年龄值为２ ０４６．４８±７ ．０１Ｍａ，侵位时代为古元古代。按照侵入岩岩石谱系单位的划分原则，由早至晚划分为红旗村单元石英闪长岩、头道阳岔单元花岗闪长岩及阳隈子单元二长花岗岩，归并为刘家堡子超单元。成因类型为Ⅰ型花岗岩类，成岩物质来源于下地壳，岩浆演化由中性至酸性，演化明显，构成了完整的演化序列。     

鲁西地区石门山—凤仙山岩体的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及形成时代

鲁西地区石门山岩体主要岩性为片麻状花岗闪长岩,原划为新太古代早期侵入岩。根据新测锆石SHRIMPU-Pb年龄为(2530±8)Ma,其形成时代确定为新太古代晚期。凤仙山岩体为中粒二长花岗岩,锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为(2513±12)Ma,并侵入片麻状花岗闪长岩。石门山岩体属峄山岩套,为TTG质花岗岩,是地幔岩浆侵入混入地壳物质形成的。凤仙山岩体属傲徕山岩套二长花岗岩,为上地壳物质重熔(深熔)作用形成的。峄山岩套TTG类岩石是2560~2530 Ma壳幔岩浆活动的产物,岩体普遍具有片麻状构造,表明经历变质变形作用。未受区域变质作用的傲徕山岩套大规模壳源花岗岩是2530~2500 Ma地壳物质部分熔融形成的,与华北克拉通新太古代末超大陆拼合有关,2530 Ma是鲁西地区重要的构造热事件发生时期。     

内蒙古伊敏地区黑云母二长花岗岩锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ定年及地质意义

首次对内蒙古伊敏地区黑云母二长花岗岩进行了锆石 Ｕ－Ｐｂ年代学和地球化学研究。分析结果显示，该区黑云母二长花岗岩具有高硅（ｗ（ＳｉＯ２）＝６８．３２％～７０．６２％），富 碱（ｗ（Ｎａ２Ｏ＋Ｋ２Ｏ）＝７．７９％ ～９．０１％），贫 ＣａＯ（０．８９％ ～２．５１％）、ＭｇＯ（０．８０％～１．３０％）、Ｐ２Ｏ５（０．１６％～０．２３％）的地球化学特征。Ａ／ＣＮＫ 和 Ａ／ＮＫ 值分别介于０．９９～１．０８和１．２２～１．４２之间，属于准铝质－过铝质钙碱性系列。岩石稀土元素总量较低，轻重稀土元素分馏明显（∑ＬＲＥＥ／∑ＨＲＥＥ＝１３．３５～１６．１９），无 明 显Ｅｕ、Ｃｅ异常，富集 Ｋ、Ｒｂ、Ｔｈ、Ｂａ、Ｓｒ和ＬＲＥＥ，相对亏损 Ｕ、Ｔｉ、Ｌａ、Ｃｅ，综合分析认为黑云母二长花岗岩具有Ｉ型花岗岩的地球化学特征。锆石ＬＡ－ＩＣＰ－ＭＳＵ－Ｐｂ测年结果表明，其形成于（３０３±２）Ｍａ，为晚石炭世岩浆活动产物。Ｈｆ同位素数据显示，其具有高的εＨｆ（ｔ）值（＋９．２０～＋１５．８９），对应二阶段模式年龄（ＴＤＭ２）集中分布于７００～５００ Ｍａ之间，反映黑云母二长花岗岩起源于新元古代增生的地壳，形成于兴安地块和松嫩地块碰撞后的伸展背景。      

崤山地区太古代变质花岗岩地质地球化学特征

崤山地区原“太华群”由１５％的变质表壳岩和８５％的变质花岗岩组成。变质花岗岩的主要岩石类型有：石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩、奥长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩。通过对变质花岗岩的地质、地球化学研究表明，崤山地区太古代变质花岗岩与国内外其他地区的ＴＴＧ岩系类似。根据野外接触关系和一组锆石Ｐｂ－Ｐｂ蒸发年龄（２４５１Ｍａ），确定其成岩时代为太古代。     

湖南道县虎子岩地区二长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年代学特征、地球化学特征及其地质意义

三叠纪及早古生代花岗岩是华南花岗岩中研究相对薄弱的部分,其构造背景也是众多学者们讨论的热点。本文通过对湖南道县虎子岩地区二长花岗岩的岩石学、全岩主量元素和微量元素地球化学、U-Pb锆石定年进行研究,得出虎子岩地区二长花岗岩存在三组年龄的锆石(437~441 Ma及359~374 Ma,属于加里东期;229~232 Ma,属于印支期),说明二长花岗岩所经历的最后一次岩浆活动时间为三叠纪,在研究区有同时期的虎子岩基性岩的产出,且在该地区未发现中性岩,推测该地区二长花岗岩岩浆很可能是虎子岩基性岩岩浆底侵到下地壳使其发生部分熔融的产物;同时二长花岗岩的微量元素表现出岛弧花岗岩的特征,表明其源岩可能为元古代扬子地块和华夏地块拼合时形成的岛弧岩浆岩。二长花岗岩中的继承锆石U-Pb年龄显示,在该区加里东期也存在岩浆活动。     

GEOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF Fe,Mn,Co,As,Cr,Sb,Zn,Sc AND V IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS FROM JIAOZHOU BAY

The contents of nearly forty-elements in surface sediments in Jiaozhou Bay were determined using a Neutron Activation Analysis Technique(Grancini,et al.,1976;Li Peiquan et al.,1985,1986;Li Xiuxia etal.,1986).This paper's detailed discussion on only nine elements(Fe,Mn,Co,Cr,Sc,As,Sb,Zn andV)includes their distributions,concentrations,correlationships,material sources,background,etc.Based on Zavaristski's classification method,Fe,Mn,Co Cr and V belong to the second group;As and Sb to theeighth groups:Sc and Zn to the third and sixth groups.It was found that their notably good correla-tionship is mainly due to the similarity of their ionic structures and that their variation is controlled by theFe content(except Mn).The source of sediments is mainly terristrial material,and the composition ofsediment is similar to that of shale and shale+clay.The contents for a large number of ele-ments are within the scope of the background level,but there still is pollution of Zn and Cr,at least in a few stations.     

氟、氯、溴、碘等卤族元素与人体健康的关系

卤族元素是人体的必需元素,正常情况下成人摄入量不超过F4 mg/d、C11.7～5.1g/d、I 100～200μg/d;少年不超过F 3 mg/d,儿童I1μg/kg-d,婴儿Cl0.3～1.2 g/d.过量摄入或缺乏卤族元素,都可能导致疾病的发生.而F含量0.5～1.0mg/L、C1＜50mg/L、Br＞100μg/L、I 10～100μg/L的饮用地下水,有利于人体健康.     

Controlling mechanisms for the trace metals, (Cu,Zn, Cd,Fe, Co and Ni) in anoxic sea water in Saanich Inlet,British Columbia,Canada

A study was conducted on Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni levels in Saanich Inlet anoxic seawater. Data on the concentration of these trace metals and H₂S, and other oceanographic parameters were obtained in four cruises. Equilibrium models are presented together with in situ data. The results strongly support the assumption that the solubilities of Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni are controlled by bisulfide and/or polysulfide complexes. The species of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni are shown to be Cu(S₄) ₂ ³⁻ and Cu(Sn₄S₅)³⁻, Zn(HS) ₂ ⁰ and ZnHS ₂ ⁻ , Cd(HS) ₂ ⁰ and Ni(HS) ₂ ⁰ , respectively. The solid species controlling Fe²⁺ and Co²⁺ are respectively the pyrohotites FeS and CoS. The data illustrates that thermodynamic equilibrium has been established in the H₂S-controlled seawater of Saanich Inlet, and that equilibrium has not been established in the H₂S−O₂-coexisted seawater of Saanich Inlet. The lack of equilibrium in the H₂S−O₂-coexisted seawater is a result of the flushing or mixing of oxygenated seawater with anoxic water. The new species of trace metals are still in the processes of reduction and precipitation. Contribution No. 1428 from Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica     

Effects of small peptides,probiotics, prebiotics,and synbiotics on growth performance,digestive enzymes,and oxidative stress in orange-spotted grouper,Epinephelus coioides,juveniles reared in artificial seawater

Aquaculture production efficiency may increase by using feed additives. This study investigated the effects of different dietary additives [w/w: 2% small peptides, 0.01% probiotics( Bacillus licheniformis) and 0.2% prebiotics(inulin)] on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and oxidative stress in juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial seawater of two salt concentrations(13.5 vs. 28.5). Weight gain rate was significantly higher in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides, B. licheniformis, inulin, or synbiotics than that in fish fed the basal diet; the greatest weight gain rate was found in fish fed the small peptide treatment [56.0% higher than basal diet]. Higher feed efficiency was detected in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides than that of fish in the other dietary treatments. Total protease activity in the stomach and intestines was highest in fish fed the small peptide-treated diet, whereas lipase activity was highest in those fed synbiotics(combination of Bacillus licheniformis and inulin) than that in fish fed the other treatments. Antioxidant enzyme(total superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities and hepatic malondialdehyde content were higher in fish receiving the dietary supplements and maintained in artificial seawater containing 13.5 salinity compared with those in the control(28.5). Hepatic catalase activity in grouper fed the diets with small peptides or synbiotics decreased significantly compared with that in control fish. Overall, the three types of additives improved growth rate of juvenile grouper and digestive enzymes activities to varying degrees but did not effectively improve antioxidant capacity under low-salinity stress conditions.     

气、水、岩、生、人相互作用及其环境效应

这里所指示的大气圈、水圈、岩石圈、生物圈以及人类的作用千变万化,从而对人类的生存造成巨大影响,构成了一个复杂的生态环境,讨论这些问题,对人类生存至关重要。     

Growth,reproduction & population structure of the freshwater crabSinopotamon yangtsekiense bott, 1967, from Zhejiang,China

Monthly investigations were mae on the population of Chinese freshwater crab,Sinopotamon yangtsekiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to March, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occurred from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June–October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June–August, and crabs with young were found from July–October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-born crabs become mature after 1–2 years. The sex ratio was approximately 1∶1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution ofS. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs (over 70%) from June to October and more immature crabs (over 50%) from November to May.     

GROWTH, REPRODUCTION & POPULATION STRUCTURE OF THE FRESHWATER CRAB SINOPOTAMON YANG TSEKIENSE BOTT, 1967, FROM ZHEJIANG, CHINA

Monthly investigatiom were made on the population of Chinese freshwater crab, Sinopotamon yangteskiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to Match, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occured from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June-October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June-August, and crabs with young were found from July-October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-bom crabs become mature after 1-2 yeats. The sex ratio was approximately 1:1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution of S. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs     

CONTROLLING MECHANISMS FOR THE TRACE METALS,(Cu,Zn, Cd, Fe, Co AND Ni) IN ANOXIC SEA WATER IN SAANICH INLET, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA

A study was conducted on Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni levels in Saanich Inlet anoxic seawaler. Data on the concentrations of these trace metals and H2S, and other oceanographic parameters were obtained in four cruisesEquilibrium models are presented together with in situ data. The" results strongly support the assumption that the solubilities of Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni are controlled by bisulfide and /or polysulfide complexes. The species of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni are shown to be Cu(S4)23- and Cu(S4S5)3-, Zn(HS)20 and ZnHS2-, Cd(HS)20 and Ni(HS)20 respectively. The solid species controlling Fe2 + and Co2+ are respectively the pyrohotites FeS and CoS. The data illustrates that thermodynamic equilibrium has been established in the H2S-controlled seawater of Saanich Inlet, and that equilibrium has not been established in the H2S-O2-coexisted seawater of Saanich Inlet. The lack of equilibrium in the H2S-O2-coexisted seawater is a result of the flushing or mixing of oxygenated seawater with anoxic water. The new s     

石漠化的成因机理与防治对策

从石漠化的研究现状出发,依据我国西南岩溶石山地区石漠化特征,着重分析其主要控制介质为岩性、构造、地貌、气候、岩溶、地下水、植被等自然介质因子与森林砍伐、高坡开垦等人为介质因子.石漠化是以岩溶山区脆弱的岩溶生态环境为基础,以内、外地质作用和人类恶性生态地质作用为驱动力,以资源退化和恶化为本质,基岩不断裸露,生态环境不断恶化,周而复始的恶性循环过程.提出对石漠化的研究重点是成因机理研究,对石漠化的防治应着重于对石漠化的驱动力及其主导因子的防治,阐述了治山必须先治水等防治对策与建议.