广东乳源宝山岩体花岗岩成因以及构造环境

宝山岩体所在的南岭地区关于花岗岩的研究一直是国内的热点,本文利用地球化学的方法研究了该地区花岗岩的成因和构造环境。将主量元素投入地球化学成因分类图,可以判定宝山岩体是具有S型特征的强过铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩;根据地球化学构造判别图,分析出该区域的花岗岩为后造山期板内构造作用生成的产物;结合文献推断研究区燕山早期地壳发生"伸展—拉张"的板内活动,使得深层岩浆上涌继而发生地壳重熔。解释了本区域花岗岩的成因以及构造背景。     

东昆仑石灰沟金矿的花岗岩成矿作用特征

依据石灰沟金矿地质特征,通过对花岗岩类型划分与构造环境的分析,认为该矿区花岗岩体岩石类型以碱性花岗岩为主,属铝过饱和系列,为A-S混合型花岗岩,起源于地壳与地幔的混熔,是造山带深成活动的产物,形成时代为晚华力西期—印支期,说明金的成矿属于岩浆演化最后阶段的产物,成矿时代应属于印支晚期—燕山早期。     

辽东地区古元古代侵入岩特征及构造岩浆大陆动力学演化

辽东古元古代侵入岩广泛分布于太子河凹陷以南的营口、宽甸、丹东、桓仁等地。本文概述了侵入岩地质、岩石、岩石化学及地球化学等特征 ,探讨了其源区有幔源型、壳幔混源型、壳源型的属性。岩浆演化规律为：造山前富 Mg质玄武岩、拉斑玄武岩系列与钙碱系列双向演化；造山期由中酸性→酸性，由钠质→钾质；造山后崩塌期由基性→中性→酸性，由拉斑玄武岩系列→钙碱系列，由钠质→钾质。构造岩浆大陆动力学演化过程和模式为造山前毗芦寺超基性－基性杂岩侵喷就位，造山早期条痕状花岗岩同构造底劈侵位，造山主期片麻状黑云－二云母二长花岗岩同构造中高位侵入，造山晚期块状花岗闪长岩－二长花岗岩组合高位侵入，造山期后构造崩塌期辉长－辉绿岩组合、闪长岩－斜长花岗岩－钾长花岗岩组合伸展就位。     

东昆仑沟里地区花岗岩年代学、岩石地球化学及其地球动力学意义

东昆仑沟里地区位于青藏高原北缘东昆仑造山带东段,区内发育花岗闪长岩、黑云母二长花岗岩、似斑状二长花岗岩、钾长花岗岩、花岗岩。花岗闪长岩样品中锆石呈半自形-自形柱状,震荡环带较发育,为岩浆成因锆石,样品的U-Pb加权平均年龄为(225±1.7)Ma,代表其岩浆侵位时代为晚三叠世。岩石地球化学特征显示该地区花岗岩具有高硅、富碱和低钛特征,为准铝质-过铝质岩石,富集轻稀土元素(LREE)及Rb、Ba、U、K等大离子亲石元素,具有弱的Eu负异常,属于高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩。岩石地球化学、年代学研究以及区域构造演化表明,东昆仑沟里地区花岗岩形成在晚三叠世碰撞到后碰撞造山阶段,且该岩体的形成与布青山－阿尼玛卿洋俯冲作用有很大的关系。      

胶东金矿成矿构造背景探讨

在编制1∶50万山东省大地构造相图基础上,通过对大地构造相研究显示:胶东微地块是经多期增生和碰撞而形成的,其漫长的板块构造演化明显具有阶段性。侏罗纪是该区板块构造演化史上的一个重要转换期,构造演化由原来的南、北分异转变为东、西分异,胶东地区NE向新生构造起了主要作用。胶东地区中生代有2次重要的碰撞造山事件,印支造山作用主要表现为扬子板块向华北板块俯冲,形成苏鲁高压-超高压变质带及同造山花岗岩及后造山高碱正长岩;燕山造山作用的大陆动力学环境起源于中亚-特提斯构造域向滨太平洋构造域转化和太平洋板块的俯冲,在胶东地区表现为3次造山和3次伸展。晚侏罗世造山早期玲珑片麻状花岗岩组合是区域构造挤压导致地壳增厚引起地壳重熔的产物,代表了大陆弧花岗岩特征;早白垩世造山中期郭家岭花岗闪长岩-花岗岩组合代表了造山期大陆弧花岗岩的特点;造山晚期伟德山闪长岩-花岗闪长岩-花岗岩组合表现为大陆弧花岗岩,后造山A型崂山晶洞过碱性碱长花岗岩-正长花岗岩组合为大陆造陆隆升花岗岩与后造山花岗岩,代表燕山构造的结束。胶东地区构造-岩浆事件和金矿成矿作用受控于特提斯、古亚洲洋和太平洋三大构造域的相互作用,金矿形成的动力学背景是中生代构造体制转折和岩石圈减薄,起因与太平洋板块向华北板块的俯冲机制有关。     

南秦岭龙王洞地区中生代云峰寨单元花岗岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

该文对南秦岭龙王洞地区中生代云峰寨单元花岗岩的主量元素特征、微量元素特征及稀土元素特征进行分析研究,对该岩体进行较为全面的地球化学特征总结。研究表明:云峰寨单元花岗岩属于碱性过铝质A型花岗岩,形成于高温、贫水、高压的相对还原环境。花岗岩成因以地壳作用为主,花岗岩中稀土元素总体富集且分馏程度较高,轻稀土元素较重稀土元素富集且分馏明显。花岗岩为主动就位机制,是在早燕山期造山垮塌阶段的张性构造环境时期产生,与陆壳增厚、地幔物质减压隆升密切相关。     

商丹断裂构造特征及其演化

商丹断裂带是北秦岭加里东造山带与中秦岭海西造山带的分界断裂,由韧性剪切应变带、逆冲推覆构造带、地堑断陷带及其所夹持的岩块、岩片、构造岩、褶曲等多种地质体组合成复杂的断裂带。其演化历史至少经历晋宁期俯冲、加里东期碰撞、海西—印支期陆内俯冲、燕山期滑脱推覆和喜山期地堑断陷的复杂演化过程而形成今日所见的复杂断裂构造。     

大兴安岭北部上其地区中生代花岗岩年代学、岩石地球化学特征及构造背景

大兴安岭上其地区中生代花岗岩位于西伯利亚板块东南陆缘增生带中的乌尔其汉火山型被动陆缘与东乌旗-扎兰屯火山型被动陆缘接触带,该区构造研究可为大兴安岭的隆升研究提供信息。对研究区中生代花岗岩进行了系统的岩石地球化学特征及锆石U-Pb同位素年代学研究,并对其构造背景进行了讨论。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,这些花岗岩主要形成于早侏罗世和晚侏罗世,修正了前人把测区二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩划归晚石炭世的观点。岩石化学特征表明,研究区花岗岩均属于碱性岩,具有高钾、硅饱和、准铝质-弱铝质岩石的特征;系列判别图解显示研究区早侏罗世花岗岩为I型花岗岩,晚侏罗世花岗岩为高分异I型花岗岩,形成于后造山或碰撞后的构造环境,代表了伸展的大地构造背景。      

苗儿山花岗岩体单元--超单元特征及其定位机制

根据花岗岩单元&超单元新理论将苗儿山岩体划分为13个单元,归并为两个超单元、两个独立单元.不同单元、超单元的地质特征揭示了不同构造期古老岩石重熔的岩浆,沿北东向基底断裂上侵在隆起核部冷凝成岩的演化规律.雪峰期形成猫儿界单元浅成相裂隙喷溢型火山岩;加里东期以NE向基底断裂的中心式扩展定位形成中深成相黄金超单元主体,自中心往外,岩体由新至老分布;印支&燕山期延续了加里东期岩浆活动特征;因环状裂隙影响,印支期光旺岭单元各侵入体总体呈NE向展布,且以加里东期岩浆侵位中心呈半环状排列;燕山期八角亭超单元3个NE向带,是岩浆呈岩墙式扩张定位的具体表现.     

滇西哀牢山构造岩浆岩带阿扎鲁花岗岩岩石地球化学特征及构造背景浅析

阿扎鲁岩体分布于哀牢山构造岩浆岩带中,通过野外地质调查与岩体剖面测量、岩石样品采集分析、薄片显微镜下鉴定等手段与方法,对其野外地质特征、岩石学特征及岩石地球化学特征进行了系统研究,并探讨了其形成的构造环境。研究结果表明,阿扎鲁岩体的岩性为花岗岩,岩体分布明显受断裂控制;岩石局部可见后期变质的片岩及糜棱岩,岩石具浅层侵入的特点;阿扎鲁花岗岩的A/NCK多大于1.0,为铝饱和型;具有富硅钾、低钙、贫铁、镁、钛的特点,岩石为高钾钙碱性系列。其主量元素、微量元素及稀土元素地球化学特征均表明,该岩体形成于造山期碰撞后期的弧陆碰撞阶段。      

Interannual variability of transport and bifurcation of the North Equatorial Current in the tropical North Pacific Ocean

The relationship of the interannual variability of the transport and bifurcation latitude of the North Equatorial Current (NEC) to the El Ni o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is investigated. This is done through composite analysis of sea surface height (SSH) observed by satellite altimeter during October 1992-July 2009, and correspondingly derived sea surface geostrophic currents. During El Nio/La Ni a years, the SSH in the tropical North Pacific Ocean falls/rises, with maximum changes in the region 0-15°N, 130°E-160°E. The decrease/increase in SSH induces a cyclonic/anticyclonic anomaly in the western tropical gyre. The cyclonic/anticyclonic anomaly in the gyre results in an increase/decrease of NEC transport, and a northward/southward shift of the NEC bifurcation latitude near the Philippine coast. The variations are mainly in response to anomalous wind forcing in the west-central tropical North Pacific Ocean, related to ENSO events.     

领略朔方的冷·酷

冰封江河湖岛,雪漫山峦平野——冰雪交融,银装素裹的冬季黑龙江是一个绚丽多彩的冰雪世界。     

Heat and salt transport throughout the North Pacific Ocean

Absolute geostrophic currents in the North Pacific Ocean are calculated using the P-vector method and gridded Argo profiling data from January 2004 to December 2012. Three-dimensional structures and seasonal variability of meridional heat transport (MHT) and meridional salt transport (MST) are analyzed. The results show that geostrophic and Ekman components are generally opposite in sign, with the southward geostrophic component dominating in the subtropics and the northward Ekman component dominating in the tropics. In combination with the net surface heat flux and the MST through the Bering Strait, the MHT and MST of the western boundary currents (WBCs) are estimated for the first time. The results suggest that the WBCs are of great importance in maintaining the heat and salt balance of the North Pacific. The total interior MHT and MST in the tropics show nearly the same seasonal variability as that of the Ekman components, consistent with the variability of zonal wind stress. The geostrophic MHT in the tropics is mainly concentrated in the upper layers, while MST with large amplitude and annual variation can extend much deeper. This suggests that shallow processes dominate MHT in the North Pacific, while MST can be affected by deep ocean circulation. In the extratropical ocean, both MHT and MST are weak. However, there is relatively large and irregular seasonal variability of geostrophic MST, suggesting the importance of the geostrophic circulation in the MST of that area.     

Circulation and Heat Flux along the Western Boundary of the North Pacific

On the basis of the conductivity temperature depth(CTD)observation data off the coast of the Philippines(7.5°–18°N,130°E–the east coast of the Philippines)in the fall of 2005,the water mass distribution,geostrophic flow field,and heat budget are examined.Four water masses are present:the North Pacific Tropical Surface Water,the North Pacific Sub-surface Water,the North Pacific Intermediate Water,and the Antarctic Intermediate Water(AAIW).The previous three corresponded with the North Equatorial Current(NEC),the Kuroshio Current(KC),and the Mindanao Current(MC),respectively.AAIW is the source of the Mindanao Undercurrent.The mass transport of NEC,KC,and MC is 58.7,15,and 27.95Sv,respectively(relative to 1500db).NEC can be balanced by the transport across the whole transect 18°N(31.81 Sv)and 7.5°N(26.11 Sv)but not simply by KC and MC.Direct calculation is used to study the heat flux.In sum,1.45PW heat is transported outwards the observed region,which is much more than that released from the ocean to the air at the surface(0.05PW).The net heat lost decreased the water temperature by 0.75℃each month on average,and the trend agreed well with the SST change.Vertically,the heat transported by the currents is mainly completed in the upper 500 m.     

THE PROBLEMS OF WATER RESOURCES IN NORTH CHINA AND THE STRATEGY

North China, whose total area is 420,000 km2, covers 2 provinces and 2 cities (Shanxi and Hebei provinces, Beijing and Tianjin) and the territories of Henan and Shandong provinces to the north of the Huanghe (Yellow) River, and part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Liaoning Province. Most of this region, which is situated in the semi-humid, semi-arid continental climate temperate zone, gets an annual precipitation of 500-600 mm, whereas, the perennial average amount of total water resource is 50.99 billion m3, including 33.82 billion m3 of surface water, 32.94 billion m3 of ground water and 15.77 billion m3 of their duplication. Due to the intensive exploitation of water resource caused by the deficiency of water resource in North China, key elements of water balance was changed, runoff volume reduced, evaporation increased, vertical movement of moisture strengthened, water circulation pattern transformed from open system into regionally closed system; meanwhile, due to the incompetent water     

Distribution and abundance of pelagic tunicates in the North Yellow Sea

In this paper, the distribution patterns and abundance of pelagic tunicates in the North Yellow Sea of China during the period 2006-2007 were analyzed. Zooplankton samples were obtained with vertical towing from bottom to surface using a WP2 plankton net(200 μm mesh size; mouth area: 0.25 m2). Five species belonging to two classes were identified: Oikopleura dioica, O. longicauda and Fritillaria borealis belonging to class Appendicularia; Salpa fusiformis and Doliolum denticulatum of class Thaliacea. O. dioica and O. longicauda were the dominant species, occurring in the samples of all four seasons, with different distribution patterns. Their maximum abundance were 1664.7 ind. m-3(spring) and 1031.7 ind. m-3(spring) respectively. Following Oikopleura spp. were D. denticulatum, which was found only in autumn with an average abundance of 149.6 ind. m-3, and S. fusiformis, which was detected all the year long except for autumn with low abundance(max. abundance 289.4 ind. m-3 in summer). Only a very small amount of F. borealis was detected in summer samples, with an average abundance of 2.7 ind. m-3. The relationship between tunicates abundances and the environmental factors was analyzed using the stepwise regression model for each species. The variation of appendicularian abundance showed a significant correlation with the surface water temperature and with the concentration of Chl-a. No relationship was found between tunicates abundance and salinity, likely due to the slight changes in surface salinity of the studied area during the four seasons. Salps abundance and that of doliolids were significantly correlated to bottom water temperature, indicating that these two species(S. fusiformis and D. denticulatum) migrate vertically in the water column. In particular D. denticulatum, known to be a warm water species, showed not only an important correlation with water temperature, but also a spatial distribution connected to the warm currents in the North Yellow Sea. The occurrence of D. denticulatum represents an interesting result never found in past research work. Water temperature, algal distribution and currents were the most relevant environmental factors influencing the tunicate abundance and distribution in the North Yellow Sea. Further research is needed in order to get more information on the ecology of these organisms and to better understand their role in the ecosystem including the oceanic food web.     

华北地区重力和地形及其对克拉通破坏深部过程的约束

以重力和地形数据研究现今华北克拉通区域岩石圈热化学结构,探讨华北克拉通破坏过程。首先计算自由空气重力异常、布格重力异常、Airy均衡重力异常;再利用地震学莫霍面观测从地形和布格异常中扣除对应部分,计算残余重力异常及残余地形;最后对残余重力异常进行剩余密度反演。结果表明：1）华北克拉通中、东部存在浮力;2）克拉通东部由温度效应引起的密度负扰动效应略强于化学组分差异引起的密度正扰动;3）现今华北克拉通东部是古老克拉通型地幔和新生正常地幔的混合物,约保留50%~60%古老克拉通地幔成分;4）由重力和密度约束得到的混合地幔结果支持前人提出的多期幕式拆沉的华北克拉通深部破坏过程。     

北美地区大湖水位的变化研究

在数十年来大湖水位变化历史记录背景下，考察了近年来大湖处于低水位的问题，并且比较了下游湖区水位最近的回升与上游湖区持续的低水位状况．探讨了气候变化对大湖水位的潜在影响。     

贺兰拗拉谷北段奥陶系等深流沉积

采用野外观察描述和室内分析相结合的方法,以桌子山剖面奥陶系沉积相研究为基础,识别出了典型的碳酸盐等深流沉积.首次采用Fischer图解法, 求取了碳酸盐等深流沉积其可容空间变化曲线.参照野外的样品化学分析数据,得出深水等深岩的生烃能力较好,故对等深岩的研究具有潜在的矿产意义.在未来研究上,应运用地震波识别、遥感等现代科技调查手段,进行多学科综合研究,尽快建立一套完善的识别标志,以促使其逐渐成为沉积学中一个更为完善的研究领域.