WDC—D协调委员会于今年元月成立

1988年9月,国际科学联合会理事会(ICSU)在北京召开大会期间,宣布我国被正式接纳参加世界数据中心,命名为世界数据中心中国中心(WDC-D)。 世界数据中心(WDC)成立于1957年,主要是为处理和交换国际地球物理年计划(IGY)所得到的观测数据。以后,由于国际地球物理年及其他有关国际计划的需要,世界数据中心便作为国际科学联合会理事会的一个数据机构而存在下来。其宗旨是在国际科学联合会理事会的领导下,更好地促     

介绍八十年代国际岩石圈计划

被称为八十年代地球科学前沿的国际性多学科(包括地质学、地球物理、地球化学和大地测量学)研究计划“岩石圈动力学和演化:地球资源和减轻灾害的纲要”,是在国际科学联合会理事会(ICSU)领导下,由国际大地测量地球物理联合会(IUGG)和国际地质科学联合会(IUGS)共同组建的.它是五十年代以来地球科学领域一系列国际多学科规划(如1957～1959年的国际地球物理年、六十年代的国际上地幔计划、七十年代的国际地球动力学计划等)的继续.     

国际岩石圈计划——八十年代国际地球科学研究的前沿

一、新的国际地球科学研究计划的诞生被称为八十年代地球科学研究前沿,期限十年的国际性多学科研究计划“岩石圈动力学和演化,地球资源和减轻灾害的纲要”经过七十年代后期三年多的酝酿、讨论和组织,巳于1980年付诸实施,并在过去的三年多时间里,取得了可喜的成果.该计划是在全世界日益关心未来的矿产资源和能源、自然灾害和合理的管理环境等问题,以及地球科学正在出现重要的概念复兴的时刻,根据国际大地测量及地球物理联合会(IUGG)和国际地质科学联合会(IUGS)共同倡议,由国际科学联合会理事会(ICSU)建立的.它是五十年代国际地球物理年,六十年代国际上地幔计划和七十年代国际地球动力学计划的科学成就和国际多学科合作精神的继续.     

国际水文地质学家协会简介

国际水文地质学家协会(IAH,InternationalAssociation of Hydrogeologists)是国际地质科学联合会(IUGS,International Union of GeologicalSciences)所属的一个非政府、非获利的由个人和集体会员组成的科学教育组织.国际地质科学联合会又是国际科学联合会(ICSU,International Coun-cial of Scientific Union)的会员组织之一.IAH的目的是促进地质学家与其他专业学家共同感兴趣的水文地质问题的合作.它主要的活动是:促进和赞助水文地质研究,与其他组织的合作,召开本协会或与其他组织联合召开的学术会议,出版各类水文地质论著.     

国际科学技术数据前沿领域发展研究

科学数据作为现代科学可持续发展的重要资源以及科学数据与创新知识产生的密不可分在国际科学界已经成为共识。近年来，国际科学联合会(ICSU)及其所属的有关国际科学组织对科学数据共享的工作均给予了很高的关注，科学技术数据领域的前沿问题成为目前国际科学界讨论的热点问     

2012—2022年地球科学国际发展态势与中国影响力分析

地球科学对一个国家的经济社会发展有着重要的战略支撑作用。为了对国际地球科学发展态势特别是中国地球科学的国际地位与影响力开展多层次分析,通过构建地球科学发展态势“宏观—中观—微观”定量研究框架,从产出规模、合作网络、研究主题、主题热度和国际影响力等多维角度开展基于文献数据的分析。研究发现,2012年以来全球地球科学保持着较为活跃和稳步向前的发展态势,中国在产出规模、发文机构、合作网络、高被引论文以及国际影响力等方面取得长足进步。基于国内外地球科学战略计划与定量研究结论,从学科战略系统规划、国际深度科技合作、国际前沿科学计划主导、学科领域数据中心建设、新技术工具再研发和学科融合创新发展几方面出发,提出未来中国地球科学发展应加大中长期学科战略研究与系统规划、促进高水平国际深度科技合作与交流、策划发起中国领导国际前沿科学计划等。     

国际地层委员会(ICS)——章程2017

正目录1.序言和定义2.目的和目标3.组织4.执行委员会5.分会6.特设委员会7.工作组8.下设机构的建立与解散9.任期、选举和投票10.职业规范11.批准12.会议13.年报14.国际地层委员会网站15.地质生物多样性数据库16.章程的执行与修订1序言和定义国际地层委员会(International Commission on Stratigraphy,简称ICS)隶属于国际地质科学联合会(International Union of Geological Sciences,简称IUGS),国际地质科学联合会于1961年在法国巴黎成立,隶属于科学联盟国际委员会(International Council of Scientific Unions,简称ICSU)。     

国际空间研究委员会(COSPAR)第26届年会在法国举行

国际空间研究委员会(Committee on Space Research)是国际科学联盟理事会(ICSU)于1958年10月建立的一个国际学术团体,其目的是为了在1957—1958年国际地球物理年以后继续成功地承担火箭和卫星方面的国际合作计划。根据国际科联的规定,COSPAR的主要任务旨在提供世界各个科学社团为了科学目的进行各种空间的侦     

第6届国际地貌大会将于2005年9月7～11日在西班牙Zaragoza市召开

国际地貌学家协会(IAG)是于1989年宣布成立的国际性学术团体,通过国际地理联合会(IGU)及国际地质科学联合会(IUGS)挂靠国际科学委员会(ICSU)。IAG组织召集的大会分别称为国际地貌大会、区域大会及专题大会。例如,2000年时由王颖院士担任组委会主席在南京成功召开过一次专题大会,第5届地貌大     

认识地球所受压力状况 寻求全球可持续性路径——“压力下的星球——迈向解决方案的新知识”大会综述

2012年3月26～29日,由＂全球环境变化研究计划＂——国际地圈生物圈计划（IGBP）、生物多样性计划（DIVERSITAS）、全球环境变化人文因素计划（IHDP）和世界气候研究计划（WCRP）及其地球系统科学联盟（ESSP）、国际科学理事会（ICSU）联合组织的＂压力下的星球——迈向解决方案的新知识”（Planet Under Pressure2012：NewKnowledge To-wards Solutions）大会在英国伦敦召开。     

国际全球变化计划与世界数据中心的联合行动：1997年联合数据会议及其启示

对国际全球变化研究计划的数据信息系统和世界数据中心联合召开的会议，以及会议做出的双方进行有效数据合作的若干决定和今后共同中的行动计划做了详细介绍。并根据国际发展趋势对我国有关数据工作的对策进行探讨并提出了建议。     

Interpretive Pitfalls in Historical Hazards Data

The primary use of the natural hazards data archived at the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) and co-located World Data Center for Solid Earth Geophysics (WDC for SEG) is for the mitigation of future disasters. Among the responsibilities of NGDC/WDC for SEG is archiving and disseminating hazards data to city planners, educators, engineers and others engaged in mitigation efforts (approximately 150,000 users per week on our web site). Therefore, it is the purpose of this paper to educate the hazards' community about some of the limitations of these data. It is hoped that enlightened users would have a greater appreciation of data errors and possible sources of misinterpretation of the data.Personnel at NGDC/WDC for SEG are in a unique position to discuss the limitations of hazards data since we compile data from original and secondary sources. We are also in direct contact with the data users and know the applications that they make of hazard data, and the misjudgments that often occur when data limitations are not known.Most hazard catalogs cover periods of less than 200 years and are reasonably complete and accurate for only the past 20 to 50 years. Such catalogs are not sufficient to investigate long term hazard variations. Earthquake, tsunami, and volcano data catalogs, acquired and integrated at NGDC/WDC for SEG, illustrate artificial long-term variations created by cultural and scientific reporting changes, which can introduce unanticipated non-random variations into the catalogs. Inconsistencies are often related to changes in the way magnitudes are calculated, evolving network equipment, and network discontinuities of operation and personnel, among other error sources.Before statistical hazard studies can be done, catalogs need to be clearly understood to identify systematic patterns of an observational nature.     

中国生态系统研究网络（CERN）：概况、成就和展望

在中国科学院的支持下，中国生态系统研究网络（CERN）于1988年建立，现由代表不同生态系统的36个生态站、5个分中心和1个综合中心组成。经过10多年的努力，CERN各站和中心已按照规定的监测指标体系和操作规范，系统地开展了生态监测以及有关的研究和生态系统优化管理模式示范等方面的工作，且已取得了一系列重大成果。CERN目前已经成为我国生态学研究和人才培养的重要基地及国际生态监测与研究网络的重要组成部分。随着中国科学院知识创新工程第三期计划的启动，CERN又将进入到一个重要的发展阶段。可以预期，CERN在促进科学发展和服务社会方面都将取得更重大的成就。     

A Plausible Model for Evolution of Schist Belts and Granite Plutons of Dharwar Craton,India and Madagascar During 3.0-2.5 Ga: Insight from Gravity Modeling Constrained in Part from Seismic Studies

Gravity modeling of an E-W profile across Dharwar Craton, India and Madagascar, integrated with the results of Deep Seismic Sounding (DSS) across the Dharwar Craton suggest a thick crust of 40-42 km under the eastern part of Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC), the Western Dharwar Craton (WDC) and the central part of the Madagascar. Towards east of these blocks, the crustal thickness is reduced to 36-38 km along the Eastern Ghat Fold Belt (EGFB), shear zone between the EDC and the WDC and the east coast of Madagascar, respectively. These zones of thin crust are also characterized by high density lower crustal rocks associated with thrusts. The seismic section across Dharwar Craton shows domal- shaped reflectors in the lower crust and upper mantle under the WDC which may be related to asthenopheric upwelling during an extension phase. The occurrences of large schist belts with volcano-sedimentary sequences of marine origin of late Archean period (3.0-2.7 Ga) as rift basins in the WDC and Madagascar also suggest an extensional phase in this region during that period. It is followed by a convergence between the WDC and the EDC giving rise to collision-related shear and thrust zones between the WDC and the EDC associated with high density lower crustal rocks. The seismic section shows upwarped reflectors in the upper crust which may be related to this convergence. Eastward dipping reflectors under WDC and EDC and west verging thrusts suggest convergence from the west to the east which resulted in easterly subduction giving rise to subduction-related K-granite plutons of the EDC of 2.6-2.5 Ga. In this regard, the Closepet granite in the EDC which extends almost parallel to the shear zone between the WDC and EDC and shows an I-type calk-alkaline composition may represent relict of an island arc and the linear schist belts with bimodal volcanics of the EDC east of it might have developed as back arc rift basins. Subsequent collision between India and Antarctica along the EGFB during Middle Proterozoic, indicated by eastward dipping reflectors in the crust and the upper mantle and west verging thrust gave rise to contemporary high-grade rocks of the EGFB (1.6-1.0 Ga) and associated mafic and felsic intrusives of this belt. The part of adjoining Cuddapah basin contemporary to the EGFB towards the west consisting of marine shelf type of sediments which are highly disturbed and thickest at its contact with the EGFB may represent a peripheral foreland basin. Gravity modeling provides thickest crust of 42 km in the southern part of the WDC and does not support sharp increase in crustal thickness of 50-60 km with high velocity upper mantle as suggested from receiver function analysis. It may represent some foreign material of high density trapped in this section such as part of oceanic crust during convergence and subduction that is referred to above. It is supported from eastward dipping reflectors in lower crust and upper mantle in adjoining region.     

Analysis of the Modes of Aggregation of Scientific Data and Proposals for its Development in China

Scientific data are strategic resources, and the aggregation of scientific data is an important method to seize the upstream and competitive highlands of scientific data. Notably, it is challenging to grasp the international situation and the scientific laws concerning the mode of scientific data aggregation; exploring the modes and methods of scientific data aggregation that are suitable for China's national conditions is also difficult. This paper investigated and analyzed the modes of scientific data aggregation both at home and abroad from the viewpoints of international organizations, international scientific programs, government agencies, and professional data centers. Five modes of scientific data aggregation were summarized, including scientific research projects converging to designated data centers/repositories, scientific research projects dispersing to data centers/repositories, individual scientists submitting datasets to data centers/repositories with published papers, scientific research projects/individual scientists sharing directories/networks, big data computing/processing platform, and citizen science models of open and public convergence. This paper analyzed each mode and the corresponding cases. On this basis, the paper put forward six suggestions for the reasonable aggregation of scientific data in China, including the implementation of the “Measurement of Scientific Data Management”, certification of data aggregation centers, scientific data collection and publishing in journals, construction of data aggregation networks, aggregation of international resources, and construction of the whole data aggregation chain.     

Mafic and ultramafic magmatism and associated mineralization in the Dharwar craton,southern India

Evidence of mafic and ultramafic magmatism exists in many parts of the Dharwar craton which is divided into two blocks, the West Dharwar Craton (WDC) and the East Dharwar Craton (EDC). The mafic-ultramafic rocks occur in supracrustal/greenstone belts and in numerous enclaves and slivers in the WDC. The oldest recorded maficultramafic rocks, which are mainly komatiitic in nature, are preserved in the Sargur Group which is more than 3.3–3.4 Ga old, the youngest being manifested by 63–76 Ma old mafic dyke magmatism, possibly related to Deccan volcanism. In the Sargur Group, ultramafics rocks greatly dominate over mafic lithological units. Both extrusive and intrusive varieties, the latter in the form of differentiated layered complexes, occur. Mafic volcanics exists in all the greenstone belts of the eastern block and in the Bababudan and Western Ghats belts of the western block. In addition to the Sargur Group where stratigraphic sequences are unclear, mafic magmatism is recorded in three different formations of the Bababudan Group and two sub-divisions of the Shimoga and Chitradurga Groups where basaltic flows are conspicuous. In the well studied greenstone belts of Kolar and Hutti in the EDC, three to four different Formations of mafic volcanic rocks have been mapped. Isotopic dating has indicated that while mafic magmatism in the greenstone belts of the EDC covers only a short time span of between 2.65 to 2.75 Ga, those in the Dharwar Supergroup of the WDC cover a much longer time span from 3.35 to 2.5 Ga. Mafic dyke magmatism has taken place repeatedly from 2.45 Ga to about 1.0 Ga, but, the peak of emplacement was between 1.8 and 1.4 Ga when the densely developed swarms on the western and south western portions of the Cuddapah Basin and in the central part of Karnataka, were intruded. Emplacement of potassic ultramafic magma in the form of kimberlite-lamproite which is confined to the EDC, is a later magmatic event that took place between 1.4 Ga and 0.8 Ga. From a mineralization perspective, mafic magmatism of the supracrustal groups of the WDC and the greenstone belts of the EDC are the most important. V-Ti-magnetite bands constitute the most common deposit type recorded in the mafic-ultramafic complexes of the Sargur Group with commercially exploitable chromite deposits occurring in a number of belts. PGE mineralization of possible commercial value has so far been recorded in a single mafic-ultramafic complex, while copper-nickel mineralization occurs at certain localities in the Sargur and Chitradurga Groups. Gold mineralization hosted by mafic (occasionally ultramafic) rocks has been noted in many of the old workings located in supracrustal groups of rocks in the WDC and in the greenstone belts of EDC. Economically exploitable mineralization, however, occurs mainly in the greenstone belts of the Kolar, Ramagiri-Penkacherla and Hutti-Maski and along the eastern margin of the Chitradurga belt, where it is associated with a major N-S striking thrust zone separating the WDC from the EDC. Gold deposits of the eastern greenstone belts are comparable to those of the younger greenstone belts of Canada, Zimbabwe and Australia where the mineralization is associated with quartz carbonate veins often in iron-rich metabasic rocks. The gold was emplaced as hydrothermal fluids, derived from early komatiitic and tholeiitic magmas, and injected into suitable dilatent structures. The other common type of mineralization associated with the ultramafic rocks of the Sargur Group and supracrustal belts, particularly of the WDC, are asbestos and soapstone, related to autometamorphism/metasomatism. Ruby/sapphire deposits occur in places at the contacts of ultramafic rocks with the Peninsular Gneiss, and are related to contact metamorphism and metasomatism. Mineable magnesite deposits related to low-temperature hydrothermal/lateritic alteration exist in the zone of weathering, particularly in the more olivine-rich rocks. Recent spurt in diamond exploration is offering promise of discovering economically workable diamondiferous kimberlite/lamproite intrusions in the EDC.     

Analysis of airborne magnetic and gravity anomalies of peninsular shield, India integrated with seismic and magnetotelluric results and gravity anomalies of Madagascar, Sri Lanka and East Antarctica

Modelling of gravity and airborne magnetic data integrated with seismic studies suggest that the linear gravity and magnetic anomalies associated with Moyar Bhavani Shear Zone (MBSZ) and Palghat Cauvery Shear Zone (PCSZ) are caused by high density and high susceptibility rocks in upper crust which may represent mafic lower crustal rocks. This along with thick crust (44–45 km) under the Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT) indicates collision of Dharwar craton towards north and SGT towards south with N–S directed compression during 2.6–2.5 Ga. This collision may be related to contemporary collision northwards between Eastern Madagascar–Western Dharwar Craton (WDC) and Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC). Arcuate shaped N and S-verging thrusts, MBSZ-Mettur Shear and PCSZ-Gangavalli Shear, respectively across Cauvery Shear zone system (CSZ) in SGT also suggest that the WDC, EDC and SGT might have collided almost simultaneously during 2.6–2.5 Ga due to NW–SE directed compressional forces with CSZ as central core complex in plate tectonics paradigm preserving rocks of oceanic affinity. Gravity anomalies of schist belts of WDC suggest marginal and intra arc basin setting.The gravity highs of EGFB along east coast of India and regional gravity low over East Antarctica are attributed to thrusted high-density lower crustal/upper mantle rocks at a depth of 5–6 km along W-verging thrust, which is supported by high seismic velocity and crustal thickening, respectively. It may represent a collision zone at about 1.0 Ga between India and East Antarctica. Paired gravity anomalies in the central part of Sri Lanka related to high density intrusives under western margin of Highland Complex and crustal thickening (40 km) along eastern margin of Highland Complex with several arc type magmatic rocks of about 1.0 Ga in Vijayan Complex towards the east may represent collision between them with W-verging thrust as in case of EGFB. The gravity high of Sri Lanka in the central part falls in line with that of EGFB, in case it is fitted in Gulf of Mannar and may represent the extension of this orogeny in Sri Lanka.     

Homogenization of Climate Data: Review and New Perspectives Using Geostatistics

The homogenization of climate data is of major importance because non-climatic factors make data unrepresentative of the actual climate variation, and thus the conclusions of climatic and hydrological studies are potentially biased. A great deal of effort has been made in the last two decades to develop procedures to identify and remove non-climatic inhomogeneities. This paper reviews the characteristics of several widely used procedures and discusses the potential advantages of geostatistical techniques. In a case study, the geostatistical simulation approach is applied to precipitation data from 66 monitoring stations located in the southern region of Portugal (1980–2001). The results from this procedure are then compared with those from three well established statistical tests: the Standard normal homogeneity test (SNHT) for a single break, the Buishand range test, and the Pettit test. Promising results from the case study open new research perspectives on the homogenization of climate time series.