中印度洋脊Edmond区热液硫化物的形成——来自铅和硫同位素的约束

位于中印度洋脊23°52’S的Edmond热液区发现于2000年,属于典型的以玄武岩为宿主的活动热液区。首次测得了Edmond热液区9件硫化物的铅同位素和6件样品的硫同位素组成,结果表明:硫化物矿石的206Pb/204Pb为17.879～17.970,207Pb/204Pb为15.433～15.550,208Pb/204Pb为37.743～38.130。Pb-Pb图解表明,Edmond热液区硫化物的铅同位素数据与中印度洋脊玄武岩的铅同位素组成较一致,与印度洋沉积物和锰结壳相比具较低放射性成因铅的特征,说明硫化物中的铅主要来源于地幔(玄武岩),海水的贡献微弱。硫化物的δ34S为5.7‰～7.2‰,明显高于玄武岩的硫同位素组成(δ34S≈0‰),认为Edmond热液区硫化物中的硫除地幔的贡献外,海水中硫酸盐还原作用产生的硫的贡献可能超过30%。中印度洋脊Edmond热液区存在非常活跃的浅循环系统,可能是造成硫化物中硫同位素组成偏重的主要原因。     

凡口铅锌矿床同位素地球化学证据

对凡口铅锌矿床不同成矿阶段进行矿物包裹体温度、硫和铅同位素测定，获得成矿第Ⅰ阶段温度为300±50℃，第Ⅱ、Ⅲ阶段温度为250±50℃；并获得矿床硫化物的S同位素组成为2.1‰～26.5‰，具有δ34SPy＞δ34SSp＞δ34SGn；第Ⅰ阶段硫化物的硫同位素组成随赋存层位由老到新硫同位素有逐渐减小趋势；第Ⅱ阶段硫化物的δ34S为14.3‰～23.8‰；第Ⅲ阶段硫化物的δ34S为5.7％~15.7‰，具有从早阶段至晚阶段硫同位素组成变化范围从大至小的减小趋势。分析获得68件铅同位素数据，其中硫化物的206Pb/204Pb比值为18.023～18.847；207Pb/204Pb比值为15.700～15.820；208Pb/204Pb比值为38.056～39.796。灰岩全岩的206Pb/204Pb比值为18.230～18.860；207Pb/204Pb比值为15.640～16.000；208Pb/204Pb比值为38.714～39.960。辉绿岩的206Pb/204Pb比值为18.570～18.650；207Pb/204Pb比值为15.260～15.620；208Pb/204Pb比值为38.650～38.960。第Ⅰ阶段δ34OH2O为13.3‰~13.1‰，δD为－50.2‰～－61.5‰；第Ⅱ阶段δ18OH2O为－2.4‰～＋10.8‰，δD为－50.2‰～－63.2‰；第Ⅲ阶段δ18OH2O为－4.9‰～－14.3‰，δD为－59.0‰～－61.0‰。     

广东大宝山多金属矿床成矿物质来源同位素证据

笔者对大宝山多金属矿床矿石和脉石矿物进行铅、硫、氢和氧同位素组成测定,获得硫化物的206Pb/204Pb值为17.930～18.785;207Pb/204Pb值为15.491～15.772;208Pb/204Pb值为37.990～40.990,并组成良好的线性关系。泥盆系地层中黄铁矿的δ34S为-22.5‰～+17.9‰,矿床硫化物的δ34S为-2.4‰～+4.6‰。黄铁矿、闪锌矿和方铅矿共生矿物对,具有δ34Spy>δ34Ssp>δ34Sgn,用磁黄铁矿的硫同位素组成估算出δ34S∑S为2‰±3‰。硫化物包裹体的氢同位素在-101‰～-123‰之间,与硫化物共生石英的氧同位素为+9.3‰～+17.9‰,换算成水的氧同位素为+0.3‰～+3.9‰,表明成矿热液来源较为复杂。     

豫西栾川鱼库锌多金属矿床地质及S、Pb同位素地球化学特征

鱼库锌多金属矿床位于豫西栾川钼钨铅锌银矿集区内的鱼库—赤土店铅锌矿带的北西端。矿床赋存于新元古界栾川群三川组碳酸盐岩夹碎屑岩地层中,矿体呈似层状、透镜状产于透辉石-石榴石矽卡岩中,受矽卡岩带控制。硫化物的硫同位素组成比较稳定,δ~(34)S变化范围为2.3‰~3.9‰,平均3.2‰。硫同位素组成与区域内斑岩-矽卡岩型矿床的硫同位素组成一致,反映硫的主要来源为深部岩浆;金属硫化物样品的~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb变化范围为17.781~18.455,平均值18.043;~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb变化范围为15.502~15.590,平均值15.545;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb变化范围为38.232~38.624,平均值38.438,矿石铅同位素组成稳定,矿石铅主要来源于地幔,成矿作用与构造岩浆作用相关的热液过程关系密切。综合分析认为矿床成因应属于岩浆热液接触交代矽卡岩型矿床。     

内蒙古鸡冠山斑岩型钼矿床S、Pb同位素组成:对成矿物质来源的指示

内蒙古鸡冠山钼矿床位于中亚-蒙古巨型造山带东段,是西拉沐沦钼金属成矿带中典型的大型斑岩型钼矿床。矿床产于燕山晚期火山侵入杂岩中,矿体与岩体关系密切,矿化类型以细脉浸染状斑岩型矿化为主。在野外地质观察的基础上,本文对矿石矿物黄铁矿、辉钼矿进行了S同位素组成分析,对矿床围岩全岩及黄铁矿单矿物进行了Pb同位素组成分析。结果表明,钼矿石δ~(34)S变化范围为4. 617‰～7. 072‰,平均值为5. 653‰,离散度小,硫化物δ~(34)S值全为正值,表明矿石中S源是均一的。辉钼矿δ~(34)S变化范围为4. 617‰～5. 351‰,平均值为4. 875‰。硫同位素比值5. 653‰具花岗质岩浆硫特征,推测其硫可能主要来源于下地壳岩浆源,并有一定量的地幔物质混入。全岩的~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb和~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb分别为17. 876～19. 618、15. 519～15. 609和38. 111～40. 408,表明鸡冠山钼矿床围岩的全岩铅同位素组成均变化较大。矿石矿物黄铁矿的~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb和~(208)Pb/~(20 4)Pb分别为17. 781～17. 830、15. 523～15. 526和38. 084～38. 102,表明矿石矿物铅同位素组成变化较小。围岩全岩和矿石硫化物的铅同位素投影点均落在造山带演化线的下方,表明铅很可能源于地幔或者下地壳。     

新疆东准噶尔绿源金矿床地质特征与金成矿物质来源分析

绿源浅成低温热液型金矿床位于野马泉-琼河坝古生代岛弧带东段的琼河坝矿集区。赋矿地层为一套中酸性火山熔岩夹火山碎屑岩建造。矿体呈似层状、条带状、透镜状,多受断裂构造控制。其热液成矿作用可分为4个阶段:石英-黄铁矿阶段(S1)、石英(玉髓)-金-黄铁矿阶段(S2)、石英-金-多金属硫化物阶段(S3)、石英-碳酸盐阶段(S4)。金主要赋存于S2和S3阶段。本文对该矿床开展S、Pb同位素及硫化物稀土元素研究,拟揭示其成矿物质来源。结果表明,绿源金矿床金属硫化物的硫同位素组成比较稳定,δ34S集中于+0.2‰~+2.8‰,均值为+1.35‰,显示出岩浆硫的组成特征。矿石与围岩中硫化物的硫同位素δ34S值一致,表明硫可能来源于矿区巴塔玛依内山组火山岩地层。S2和S3阶段硫化物的铅同位素~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=16.457~18.084、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.267~15.635、208Pb/~(204)Pb=36.472~38.379,另一件长石的Pb铅同位素~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.546、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.509、208Pb/~(204)Pb=38.183,μ值介于9.11~9.58之间,ω值介于33.97~38.61之间。上述各铅同位素比值变化范围较大,远远大于正常铅同位素组成的变化范围。结合同位素组成特征及特征参数法认为绿源金矿床矿石Pb为异常Pb,铅源为混合来源,一部分来源于上地壳物质,一部分来源于地幔物质。硫化物稀土元素特征与火山岩类似,暗示成矿物质可能来源于火山岩地层。H、O同位素特征显示,绿源金矿成矿流体以大气降水为主,有少量岩浆水的加入。综合S、Pb同位素、稀土元素等分析,本文认为绿源矿区岩浆活动和成矿作用具有壳幔混合源特征,成矿物质具深源特征,主要直接来自赋矿火山岩。     

西藏加多捕勒铁铜矿床硫、铅同位素组成及成矿物质来源

加多捕勒铁铜矿床位于念青唐古拉成矿带西段。综合研究围岩、岩体与矿石的硫、铅同位素组成,发现其矿石硫化物的δ~(34)S值变化范围为-2.1‰～6.2‰,δ~(34)S_(ΣS)值为2.16‰,总体具有岩浆硫的特征。矿石硫化物的δ~(34)S值与石英闪长岩、板岩中硫化物的δ~(34)S值相近,表明矿石的硫源可能部分由板岩与石英闪长岩提供。矿石铅同位素组成比较均一,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb和~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb的变化范围分别为18.27～18.842、15.653～15.899和38.793～39.703,与冈底斯成矿带北亚带矿床矿石硫化物的铅同位素组成相近,具有上地壳铅源的特征。矿石铅同位素组成与黑云母二长花岗岩、大理岩的铅同位素组成一致,显示铅可能主要来源于黑云母二长花岗岩和大理岩。综合分析表明,加多捕勒铁铜矿床硫、铅同位素的研究显示其成矿物质可能主要来源于黑云母二长花岗岩,部分来源于中二叠统下拉组岩石,少量由石英闪长岩提供,它们为深入研究该矿床的成矿模式提供了资料。     

山东范家庄金矿床S、Pb同位素组成及对成矿物质来源的示踪

范家庄金矿床是胶东地区牟乳金成矿带新近发现的一个金矿床。通过S、Pb同位素的对比与分析,对范家庄金矿床的成矿物质来源进行了探讨和研究。研究结果表明,范家庄金矿床矿石硫化物δ~(34)S值总体为9.8‰～12.3‰,极差为2.5‰,平均值10.9‰,具有岩浆热液硫的特征,且与其伴生的中基性脉岩相近,说明范家庄金矿床的矿石硫主要来自于岩浆热液,并与其伴生的中基性脉岩具有相应的继承性。硫化物矿石铅~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=17.110～17.600,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.444～15.532,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=37.578～37.986,将数据投影到铅构造模式图上,成分点均落在地幔铅与造山带铅平均演化带之间,显示范家庄金矿床铅具有壳幔混合来源特征。硫、铅同位素反映范家庄金矿床的成矿物质来源于地壳和地幔的混合,且以地幔物质为主。     

青海德令哈蓄集银铅矿床地质与S-Pb同位素组成及其成矿学意义

蓄集矿床是宗务隆构造带内发现的重要银铅矿床。蓄集银铅矿床赋存于石炭-二叠系宗务隆群果可山组灰岩夹千枚岩地层中,矿体呈脉状、透镜状、似层状,明显受近东西走向的断裂构造控制,矿体围岩蚀变主要为硅化和绢云母化,矿石矿物主要为方铅矿和银黝铜矿,脉石矿物主要为石英,矿石具有斑杂状和网脉状构造。对该矿床开展了S-Pb同位素组成分析。硫同位素分析结果表明矿石中硫化物矿物δ~(34)S值变化于5.0‰～8.4‰之间,显示硫主要为岩浆来源,有少量地层的贡献;铅同位素分析结果表明,矿石~(206)Pb/~(204) Pb=17.896～17.922,~(207)Pb/~(204) Pb=15.589～15.617,~(208) Pb/~(204) Pb=38.072～38.166,与围岩铅同位素组成(~(206) Pb/~(204) Pb=17.94～18.976,~(207)Pb/~(204) Pb=15.600～15.696,~(208) Pb/~(204) Pb=38.106～40.943)较为相似,而与蓄集峡口闪长岩铅同位素组成(~(206) Pb/~(204) Pb=18.144～18.589,~(207)Pb/~(204) Pb=15.623～15.636,~(208)Pb/~(204) Pb=38.790～39.033)相差较大,反映成矿物质主要来自围岩地层宗务隆群果可山组。综合分析认为,蓄集银铅矿床与宗务隆构造带晚二叠世岩浆活动关系密切,应属岩浆热液为主的热液充填-交代成因类型。     

滇西北雪鸡坪斑岩铜矿S,Pb同位素组成及对成矿物质来源的示踪

雪鸡坪斑岩铜矿位于西南三江构造火成岩带义敦岛弧带,其成矿斑岩为印支期石英闪长玢岩和石英二长斑岩。研究对该矿区安山岩、矿化斑岩和矿石矿物系统进行S,Pb同位素分析结果表明:金属硫化物的δ34S值为-3.1‰～ 0.7‰,平均值为-1.1‰,与矿化斑岩的硫同位素组成(-1.4‰和-1.5‰)一致,均落入幔源硫范围,表明硫主要来自岩浆;δ34S黄铁矿(-1.8‰～ 0.7‰,平均-0.5‰)>δ34S黄铜矿(-2.2‰～0.0‰,平均-1.2‰)>δ34S方铅矿(-3.1‰～-1.3‰,平均-2.4‰),硫同位素分馏基本达到平衡。矿石矿物(208Pb/204Pb=37.917～38.230,平均值38.075;207Pb/204Pb=15.528～15.614,平均值15.571;206Pb/204Pb=17.929～18.082,平均值17.981)与矿化斑岩(208Pb/204Pb=37.832、37.883,207Pb/204Pb=15.529、15.538,206Pb/204Pb=17.906、17.910)以及安山岩(208Pb/204Pb=37.816～37.884,207Pb/204Pb=15.549～15.562,206Pb/204Pb=17.845～17.919)的初始铅组成基本一致,变化范围较小,表明三者具有相同的来源;在铅构造模式图上,所有样品铅同位素均位于造山带演化线上或附近,在铅同位素源区判别图中,均落入造山带和下地壳区域,这表明Pb主要来源于壳幔混合。雪鸡坪铜矿S,Pb同位素组成共同指示成矿物质主要来自于深部岩浆,这种岩浆可能主要起源于俯冲洋壳板片的部分熔融并受到少量地壳物质的混染。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of