T72界面与塔中隆起上奥陶统碳酸盐岩古岩溶储层

T7^2界面为上奥陶统桑塔木组泥岩与良里塔格组灰岩地震反射界面,是塔里木盆地塔中、塔北隆起上奥陶统内部的一个重要构造-层序转换面,是早古生代碳酸盐台地型沉积向陆源碎屑充填沉积转换的标志.过去普遍认为两个组之间为连续沉积,界面性质系海侵上超并赋予“淹没台地”的涵义.但随着近年塔河油田南部地区的勘探和塔中隆起区北缘Ⅰ号断裂带油气富集规律性的深入研究,表明T7^2界面是一个区域性的古暴露界面和沉积间断界面.界面之下的上奥陶统良里塔格组顶面有明显的削蚀和截切现象,残存厚度在塔北、塔中之间存在极大的差异,反映塔北隆起T7^2界面的构造及风化壳岩溶作用明显强过塔中隆起.古暴露和风化壳岩溶作用导致T7^2界面之下的良里塔格组碳酸盐岩广泛发育岩溶,是塔中低凸起北缘Ⅰ号断裂构造带的主要油气藏聚集层位;在塔河南部,形成了一套厚度最大可达300m并贯穿良里塔格组与下伏恰尔巴克组、一间房组和鹰山组的古岩溶洞穴系统,造就了塔河油田今天以南部斜坡区上奥陶统良里塔格组灰岩古岩溶洞穴系统为主要油气储层的勘探大场面.     

塔里木盆地塔中西部地区奥陶系岩溶 作用及对油气储层的制约

塔中西部地区下奥陶统—上奥陶统良里塔格组, 发育了巨厚的、多种岩性的海相碳酸盐岩地层。根据对该区钻井岩芯、测井和地质化验分析资料综合研究结果, 奥陶系存在同生岩溶、风化壳岩溶、埋藏岩溶等三种不同的岩溶作用类型。同生岩溶沿上奥陶统良里塔格组台地边缘相带分布, 大气成岩透镜体发育频繁, 但规模较小;风化壳岩溶主要分布于中奥陶世中1低隆起及塔中Ⅱ号构造带;埋藏岩溶主要存在3期, 在断裂构造带及火成岩区较为发育。岩相和沉积相、岩溶作用、构造裂缝等是奥陶系岩溶储层发育的主要控制因素, 制约了不同层段、不同部位岩溶储层发育。     

塘古坳陷构造—沉积演化及其油气勘探方向

塔里木盆地塘古坳陷历经20余年勘探而成效甚微,在新的地震与钻井资料基础上,通过地层沉积对比、构造解析重新认识塘古坳陷的形成与演化,及其对勘探方向的指示研究,结果表明：1）塘古地区存在基底古隆起,寒武系自塔中向南逐渐减薄;2）本区钻揭中-下奥陶统碳酸盐岩地层连续,不存在寒武系—中奥陶统的台槽;3）上奥陶统良里塔格组沉积期在东西两侧发育巨厚的台地边缘相带,而坳陷区相变为盆地泥岩相;4）北东向冲断构造具有分层变形特点,断裂活动始于晚奥陶世早期,冲断推覆作用主要形成于奥陶纪末。结果揭示塘古坳陷经历4期构造关键演化期：1）寒武—中奥陶世与塔中连为一体的碳酸盐岩台地发育期;2）上奥陶统良里塔格组沉积期受控东南板缘俯冲与碰撞作用的台盆形成期;3）奥陶纪末强烈沉降的挤压挠曲盆地定型期;4）志留纪—泥盆纪的构造改造期。该结果为盆地构造古地理研究与深层油气评价提供了基础,并提出了勘探新方向。     

礁滩型油气成藏要素和塔中实例浅析

礁滩复合体油气成藏分析涉及到层序单元识别、生烃过程、孔隙类型和盖层圈闭这几个要素.这些因子受控于海平面变化、沉积占地理、成岩作用和构造演化史.塔中隆起区上奥陶统良里塔格组的大型礁滩体油气藏的构成是这些因素优化组合的结果,塔中北台缘I号波折带临近满加尔凹陷的烃源岩区,,浅水台地边缘形成数期生物礁和高能滩复合体,也是良里塔...     

新疆塔里木盆地轮古东气田良里塔格组沉积特征及其与油气关系

为探讨塔里木盆地轮古东地区上奥陶统良里塔格组礁滩体灰岩的沉积模式、储集层特征和油气富集规律,开展了新一轮气藏精细描述研究。结果表明,良里塔格组自下而上可分为瘤状灰岩段和颗粒灰岩段,沉积环境属远端变陡的无镶边缓坡型碳酸盐岩台地沉积;储集层主要发育于颗粒灰岩段,为低孔中低渗层状裂缝-孔洞型储集层,储集层的发育主要受岩性、岩溶风化壳及断裂的控制;油气以垂向断裂与礁滩体储集层为纵横向输导体系,主要分布于主干断裂及多期断裂交汇部位的断裂破碎带附近。     

塔里木盆地塔中地区上奥陶统近环带状台地边缘相带特征及勘探前景

发现塔里木盆地塔中地区上奥陶统良里塔格组的台地边缘相带环绕卡塔克隆起呈近环带状发育,晚奥陶世晚期台地边缘相带具有向中央断垒带迁移的特征,北部环带较南部迁移的更为迅速。台地边缘相带可分为4种不同古地貌沉积类型,在古地形、古构造、水体能量的差异控制下,其上沉积微相和礁滩复合体的发育特征不同,礁滩复合体的储层发育受后期成岩作用与构造破裂作用控制,具有强烈的非均质性。     

塔中Ⅰ号坡折带奥陶系礁滩复合体发育动力学及其控储机制

塔中Ⅰ号坡折带上奥陶统良里塔格组发现了我国珊瑚-层孔虫造礁群落最早的礁体,在生态演替上具承先启后重要特征,并伴随着发育了多套礁滩相储集体。充分利用古地理、古地磁,同位素、微量元素,包裹体,岩心物性分析等数据,分析了塔里木板块奥陶纪成礁环境,特别是从构造地质学、碳酸盐岩地质学、层序地层学、古生态学、古生物学出发,剖析了塔中隆起碳酸盐岩台地演化的阶段性、海平面变化的周期性,以及奥陶纪造礁生物生态群落的演替及生物生长性,分别建立了良里塔格组各个时期礁滩复合体发育的模式,深入解析了礁滩复合体多期生长发育的动力学特征。塔中良里塔格组3期叠加发育的礁体生长与台地演化的构造阶段性密切相关,同时控制了礁滩复合体微相类型上的多样性和分异性。礁滩复合体地貌隆起和高频海平面变化所导致的暴露,以及准同生期大气淡水淋滤、溶蚀作用是控制台缘礁滩体优质储层发育的动力学基础,经后期埋藏过程中所经历的表生岩溶作用、埋藏期热水岩溶作用以及断层相关岩溶等是该礁滩复合体储层物性改良主控因素。集中揭示了塔中奥陶纪礁滩复合体发育演替几何学、动力学机制及礁滩储集体控储机制,有效指导了塔中古隆起奥陶系生物礁油气规模效益开发,对于类似油气田勘探与学科发展具有积极意义。     

塔河油田浅覆盖区中—下奥陶统承压岩溶缝洞结构特征——以T738井区为例

塔河油田浅覆盖区中—下奥陶统岩溶缝洞体发育,油气开发效果较好。受上奥陶统良里塔格组和隔水层的围限,浅覆盖区中—下奥陶统缝洞体的岩溶发育特征不同于受排泄基准面控制的裸露型岩溶和岩溶水深循环的埋藏型岩溶。为了明确塔河油田浅覆盖区T738井区中—下奥陶统的洞穴成因机理和岩溶缝洞结构,利用“残厚趋势组合法”恢复了海西早期浅覆盖区的古地貌、古水系,综合测井、地震等手段识别了隔水层、岩溶洞穴层,结合油藏动态生产特征构建了浅覆盖区承压岩溶条件下的缝洞结构模式。结果表明：(1)海西早期古地貌总体北东高、南西低,发育北东—南西走向浅切割型树枝状地表水系,北部裸露区提供高水力梯度、高流量的岩溶水补给;(2)T738井区处于半开放式承压岩溶环境,中—下奥陶统发育3套隔水层围限下的2套迷宫型岩溶缝洞系统;(3)受隔水层、水动力梯度、走滑断裂等因素影响,一间房组、鹰山组上段洞穴层具有纵向水动力联系,发育侧向-上升型、孤立型、侧向型和盲端型等4类承压岩溶缝洞结构。研究成果对塔河油田浅覆盖区T738井区的缝洞型油藏开发有重要地质指导意义。     

塔中古溶洞见证晚奥陶世抬升幅度

塔中隆起区上奥陶统良里塔格组灰岩与桑塔木组砂—粉砂岩之间为不整合接触,昭示着这两个组沉积期之间存在一次历时约百万年的区域性构造抬升事件。中古31井良里塔格组三段的4 125.6～4 133.9 m井段为垮塌型溶洞沉积,洞顶距良里塔格组二段顶部190.6 m,溶洞中角砾状充填物主要来自良里塔格组洞壁本身的礁相灰岩,且见数厘米厚的暗河流水沉积纹层,未发现源于其它时代的颗粒混杂其间。这一事实指证了溶洞的形成和充填时代均为良里塔格组沉积之后、桑塔木组覆盖之前的晚奥陶世凯迪中期。具溶蚀力的淡水潜流带的深度一般不低于周围的海平面,由此可推断出该井区这次抬升出海平面之上的高度,即使忽略良里塔格组顶部可能经地表剥蚀的良里塔格组一段,抬升出水面部分至少也应该有190 m,藉生态地层学恢复洞壁礁灰岩沉积时的海水深度约为30 m±,因此总抬升幅度至少能达到220 m。     

塔北奥陶系碳酸盐岩沉积演化特征及台地发育模式

通过对塔北奥陶系碳酸盐岩沉积相类型、相带区域组合及分布特征的研究,根据岩石特征、沉积结构和相序特征的分析,建立了塔北奥陶系碳酸盐岩的沉积演化模式。研究认为塔北下奥陶统蓬莱坝组、中下奥陶统鹰山组、中奥陶统一间房组和上奥陶统吐木休克组沉积相横向分布较稳定。蓬莱坝组、鹰山组鹰四段、鹰三段为局限台地相;鹰二段为半局限台地相;鹰一段和一间房组属于开阔台地相,但向上水体不断变浅,一间房组沉积时期开始出现点礁;上奥陶统吐木休克组沉积时期区域整体沉降,为沉没台地-斜坡-盆地沉积。上奥陶统良里塔格组沉积时期盆地整体抬升,区域沉积厚度和沉积相出现较大变化,早中期发育碳酸盐开阔台地相,后期为典型的台地边缘相。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.