稀疏场景目标的距离像峰值聚类分割成像方法

针对海面舰船等具有一定空间稀疏性的合成孔径雷达成像场景,提出了一种稀疏场景目标的距离像峰值聚类分割成像方法。首先采用小波降噪算法对SAR原始回波数据进行预处理,通过距离压缩和距离徙动校正获得不同观测位置的距离像,利用基于二阶差分算子的快速峰值检测算法检测距离像峰值点,对峰值检测结果距离维聚类后方位向成像,实现了距离向能量区间稀疏目标的分割成像;对峰值检测结果距离-方位二维聚类后方位向成像,实现了距离向能量区间与方位向合成孔径时间无耦合稀疏目标的分割成像。仿真结果表明,对海面舰船等具有空间稀疏性的成像场景,所提方法能够实现目标的有效分割成像,不仅在完整保留目标回波信息的同时大幅度地降低了方位向压缩的运算量,而且分割成像结果更有利于目标的快速识别。     

卫星姿态误差对多通道SAR成像质量的影响

多通道SAR系统克服了传统成像模式中最小天线面积条件的限制,可以同时实现高分辨率、宽测绘带SAR成像.然而,多通道SAR系统方位向信号存在非均匀采样的现象,进而造成SAR图像虚假目标的出现.因此,方位向非均匀采样信号的重构对成像质量具有至关重要的影响.卫星姿态误差会导致方位向非均匀采样信号的重构出现偏差,大大降低了图像质量.本文通过建立一发八收星载SAR回波信号模型,推导出方位向信号非均匀采样所引起的虚假目标的位置和强度的计算公式,并分析了在不同视角下偏航、俯仰、横滚3个方向的姿态误差对成像质量产生的影响.     

利用全极化SAR数据去方位向模糊的舰船目标检测方法

在SAR成像过程中,利用目标相对于雷达运动的多普勒频率进行方位向压缩来提高方位向分辨率。对于海面舰船目标,往往由于SAR发射的脉冲重复频率过低,回波信号的多普勒频率欠采样,引起高亮度的方位向模糊噪声,产生虚假目标。若直接利用传统CFAR、子孔径相干等目标检测算法,会把方位向模糊引起的虚假目标误判为舰船目标,降低了舰船目标的检测精度。针对SAR影像方位向模糊现象,提出一种利用全极化SAR数据的舰船目标检测算法,其利用H-A-Alpha分解得到的第三散射机制,结合方位向全极化子孔径相干,消除了方位向模糊噪声对舰船目标检测的影响,提高了舰船目标的目标杂波比。通过采用日本玉野Kojimawan港口附近的C波段AIRSAR全极化数据进行试验,验证了该算法能消除SAR方位向模糊,降低虚警率,提高舰船目标的检测精度。     

压缩感知在传感器网络变形监测中的应用

在无线传感器网络变形监测中,数据压缩具有重要意义,压缩感知的非对称压缩与重构特点适合资源有限的传感器网络。在介绍压缩感知理论的基础上,结合实际数据分析了原始信号的稀疏性,对压缩感知算法进行实验,并从压缩率、重构误差方面与传统压缩方法进行比较。分析表明,压缩感知理论在这两方面不如传统压缩方法,但能以较低的采样率进行采样,并较为准确地重构出原始信号,在高频信号的采样压缩方面有明显优势。     

星载ScanSAR成像研究

分析扫描模式合成孔径雷达不同于传统合成孔径雷达回波的时，频域特点。通过对不同成像方法及加拿大RadarSAT扫描模式雷达实际回波数据的理解，根据扫描模式雷达回波的特点，实现了全孔径RD算法，快速SPECAN算法和Chirp Scaling算法几种适合于扫描模式雷达波成像的算法，并在算法实现过程中结合实际数据讨论了抑制点目标回波旁瓣，实现快速距离走动校正，减弱Scalloping效应，抑制方位向重影，准确估计多普勒中心频率等问题，针对这些问题提出了一些新方法并通过模拟或实际数据成像进行了验证。     

冲击型探地雷达回波信号的等效采样方法研究

提出了一种基于等效时间采样方法的冲击型探地雷达回波信号高速采样系统，设计实现了等效时间采样的关键电路，包括步进采样脉冲发生器、采样门电路。实验证明了使用该方法采样回波信号的有效性。     

极化SAR图像中非平稳目标的检测与区分方法研究

在合成孔径雷达(SAR)极化测量中,通常认为雷达视角相对于目标是不变的。然而实际上SAR通常具有较宽的方位向波束,在孔径合成过程中,所成的全分辨率SAR图像包含多个斜视角下的目标回波。极化参数的子孔径分析可以用来对成像过程表现出非平稳散射行为的媒质进行检测。本文提出了一套基于子孔径分解和对散射矩阵及参数进行统计分析的方法,来检测两类非平稳目标。仿真结果表明,这种方法具有较好的非平稳目标检测和区分性能。     

基于压缩感知的地磁数据分频压缩与重构方法

构建高精度导航所用的地磁数据库时,需要对大量数据进行压缩。为保留必要的高频细节特征信息,提出一种基于压缩感知理论的数据分频压缩及联合重构方法。在余弦变换频域中对数据进行分频压缩编码,在数据重构算法中引入压缩感知理论。利用局部余弦变换系数作为线性测量观测值,通过解决小波变换域l1范数和时域稀疏梯度全变差正则化的模型,精确重构原始数据高频信息。利用实测地磁数据进行仿真试验的结果表明,仅使用25%的分频压缩采样测量系数,可精确重构原始数据;在相同压缩比下,分频压缩感知重构算法与传统滤波逆变换方法相比具有更高的精度,且峰值信噪比最大可提高5dB左右。     

基于压缩感知的地磁数据分频压缩与重构方法EI北大核心CSCD

构建高精度导航所用的地磁数据库时,需要对大量数据进行压缩。为保留必要的高频细节特征信息,提出一种基于压缩感知理论的数据分频压缩及联合重构方法。在余弦变换频域中对数据进行分频压缩编码,在数据重构算法中引入压缩感知理论。利用局部余弦变换系数作为线性测量观测值,通过解决小波变换域l1范数和时域稀疏梯度全变差正则化的模型,精确重构原始数据高频信息。利用实测地磁数据进行仿真试验的结果表明,仅使用25%的分频压缩采样测量系数,可精确重构原始数据;在相同压缩比下,分频压缩感知重构算法与传统滤波逆变换方法相比具有更高的精度,且峰值信噪比最大可提高5dB左右。     

Tetrolet域利用时空相关性的云图压缩感知重建

针对卫星云图数据量大,但传输通道和存储空间相对狭小的问题,本文基于Tetrolet变换,利用相邻时次云图的时空相关性,实现了一种高重构质量的卫星云图压缩感知方法。该方法将善于表达图像方向纹理及边缘信息的Tetrolet变换引入压缩感知的稀疏表示环节,从而很好地体现了卫星云图细节丰富、纹理结构复杂的特性;同时,考虑到卫星云图序列间的相关性,将时间相邻的卫星云图组成图像组,以中间时刻云图作为参考图像,计算其与相邻时次云图的差异,通过在参考图片及序列差异图片间合理分配采样率,获取测量数据,在压缩感知框架下,采用带平滑处理的投影Landweber算法,重构出相邻时次的图像组。实验结果表明,Tetrolet变换适用于卫星云图的稀疏表示,而且图像组时空相关性的利用可显著提高重构云图的视觉效果及客观评价指标;在采样率低于0.2时,红外1、水汽和可见光3个通道重构云图的峰值信噪比(PSNR)较传统方法平均提高了7.48 dB,13.51 dB和6.15 dB。由此可见,本文方法可以通过获取少数随机测量值,重构出高质量的卫星云图,不仅为云图数据的低比特率压缩提供了一种可行的解决方案,而且对于其他序列图像的压缩采样具有借鉴意义。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。