地下夹塞断面形状随机性对平面SH波散射的影响

采用波函数展开法及边界离散的方法给出了任意断面形状的地下夹塞对平面SH波散射的半解析解; 利用蒙特卡罗方法随机模拟产生了30组夹塞断面样本, 通过对该样本在平面SH波入射下地表位移幅值的统计分析, 研究了夹塞断面形状随机性对平面SH波散射的影响. 结果表明, 夹塞断面形状随机性对平面SH波的散射具有重要影响. 以圆形夹塞为例, 当断面半径的变异系数为0.1时, 地表位移响应幅值变异系数可达0.71. 随着入射频率的升高, 变异系数逐渐增大; 随着夹塞刚度的降低, 变异系数逐渐增大; 随着夹塞埋深的增加, 变异系数逐渐减小.      

地下透镜体断面形状随机性对地表动力响应极值的影响

采用波函数展开法及边界离散的方法给出任意断面形状的地下透镜体对平面SH波散射的半解析解,利用蒙特卡罗方法随机模拟产生30组透镜体断面样本,通过对30组具有同一统计特征的任意断面地下透镜体在平面SH波入射下地表动力响应极值的统计分析并与相应椭圆透镜体解答比较,研究透镜体断面形状随机性对平面SH波散射的影响。研究表明,透镜体断面形状随机性对地表动力响应极值具有重要影响。以长短轴比为4的椭圆形透镜体为例,当断面矢径的变异系数为0.1时,样本地表位移响应极值的最大值远大于对应椭圆透镜体解的极值,平均可达47.46%。且增加幅度随着透镜体介质与半空间介质波速差距增大而增大。透镜体埋深越小,增加幅度越大。     

P波入射引起的水下输水隧洞地震响应研究

研究输水隧洞的地震响应问题对引水工程的抗震设计和施工是必要的。采用波动解法,得到了P波入射时水下输水隧洞平面地震响应的解析解。通过对场地模型的分析,给出了水下场地-隧洞衬砌-隧洞内水体体系的地震响应。并着重讨论了P波入射时隧洞埋深和地表水深对衬砌结构动力响应的影响。研究表明,P波入射引起的水下输水隧洞地震响应随着地表水深的增大而增大;低频P波入射时,随着隧洞埋深的增大,隧洞衬砌的动应力逐渐增大,动位移则逐渐减小,而高频P波入射时,隧洞衬砌的动力响应随着隧洞埋深的增大而呈波动式变化。     

圆弧状凹陷地形对平面SV波散射问题的宽频带解析解

利用波函数的Fourier-Bessel级数展开法,推导了具有不同深宽比的圆弧状凹陷地形对入射平面SV波二维散射问题的解析解。区别于现有其他解析解,利用柱函数的渐近性质,使得散射波的待定系数得以直接确定,避免了线性方程组的求解以及相应的高频波入射下的数值计算问题,从而拓展了解析解适用的频带范围。通过与已有解析解的比较论证了该解析解的正确性,并在一个较宽的频带范围内研究了圆弧状凹陷地形对入射平面SV波的散射效应。     

圆弧形凹陷地形表面覆盖层对入射平面SV波的影响

利用Fourier Bessel级数展开法，给出了表面具有覆盖层的圆弧形凹陷地形对入射平面SV波散射问题的一个解析解，并利用该解分析了不同深宽比凹陷地形表面覆盖层刚度和厚度对入射SV波的影响．结果表明，凹陷地形表面覆盖层的存在，即使厚度很薄，也会显著增加对入射SV波的放大作用，该放大作用可达到单一凹陷地形的2.5倍以上．覆盖层刚度和厚度的变化对入射平面SV波也具有很大影响．      

圆弧状多层沉积谷地在平面SV波入射下的动力响应

利用波函数的Fourier-Bessel级数展开法,推导出了含任意多个圆弧状沉积层的谷地在平面SV波入射下稳态动力响应的解析解,并分析了该级数形式的解析解随着截断项数的收敛问题.其结果表明,该级数解能够在一个非常宽的频带范围内收敛;通过在简化条件下与现有其他解析解的比较,验证了该解析解的正确性;并利用该解析解,以稳态地面运动的位移幅值和相位差为基本参数,在一个较宽的频带范围内讨论了谷地中沉积介质的成层性对地面运动的影响,其结果表明对于多层谷地而言,当入射波频率较高时,散射波之间的干涉显著并且出现了能量聚焦现象.     

弹性层状半空间中无限长洞室对斜入射平面SH波的三维散射(Ⅱ)——数值结果与分析

以基岩上单-土层场地为例,计算分析了在斜入射平面SH波作用下弹性层状半空间中无限长洞室附近的地表位移.研究表明,层状半空间中地下洞室对波的散射与均匀半空间情况存在显著差别.层状场地由于考虑了场地自身的动力特性,使得洞室附近地表位移幅值的空间变化更为复杂,基岩与土层刚度比、土层厚度对散射效应均有着重要影响.随着基岩与土层刚度比的增大,地表位移幅值整体上逐渐增大;随着土层厚度的增大,土层对地表位移幅值的影响逐渐减小.在频域解答的基础上,给出了层状半空间中洞室对斜入射SH波散射的时域解答,并以Ricker波为例进行了数值计算.     

弹性层状半空间中无限长洞室对斜入射 平面SH波的三维散射(Ⅱ) 数值结果与分析

以基岩上单一土层场地为例, 计算分析了在斜入射平面SH波作用下弹性层状半空间中无限长洞室附近的地表位移. 研究表明, 层状半空间中地下洞室对波的散射与均匀半空间情况存在显著差别. 层状场地由于考虑了场地自身的动力特性, 使得洞室附近地表位移幅值的空间变化更为复杂, 基岩与土层刚度比、 土层厚度对散射效应均有着重要影响. 随着基岩与土层刚度比的增大, 地表位移幅值整体上逐渐增大; 随着土层厚度的增大, 土层对地表位移幅值的影响逐渐减小. 在频域解答的基础上, 给出了层状半空间中洞室对斜入射SH波散射的时域解答, 并以Ricker波为例进行了数值计算.      

地震P波斜入射下入射角度对海底沉管隧道结构动力响应的影响

基于粘弹性人工边界条件理论,将地震动输入转化为作用于人工边界的等效荷载来实现波动的输入,利用有限元软件ADINA建立了海水-沉管隧道-海床的整体分析模型,在模型的海水与海床的交界面处设置流固耦合边界来考虑海水与海床的流固耦合动力反应,分析了地震P波斜入射作用下,不同入射角度对沉管隧道结构的动力响应的影响。结果表明:地震动的入射角度对海底沉管隧道结构的动力反应影响很大,而且入射角在某个范围内,水平向和竖向地震响应有着不同的影响程度;随着入射角度不断增大,结构在竖向的动力响应明显减小,而在水平向的动力响应是先增大后减小。因此,对海底沉管隧道进行抗震设计分析时,应该考虑地震动斜入射对结构动力响应的影响。     

圆弧形凹陷在SH波入射下瞬态反应的解析解

针对现有地震波散射问题的解析解均在频域内给出,其适用的频带较窄,不能获取到可靠的瞬态反应解析解的问题,本文利用宽频带频域解析解进一步获取了不同空间点地震反应的宽频带频响函数,并基于傅里叶变换得出SH波入射下圆弧形凹陷地形瞬态动力响应的解析解.以上述为基础,研究了输入脉冲与实际地震动时凹陷的瞬态反应的基本特征,并重点分析...     

A note on the weight and the gravitational torque of a subducting slab

An analytic model to evaluate the magnitudes of gravitational torques acting on subducting plates has been developed. Contrary to a previous notion that gravitational torques have no angular dependence except through the moment arms, they are found to possess a maximum magnitude when a slab is dipping between 15°–45° depending on subduction velocity and slab length, and they will become small and vanish when slab dips become either horizontal or vertical. This new result does not significantly affect the qualitative arguments for the origin of slab-dip angles proposed by previous investigators, however, because of the dominance of the dynamic pressure torque at small dip angles where most of the differences occur.     

SPRR-300热中子层析照相初步实验研究

热中子照相技术在检测含氢材料、重金属等样品方面是X射线等其他无损检测技术的有益补充,热中子层析照相技术研究在国内尚是空白.利用SPRR-300基于CCD的热中子数字照相装置、带孔铝圆柱为实验样品,采集了样品某截面36×552组投影实验数据,在对数据进行预处理前后,采用滤波反投影方法重建了断面图像.重建图像揭示了样品的基本结构,验证了利用SPRR-300热中子数字照相装置进行热中子层析照相技术研究和装置研发是可行的,为下一步工作奠定了基础.     

一种基于二元回归的时深转换新方法

南堡凹陷C油田沙河街组发育一套披覆在潜山之上的生屑云岩储层,为该油田的主力含油层系,生屑云岩分布不稳定,横向变化较大,先期钻探的5口探井有2口落空。基于周边油田分析,古地貌是生屑云岩储层分布的主要因素。受上覆火成岩的影响,该油藏速度横向变化剧烈,古地貌恢复困难,使预测储层分布范围困难较大。考虑到速度横向变化的影响,利用传统的时深转换方法难以准确地计算构造深度进而恢复古地貌。本文从多口已钻井的时深关系精细对比分析出发,明确了该区的速度影响因素主要有压实效应和火成岩厚度,同时基于对传统时深转换方法的适用性分析,提出了一种基于二元回归的时深转换新方法。实际资料应用表明,利用该方法计算的构造深度与实钻结果吻合较好,能够有效恢复古地貌和预测生屑云岩的分布,该时深转换方法对于速度横向变化剧烈的地区有较好的推广应用价值。      

Nuclide analyses of rare earth elements of the Oklo uranium ore samples: a new method to estimate the neutron fluence

Isotopic ratios and abundances of all REE in two Oklo ore samples have been measured. We have succeeded in developing a new method to estimate the neutron fluence, the conversion factor of uranium and the average neutron energy (or temperature) based on Gd and U isotopic ratios. This new calculation is found to be useful in evaluating those parameters for the natural nuclear reactors at Oklo. Comparison is made between the neutron fluence values evaluated by our new method employing Gd isotopes and a previous one [11] employing Sm and Nd isotopes. The relative agreement becomes better with the increase of fluence. A relationship between the abundances of fissiongenic nuclides of La, Ce, Nd, Sm, and Gd and their mass numbers is also presented.     

A Review of Research and Development of Wind Energy in Turkey

During the end of the 20^th and the beginning of the 21^st centuries, interest has risen in new and renewable energy sources, and especially wind energy for electricity generation. In a short time, wind energy has been welcomed by society, industry and politicians as a clean, practical, economical and environmentally friendly alternative to existing fossil fuels. As a result of extensive studies on this topic, wind energy has recently been applied in various industries, and has started to compete with other energy resources. Wind energy applications and turbine installations at different scales have increased since the beginning of this millennium. Technically installed wind turbines capacity factors have high values in most areas of Turkey. It is seen that, in general, the modeling of wind speed and its parameters have been studied and researched rather than wind power technological development in Turkey. Wind investors had doubts about uncertainties in the renewable energy policies. After May 2007, an energy efficiency law was accepted and 10 years of electricity generation by renewable sources is considered as guaranteed by the Turkish government. The installed wind power has reached 131.35 MW in Turkey and it is expected that this value will be increased to 808.81 MW by the end of 2008. The dependence of strong technological and economical development on Turkey's energy needs have increased and new national or international sources have to be taken into account for the energy sector of the country. It is clear that this source gap could be filled by using the high potential of wind power, which is estimated at 58 GW. It is expected that installed wind power to supply up to 5% of electricity consumption by 2015 and for the end of 2008 this ratio will increase to 2% (it is currently ca. 1.0%). However, unexpected and unpredicted wind power applications have occurred on November 1^st, 2007 in Turkey. It has been announced that 78,000.00 MW wind power investments have been applied by the Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EMRA). This is a new era for the Turkish energy sector and there is no model for this new situation. Therefore, in this paper, wind energy in Turkey is reviewed and opened up for further discussion.     

稳定的保幅高阶广义屏地震偏移成像方法研究

以先进的波动理论为基础的波动方程保幅地震偏移成像是在给出正确位置的同时也给出真实振幅的一种特殊完善.作者从保幅单程波动方程的非稳态相移公式出发,基于反问题求解中常用的摄动理论,利用单平方根算子的渐进展开,从而推导出保幅叠前深度偏移方程的高阶广义屏形式;针对散射波场计算项对于横向变速介质的不稳定性,通过数学近似提出一个有效提高稳定性的策略,应用到波场递归外推过程中,从而得到一种稳定的保幅高阶广义屏叠前深度偏移算子.理论模型试算和实际资料处理表明,该方法不但可以更精确地使散射能量聚焦、归位,提高成像精度;而且可以输出正确反映地下反射系数的振幅信息,使AVO响应更加清晰,提高了AVO资料的分析精度.     

循环荷载作用下SMA-PSRCW结构力学性能影响因素分析

为了研究形状记忆合金(SMA)连接件对半刚接钢框架内填钢筋混凝土墙结构(PSRCW结构)受力性能的影响情况,在已有试验研究的基础上,建立了SMA-PSRCW结构的计算模型,对结构在循环荷载作用下的整体受力性能进行了数值模拟研究,考虑了配筋率、混凝土强度、内填墙厚度以及连接件布置位置和数量等因素对结构的滞回性能、骨架曲线...     

A New Approach in Coal Mine Exploration Using Cosmic Ray Muons

Muon radiography is a technique that uses cosmic ray muons to image the interior of large scale geological structures. The muon absorption in matter is the most important parameter in cosmic ray muon radiography. Cosmic ray muon radiography is similar to X-ray radiography. The main aim in this survey is the simulation of the muon radiography for exploration of mines. So, the production source, tracking, and detection of cosmic ray muons were simulated by MCNPX code. For this purpose, the input data of the source card in MCNPX code were extracted from the muon energy spectrum at sea level. In addition, the other input data such as average density and thickness of layers that were used in this code are the measured data from Pabdana (Kerman, Iran) coal mines. The average thickness and density of these layers in the coal mines are from 2 to 4 m and 1.3 gr/c³, respectively. To increase the spatial resolution, a detector was placed inside the mountain. The results indicated that using this approach, the layers with minimum thickness about 2.5 m can be identified.     

IN-SEAM SEISMIC LOVE WAVE SCATTERING MODELED BY THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD*

The dynamic finite-element method allows frequency-dependent reflection and transmission coefficients to be computed for Love waves scattered by two-dimensional inhomogeneities in coal seams. Clean faults of zero hade angle show a throw-dependent cross-over frequency in reflection spectra, and throw-dependent conversion from fundamental to first higher mode energy in transmission spectra. Oblique faults show mode conversion in reflection spectra which is relatable to the fault hade angle by simple Huygens-theory models. Thin fracture zones or dykes normal to the seam show a reflection maximum when thickness of the zone is of order one quarter of the seam wave wavelength. Published field data from two known faults and a dyke are compared with the modeling results and support the belief that broad-band seam-wave data are capable of characterizing a seam discontinuity (throw, hade angle, dyke thickness) as well as locating it. Development of such procedures will require extensions to existing field practice and processing. This research was funded in part by the National Energy Research Development and Demonstration Council of Australia. The authors thank The Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited for permission to quote from company case histories.     

用于土层地震反应计算的绘图软件包

详细地介绍了作者编制的用于对土层地震反应计算的原始数据和计算结果进行了图形 制的软件包。该软件包采用多级菜单提示，将数据组织，图形显示，高精度图形打印输出合为一体，适用于ＩＢＭ各种微机机型和兼容机，以及现有的多种针式，激光，喷墨打印机和部分绘图仪，可广泛应用于工程地震和地震工程的研究。