云南永德鱼塘寨石炭－二叠系界线剖面的生物地层学及沉积环境

云南永德鱼塘寨石炭－二叠界线剖面沉积连续、化石丰富，可作为滇西地区的代表性剖面，自石洞寺组至草坝山头组底部灰岩可划分出１６种主要的碳酸盐微相类型，分别形成于外陆架、中陆架和内陆架环境。     

晚更新世末期黄、渤海陆架沙漠化环境的形成

未次盛冰期气候寒冷，温度降低，冰川发育，海面下降，黄、渤海陆架全部出露，东海陆架的大部分也裸露成陆，并成为亚洲大陆的一部分。降低了的气温使蒙古高压得到进一步增强，经常给亚洲大陆带来冷而干的气流，吹蚀亚洲内陆，也吹蚀出露了的陆架。根据多年来在陆架地区获得的浅地层剖面仪测量记录，陆架发生沙漠化的证据有：统一海相地层的解体、大面积的混杂堆积、漫长的风蚀基面、休止角型沉积结构以及埋藏沙丘群的发现等。     

四川省北川县永利村下泥盆统甘溪组谢家湾段的研究

在野外和室内工作的基础上,结合前人研究成果,对四川龙门山区北川县下泥盆统永利村谢家湾剖面进行了岩石地层、生物地层、层序地层及年代地层的多重地层划分,认为:1)研究剖面定为甘溪组谢家湾段较为合理;2)根据化石特征自下而上建立了Euryspirifer延限带和Otospirifer富集带;3)研究剖面属于典型的Ⅱ型沉积层序,由陆架边缘体系域、海侵体系域和早期、晚期高位体系域组成;4)研究剖面应属埃姆斯阶下部的中上部分,并可与广西、贵州相当地层进行对比。     

琼东南盆地莺歌海组陆架边缘轨迹演化及主控因素

陆架边缘连接浅水陆架及深水区,其迁移轨迹动态演化可记录和反馈浅水—深水物质输送过程及样式,开展陆架边缘轨迹量化分析,对预测深水沉积体系及油气勘探意义重大。基于井—震资料并选取过研究区LS33a钻井的地震剖面,利用典型的地震同相轴接触关系在琼东南盆地上新统莺歌海组顶底及内部共计识别出5个层序界面,将莺歌海组自下而上划分为4套三级层序。依据地震反射特征量化统计琼东南盆地莺歌海组陆架边缘轨迹,识别并划分出超高角度滑塌型(50°<α<180°)、高角度上升型(5°<α<50°)和低角度上升型(0°<α<5°)等三种陆架边缘轨迹类型。琼东南盆地上新世陆架边缘迁移轨迹经历了4个演化阶段:阶段一(5.5～4.2 Ma)构造稳定且盆地北部陆架物源供给充足,该阶段陆架边缘轨迹迁移角度大多低于5°;阶段二(4.2～3.2 Ma)由于海平面迅速下降、物源供给减弱,陆架边缘滑塌致使陆架边缘轨迹迁移角度增大;阶段三(3.2～2.7 Ma)由于青藏高原隆升、气候转变(3 Ma开始南海及周边地区冬季风增强),指示物源供给增强,陆架边缘轨迹迁移角度再次减小;阶段四(2.7～1.8 ...     

东海陆架盆地伸展率和压缩率及构造跃迁

东海陆架盆地位于欧亚板块的东南缘和西太平洋活动大陆边缘,本文选取了东海陆架盆地主要凹陷的17条地震剖面,采用平衡剖面技术,计算了主要凹陷新生代不同演化阶段的伸展率和压缩率。分析表明,东海陆架盆地构造演化总体由西向东跃迁。晚白垩世至晚古新世东海陆架盆地裂陷中心在西部坳陷带,始新世东迁至东部坳陷带,上新世东迁至东海陆架盆地东侧的冲绳海槽盆地。古新世中后期东海陆架盆地西部坳陷带北侧昆山凹陷反转;中新世东部坳陷带的西湖凹陷反转。东海陆架盆地西部坳陷带与东部坳陷带构造演化不同,证明了东海陆架盆地的东西分带。西部坳陷带北部的长江坳陷和南部的台北坳陷构造演化不同,东部坳陷带北部的西湖凹陷和南部的钓北凹陷构造演化不同,证明了东海陆架盆地的南北分块。     

豫西震旦系露头序地层学初步研究及其意义

运用露头层序地层学的方法，对豫西鲁山下汤和临汝罗圈震旦系剖面进行了研究，并结合区域上该地层的发育特征，初步识别出３个Ⅰ类层序．前两个层序分别与岩石地层单位黄连垛组和董家组相当，属于缓坡沉积相模式（ｒａｍｐｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｅｄｍｏｄｅｌ）；第三层序由罗圈组和东坡组组成，沉积于具陆架坡折（ｓｈｅｌｆｂｒｅａｋ）的盆地中．豫西与扬子地台震旦系层序基本可以对比     

东海陆架盆地南部中生界分布特征与油气勘探前景

在充分利用前人对东海陆架盆地中生代油气勘探成果的基础上,对最新处理的地震剖面和重磁反演剖面进行了精细解释和综合研究,结合海陆中生界对比结果认为:东海陆架盆地南部中生界分布广、厚度大,平均厚度可达6 000 m,而且具有“东厚西薄、南厚北薄”的特征。侏罗系主要分布在闽江和基隆凹陷,厚度分布稳定,w(TOC)平均值>1.0%;而白垩系在整个陆架盆地南部均有分布,具有向基隆凹陷加厚的趋势,w(TOC)平均值<1.0%。东海陆架盆地南部的基隆凹陷是下一步油气资源战略选区的首选目标,而台北低凸起很可能具有良好的油气远景。     

江西修水地区震旦系南沱组冰成岩研究

通过对江西修水地区震旦系南沱组地层、沉积相的研究，识别出5种沉积相类型：碎屑流沉积相、滑塌沉积相、冰筏海洋沉积相、陆架砂泥互层相和陆架泥岩相，重力流沉积分布在该组下部。确定其主要为一套叠加在陆架、陆坡背景沉积之上的冰成岩系。按演化自下而上可分为：先驱冰期、间冰期、主冰期及余冰期几个阶段，与邻区能很好的对应。     

南极半岛西侧不活动陆缘陆架区新生代构造变形特征及沉积演化

基于横穿南极半岛西侧不活动陆缘陆架区的多道地震剖面解释,对该地区的新生代构造变形及沉积演化进行了研究。研究表明,南极半岛西侧陆缘陆架区可以划分为四大平行于南极半岛走向的构造单元,从陆侧至海侧,分别是陆架内缘区、陆架盆地、陆架中部隆起和陆架外缘区。同时通过地震剖面不整合面识别以及结合区域演化历史,对陆架外缘区层位进行了划分,共划分出四大构造层序:俯冲碰撞前层序S4,俯冲碰撞后层序S3,上新世冰川沉积S2及全新世冰海沉积S1。基于构造单元及构造层序的划分,将南极半岛西侧不活动陆缘陆架区的构造-沉积演化分为三期:(1)中生代—始新世,菲尼克斯板块向着南极半岛俯冲,南极半岛西侧陆缘为主动大陆边缘,陆架内缘区发生火山活动,形成海底火山岩,而在陆架盆地区和陆架外缘区沉积火山碎屑岩;(2)从始新世开始,南极洲-菲尼克斯洋中脊逐步分段式地抵达南极半岛西侧大陆边缘,南极半岛西缘逐渐转变成不活动的大陆边缘,并在陆架中部发生隆起作用,使得陆架盆地内的沉积物发生变形形成向斜构造,同时在陆架外缘区沉积硅质碎屑岩;(3)上新世开始,南极半岛西缘发生大规模的冰川作用,大陆边缘的沉积主要受控于冰川作用。     

豫西震旦系露头层序地层学初步研究及…

运用露头层序地层学的方法，对豫西鲁山下汤和临罗圈震旦系剖面进行了研究，并结合区域上该地层的发育特征，初步识别出３个Ｉ类层序，前两个层序分别与岩石地层单位黄连垛组和董家组相当，属于缓坡沉积模式（ｒａｍｐｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｅｄｍｏｄｅｌ）；第三层序由罗圈组和东坡组组成，沉积于具陆架坡折（ｓｈｅｌｆｂｒｅａｋ）的盆地中，豫西与扬子地台震旦系层序基本可以对比。     

陕西镇安西口石炭系/二叠系界线剖面碳酸盐岩微相特征与沉积环境的研究

在陕西镇安西口从上石炭统逍遥阶和下杨家河阶到下二叠统上杨家河阶、范家河阶、垭口阶和隆林阶的地层剖面上,区分出10种碳酸盐岩微相类型,即含生物碎屑灰泥灰岩、生物碎屑粒泥灰岩、生物碎屑泥粒灰岩、粒泥灰岩—泥粒灰岩、粗枝藻粒泥灰岩—粗枝藻泥粒灰岩、腕足棘皮粒泥灰岩—腕足棘皮泥粒灰岩、生物碎屑颗粒灰岩、团块颗粒灰岩、核形石颗粒灰岩和含鲕粒团块颗粒灰岩。它们形成于开阔台地和台地边缘浅滩2种沉积环境,开阔台地又进一步分为较浅水的开阔台地浅滩和较深水的开阔台地滩间,台地边缘浅滩内则局部发育藻丘。在此基础上,识别出在晚石炭世逍遥期至早二叠世隆林期研究区发生过12次相对海平面波动,它们构成5次明显的相对海平面升降;最后讨论了三里冲剖面上各阶界线与海平面变化的关系。     

重庆万盛中二叠统碳酸盐岩微相研究

重庆市万盛区中二叠统碳酸盐岩分布广泛，露头发育良好，发育有10种微相类型，即灰泥石灰岩、筵粒泥灰岩、球粒生物碎屑粒泥灰岩、生物碎屑内碎屑泥粒灰岩、荷叶藻泥粒灰岩、鲕粒内碎屑泥粒岩/颗粒岩、小有孔虫泥粒灰岩、生物碎屑泥粒灰岩、绿藻颗粒灰岩和生物碎屑颗粒灰岩。综合分析表明，研究区中二叠统形成于滨岸、局限台地和开阔台地环境，据此建立了沉积相模式。     

西藏改则热那错上三叠统日干配错组碳酸盐岩岩石学特征与沉积环境*

西藏改则县热那错东沟剖面上三叠统卡尼阶至瑞替阶日干配错组沉积了厚度较大的碳酸盐岩地层,其中化石丰富。在碳酸盐岩中识别出11种主要的岩石类型：灰泥灰岩﹑含生物碎屑灰泥灰岩、生物碎屑粒泥灰岩、生物碎屑泥粒灰岩、内碎屑泥粒灰岩、内碎屑颗粒灰岩、藻颗粒灰岩、多种类型鲕粒灰岩、单一类型鲕粒灰岩、球粒泥粒灰岩和生物礁灰岩。根据岩石特征及组合类型可划分为5种沉积相：陆源碎屑滨岸相、局限台地相、开阔台地相、台地边缘浅滩相和台地边缘礁相,它们共同构成了日干配错组4个有序的海侵—海退旋回,整体显现出海侵的相序结构。     

Lithostratigraphy and standard microfacies types of the Neogene carbonates of Rabigh and Ubhur areas, Red Sea coastal plain of Saudi Arabia

The Neogene carbonate rocks have relatively small exposure relative to the siliciclastic and evaporite rocks in Rabigh and Ubhur areas, north Jeddah, Red Sea coastal plain of Saudi Arabia. The Miocene carbonates form small hills in both areas, which conformably overlie the siliciclastics, whereas the Pleistocene coral reefs form terraces facing the Red Sea in Rabigh area. The Neogene carbonates are represented by the following microfacies types: (1) dolomitic, oolitic, foraminiferal packstone; (2) sandy, dolomitic, intraclastic, foraminiferal packstone; (3) dolomitic and oolitic wackestone; (4) dolomitic, foraminiferal, intraclastic wackestone; (5) dolomitic mudstone; (6) coral boundstone; and (7) grainstone. The diagenetic processes affecting these carbonates are compaction, dissolution, aggrading neomorphism, and replacement that took place during deposition, shallow burial, and uplift. Pervasive dolomitization by the seepage reflux mechanism is responsible for the mimic replacement of the calcite of the original component of the limestone with dolomite. Sediments, biota, and lithofacies characteristics of the studied carbonate rocks of Rabigh and Ubhur areas indicate the presence of three facies zones; these are (1) FZ 5 platform margin reefs, (2) FZ 6 (platform margin sand shoals), and (3) FZ 7 platform interior-normal marine. The standard microfacies types are represented by (1) SMF 12, limestone with shell concentration; (2) SMF 15, oolitic wackestone and packstone; and (3) SMF 18, bioclastic grainstone and packstone with abundant benthic foraminifera.     

黔西南贞丰中-上三叠统竹杆坡组微相与沉积环境演化

针对中- 晚三叠世扬子台地的淹没事件,分析了黔西南贞丰挽澜中- 上三叠统竹杆坡组的微相,并讨论了其沉积环境 演变。采用Flügel 标准微相的判别方法共识别出九种微相,包括：纹层状粘结灰岩、微晶藻球粒灰岩、泥晶灰岩、含生物 碎屑泥晶灰岩、棘皮泥晶灰岩、亮晶砂屑鲕粒生物碎屑灰岩、藻团块生物碎屑泥晶灰岩、含生物碎屑泥晶灰岩-P 和泥晶灰 岩-P。九种微相的有序组合和分布位置显示它们形成于快速的潮坪-台地边缘转变过程和漫长的深水陆棚及盆地环境。海 平面变化分析显示,黔西南中- 晚三叠世竹杆坡组沉积期的海平面变化不同于扬子台地主体,无论是二级旋回还是三级旋 回都响应于全球海平面变化。     

Distribution of Chancelloriids in a Middle Cambrian Carbonate Platform Deposit, Taebaek Group, Korea

The onset of the Cambrian witnessed the diversification of “small shelly fossils (SSF)”, which affected carbonate depositional system. One of the problematic SSF, chancelloriids, are common components of the early to middle Cambrian carbonate and shale, and their contributions toward Cambrian carbonates are not yet fully understood. This study assesses distribution patterns of chancelloriid sclerites in the Cambrian Series 3 Daegi Formation based on microfacies analysis and discusses their sedimentologic implications. In the lower part of the formation, partially articulated chancelloriid sclerites occur mainly in bioclastic packstone and grainstone facies, with isolated sclerite rays in nodular packstone to grainstone facies. In the middle part of the formation, chancelloriid fragments occur only sporadically in bioclastic wackestone to packstone, bioclastic grainstone and oolitic packstone to grainstone facies, whereas boundstone facies are nearly devoid of their fragments. There are no chancelloriid fragments in the upper part of the formation, which consists of oolitic packstone to grainstone facies. Chancelloriids are interpreted to have primarily occupied platform margin shoal environments, shedding their sclerites to surrounding areas, and thus contributed as sediment producers. The distribution of Daegi chancelloriid sclerites is similar to other Cambrian examples, with the exception of common chancelloriids in Cambrian Series 2 reefs and their apparent near absence in the Daegi and other Cambrian Series 3 reefs. This disparity resulted from changes in the ecologic niche of chancelloriids after the end-Cambrian Series 2 reef crisis, coupled with an overall decline of chancelloriids in the middle Cambrian.     

Facies analysis and depositional environment of the Jurassic, Jumara Dome sediments, Kachchh, western India

The study deals with the depositional environment of Jumara Dome sediments. The Jumara Dome is an important outcrop of Bathonian to Oxfordian sediments amongst the Kachchh Mainland exposures. On the basis of facies analysis three associations have been documented, namely, G-1 consisting of low energy facies comprising of cross-bedded sandstone, massive sandstone, grey shale and thin bedded sandstone, bioclastic — lithoclastic grainstone, bioclastic — lithoclastic packstone, microbioclastic packstone/wackestone, bioturbated laminated wackestone to mudstone and pelagic lime mudstone; G-II consisting of moderate energy facies comprising of laminated sandstone and grapestone or agglutinated grainstone; G-III consisting of high energy facies comprising of interbedded gypsiferous shale and sandstone/siltstone, oolitic grainstone to conglomerate and bioclastic grainstone. The facies associations reflect an ideal shallowing upward sequence representing slope, bioclast bar, lagoon and inner shelf. Presence of wide range of facies indicates that the rocks of the studied area were deposited during the fluctuating sea level, interrupted by the storms, in the shallow marine environment.     

Facies architecture and sequence development of the Euphrates formation in western Iraq

The Euphrates formation is widely exposed in western Iraq near Al-Qaim area. It extends eastward parallel to the Euphrates River on both sides, crossing Anah, Hadetha, and Al-Baghdadi vicinities. Based on the benthic foraminiferal assemblages and microfacies features, 12 different microfacies types have been recognized into two Stratigraphic sections that are lime mudstone, wackestone, bioclastic wackestone, miliolids wackestone, alveolinids wackestone, packstone, bioclastic packstone, peloidal packstone, miliolids packstone, peneroplids packstone, rotaliids packstone, grainstone, peloidal grainstone, oolitic grainstone, and miliolids grainstone. Accordingly, the depositional environments were recognized on the basis of microfacies identification and interpretation ranging from restricted marine, shoal, to open marine environments. The exposed Euphrates succession is represented by four fourth-order cycles (A, B, C, and D); they are mostly asymmetrical showing slightly lateral variation in thickness and symmetry. These cycles represent a succession episode of sea level rises and stillstands. The nature of these cycles reflects variation in the relative sea level resulted from eustatic and tectonic subsidence. Cycle A is underlain by SB1 of Sheik Alas formation in Al-Baghdadi section and by Anah formation in Wadi Hjar section. Cycle D is overlain by SB1 of Fatha formation in Al-Baghdadi section and by conformable contact of Nfayil formation in Wadi Hjar section. According to sequence development, the study area shows low rate of subsidence and the major controlling factor that affects eustatic sea level fluctuation.     

山东省长清县中寒武统张夏组的微相组分、微相类型及沉积相分析

山东省长清县中寒武统的张夏-崮山剖面为华北地区张夏组的正层型剖面,其岩石地层、生物地层研究都较为成熟.从碳酸盐岩微相的角度,对其微相组分、微相类型和沉积环境作了进一步研究.在张夏-崮山地区的张夏组碳酸盐岩中识别出了6种微相类型:异地生物碎屑泥粒灰岩、附枝藻黏结灰岩、具再搬运鲕粒的粒泥-泥粒灰岩、含介壳及完整底栖化石的泥粒-粒泥灰岩、放射状鲕粒泥粒-粒泥灰岩和同心圆状鲕粒颗粒灰岩.微相类型的垂向叠覆及野外露头观察指示了5种沉积相带,自下而上分别为:局限台地鲕粒滩相、开阔台地海相、台地边缘鲕粒滩相、台地边缘藻礁相及台地边缘滩前斜坡相,表明山东省长清县张夏组为典型的镶边型碳酸盐岩台地沉积.     

Microfacies and environmental study of the lower cretaceous yamama formation in Ratawi field

The Yamama Formation is the main Lower Cretaceous (late Berriasian–Valangenian) carbonate reservoir in southern Iraq. Petrographic study from thin-section examination shows that the skeletal grains included calcareous algae from both red and green algae. Red algae is concentrated in the upper part of the Formation, and the most important of this algae species is Permocalculus ssp. Green algae is less common, and its concentration is in the middle part of the Formation. The most species found in the Yamama Formation is dasycladeans, and both small and large species of benthonic foraminifera such as Nautiloculina, Textularia, Trocholina, Pseudocyclammina, and Everticyclammina are also present. The non-skeleton grains included oolites, pellets, and micrite. Six cyclic type microfacies have been recognized for Yamama Formation in Ratawi-3 (Rt-3) and Ratawi-4 (Rt-4) Wells, namely peloidal packstone–grainstone, algal wackestone–packstone, oolitic–peloidal grainstone, bioclastic wackestone–packstone, foraminiferal wackestone, and mudstone microfacies. The latter has been divided into two submicrofacies: argillaceous lime mudstone and fossiliferous lime mudstone. The lateral extension of these microfacies has been identified by integrating the thin-section data and well logs’ character variations with similar characteristic for microfacies. The Yamama Formation was affected by five diagenetic processes, which are micritization, cementation, recrystallization, silicification, and stylolites. The Yamama Formation was deposited during a regressive period within the outer ramp, shoal, and inner ramp setting.