云南个旧卡房蚀变玄武岩金云母40Ar-39Ar同位素年龄研究及意义

云南个旧锡铜多金属矿床是世界级超大型矿床,个旧矿集区内与蚀变玄武岩有关的(似)层状铜矿床是其重要的矿床类型。该类型矿床的围岩玄武岩均发生蚀变,且蚀变强度与矿化关系密切。本文对个旧卡房矿化玄武岩中的金云母进行40Ar-39Ar同位素定年分析,得到其坪年龄为(85.49±0.63)Ma,等时线年龄为(85.62±0.42)Ma,反等时线年龄为(85.59±0.81)Ma,三者基本一致,代表了变玄武岩的蚀变年龄及同期矿化年龄,属于晚白垩世,可与个旧锡铜多金属矿床的成矿时代进行对比。     

云南个旧大白岩铜锡矿床铜锡与共伴生组分赋存状态研究

位于个旧市南部的卡房矿田大白岩铜锡矿是个旧地区重要的铜矿产出地段,共伴生锡、金、银、钨、铋等有益组分。通过光薄片鉴定、电子探针测试和人工重砂分析发现,大白岩铜锡矿铜主要赋存状态为黄铜矿,其次为银黝铜矿和黝锡矿;锡主要以锡石,黝锡矿形式存在;伴生组分钨主要为白钨矿,铋元素以辉铋矿和自然铋存在,硫主要为磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿,其次为黄铜矿等硫化物,磁黄铁矿和黄铜矿中含有微量金。     

吉林小西南岔金铜矿床的金属矿物及矿石特征。

小西南岔矿床是与燕山期花岗岩有关的斑岩矿床，以金、铜为主，伴有银、铋矿化。金属硫化物主要是黄铁矿、毒砂、磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿。金矿物是金－银系列的自然金、银金矿及金银矿。金的成色低，平均成色７２８，且变化在３０５～９９３这一较大范围内。另外，还发现了碲银矿、硫碲银铋铅矿、自然铋、赫啼铋矿、富硫铋铅矿等多种银、铋矿物。成矿早期只有微弱的铜（钼）矿化，大量金和铜富集于成矿中期（２１０～４７５℃），而银、铋矿化则出现在成矿作用晚期（１６０～２４０℃）。     

河北蔡家营铅-锌-银矿床矿物特征和金、银、铋赋存状态的研究

本矿床是燕山期的热液充填-交代脉状铅-锌-银矿床。其中伴生有综合利用伤值的金、银。金、银主要呈微粒自然金、银金矿、脆银矿、螺状硫银矿、深红银矿、黝锑银矿和自然银产出。金矿物常与辉铋铅矿、自然铋、未命名的Bi_2Te矿物相伴生,包裹于或充填于黄铁矿、铁闪锌矿、含铁闪锌矿和方铅矿的微裂隙中。银矿物通常产于方铅矿、铁闪锌矿和黄铁矿的解理或裂隙内,但不与金、铋矿物伴生。金、银矿化晚于铅、锌矿化,而金矿化相对早于银矿化。     

云南个旧老卡岩体钾长石与“玄武岩型”铜矿金云母~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar年龄及其地质意义

个旧变玄武岩系中热液型铜锡多金属矿床主要分布于老厂、卡房矿田西部。文章利用40Ar-39Ar同位素测年方法对老卡隐伏花岗岩体的钾长石、老卡矿田"玄武岩型"铜矿的金云母进行年龄测试。结果显示,老卡岩体钾长石的40Ar-39Ar同位素坪年龄为71.6±0.29 Ma;老厂和卡房"玄武岩型"铜矿蚀变矿物金云母坪年龄分别为81.99±0.85 Ma和82.46±0.85 Ma,表明其形成时代皆为晚白垩世。结合区域资料,指出个旧锡-铜多金属矿田经历了较长的岩浆-热液演化时期,"玄武岩型"铜多金属矿床与燕山晚期花岗岩浆活动相关,为晚白垩世软流圈上涌、岩石圈大规模伸展减薄的产物。     

铜陵朝山金矿床矿石特征与金的赋存状态研究

朝山金矿的主要矿石类型为含金硫铁矿石,矿石中富含铋矿物,且作为主要载金矿物,是该矿床的标型特征和重要找矿标志.矿石多呈结晶粒状结构、各种充填-交代结构,块状、浸染状、细脉状构造.金矿物以形态复杂的微粒、细粒自然金、银金矿、金银矿为主,赋存形式有晶隙金、包体金、连生金、裂隙金,载金矿物为石英、自然铋、辉铋矿、磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、毒砂等.综合分析认为:该矿床是典型的夕卡岩型独立金矿,成矿流体的不混溶是金富集成矿的主因.     

阿尔泰萨热阔布金矿床的自然铋及其与金矿化关系

萨热阔布金矿是阿尔泰山南缘金一多金属矿带中与断裂变质作用有关的石英脉一蚀变岩型金矿床。本文通过电子探针的研究,在该矿区发现较多的自然铋矿物,它与金矿化关系非常密切,产出于多金属硫化物阶段,与方铅矿、黄铜矿等共生。矿区蚀变岩和矿石的微量元素R型聚类分析表明,Bi与Au相关最密切,Au、Cu、Ag、Bi是主要的成矿元素组合。Bi异常可以作为金矿化的重要指示,自然铋矿物的出现可以作为含金石英脉富矿地段的重要标志。     

冀北(京津)地区金(银)矿控矿条件浅析

冀北（京津）地区金（银）矿的成矿主要受古隆起及长期活动的东西向深大断裂带控制.在古隆起内部及边缘发育的近东西向和北东向深断裂的交汇部位,形成了多个金（银）等多金属矿化集中区.与金（银）矿成矿关系密切的岩浆活动主要为燕山期,其次为海西期.金（银）矿化多位于岩浆作用形成的中酸性岩体附近或岩体之间.太古宙变质岩系中的“角闪质”岩石的金（银）元素背景值普遍较高,为本区的主要矿源层,角闪岩相是含金（银）的主要岩相.金矿成矿为多期、多次叠加,主要成矿时代为海西期和燕山期,其中燕山期较为重要,是区域金、银、铜、铅、锌成矿的主要时期.     

湖南柿竹园铅锌矿床伴生金,银的赋存状态研究

该矿床的金、银主要呈独立矿物存在,主要金矿物为金银矿和含金自然银,银矿物主要有11种.根据金、银的赋存状态,对该区伴生金、银的综合利用作了初步评价.     

我国首例蚀变闪长岩岩筒型金矿地质特征

金矿体赋存在闪长岩岩筒内部相和边缘相接触过渡地段环边状蚀变裂隙带中。矿体受岩筒产状控制。与金矿化有关的围岩蚀变有硅化、碳酸盐化、粘土化和赤（褐）铁矿化。矿石主要由含金蚀变闪长（斑）岩和含金风化赤（褐）铁矿化闪长（斑）岩组成。金矿物以自然金为主，成色高达９６６．７４。自然金粒度以粗一巨粒金为主，重选回收率达８５％以上。根据同位素、稀土配分模式等确定闪长岩岩筒由混合岩浆上侵演化结晶而成，成矿物质与其同源，为中－低温热液形成的金矿，其类型属于蚀变闪长岩岩筒型金矿床。     

新疆阿希金矿:古生代的低硫型浅成低温热液金矿床

新疆阿希金矿床为一形成于古生代的低硫型浅成低温热液金矿床,矿床产于伊犁—中天山板块北部中天山北缘活动大陆边缘的吐拉苏火山岩断陷盆地中。其赋矿围岩为大哈拉军山组安山质火山岩和火岩碎屑岩,矿体呈脉状产于古火山口外围的环形断裂带中,主要金属矿物有自然金、银金矿、黄铁矿、白铁矿、毒砂、赤铁矿、褐铁矿以及微量的浓红银矿、硒银矿、硫锑铜银矿、角银矿等,非金属矿物有石英、玉髓、菱铁矿、方解石、绢云母、冰长石等,围岩蚀变作用主要有硅化、绢云母化、碳酸盐化和青盘岩化。矿床以富集Au、Ag、As、Sb、Bi、Hg、Se、Te、Mo元素组合为特征,Ag/Au比值小,为0.46～11.1。氢、氧、碳、硫及稀有气体同位素组成特征显示其成矿流体主要为循环大气降水;成矿流体盐度主要为0.7%～3.1%NaCl_(eqv),平均为2.2%NaCl_(eqv);成矿温度为120～240℃,平均190℃;最大成矿深度约700 m。沸腾作用是引起成矿流体中矿质发生沉淀富集的主要成矿机制,成矿作用过程中流体处于近中性pH值的还原环境,成矿时代介于晚泥盆世晚期((363.2±5.7)Ma)到早石炭世维宪期。其一系列特征显示该矿是一个典型的、形成于古生代的低硫型浅成低温热液型金矿床。矿床得以保存与矿床形成后很快被阿恰勒河组沉积盖层覆盖有关,从上新世开始由于印度板块对欧亚板块的碰撞挤压作用,天山造山带被快速抬升遭受风化剥蚀作用使矿床重新露出地表而被发现。阿希金矿的发现对于在中、新生代以前的造山带中寻找浅成低温热液型金矿床具有重要的借鉴和指导意义。     

Age and petrogenesis of Anisian magnesian alkali basalts and their genetic association with the Kafang stratiform Cu deposit in the Gejiu supergiant tin-polymetallic district,SW China

Gejiu is geographically located near Gejiu city, SW China. It is one of the largest tin-polymetallic districts in the world and contains approximately 3 million tons (Mt) of Sn and smaller quantities of Cu, Pb, and Zn. The deposit primarily yields three different types of ore: skarn-hosted ore, basalt-hosted stratiform ore, and carbonate-hosted stratiform ore. Kafang is one of the primary ore deposits in the Gejiu district and is an unusual occurrence hosted in basaltic rocks. Genetic models of the Kafang deposit suggest that it is related either to Anisian (Lower stage of Middle Triassic) Gejiu basalts or to Cretaceous Gejiu granite. In this study, we performed zircon SIMS U–Pb dating, major and trace element analyses, and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic analyses for the Gejiu basalts and S isotopic analyses for stratiform Cu ore. Our results and previous studies are used to interpret the petrogenesis of the Gejiu basalts and the origin of the basalt-hosted stratiform Cu deposit. The SIMS zircon U–Pb analyses of the Gejiu basalts yield an age of 244.4 Ma. The trace element ratios of the Gejiu basalts are similar to those of ocean island basalt and have positive εNd(t) values (ranging from 0.6 to 2.5) and uniform (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i values (ranging from 0.70424 to 0.70488). These ratios are close to those of the Permian Emeishan flood basalt. Thus, the Gejiu basalts may represent coeval volcanisms within the plate involving remelting of the Emeishan plume head through a stress relaxation process after the main plume event. The Pb and S isotopic compositions of the Gejiu basalts and the stratiform Cu ores indicate that the source of Cu and S is primarily derived from the Gejiu basalts. However, the age of sulfide mineralization (84.2–79.6 Ma) and the age of hydrothermal alteration (85.5–81.9 Ma) are temporally consistent with the age of the Cretaceous granite emplacement (85.5–83.3 Ma). From a petrological and geochemical study, we determine that the Gejiu basalts may have been subjected to pervasive granite-related hydrothermal alteration during the emplacement of granite. These processes increase the K and Mg contents of basalt and probably caused the formation of the Cu ores. Thus, the Kafang stratiform Cu deposit can be considered as a granite-related hydrothermal deposit.     

云南个旧锡矿的玄武岩成矿

个旧锡矿产于个旧东区,是一个以锡铜为主的超大型多金属矿床,具有火山沉积成矿的某些特征。因遭受燕山期花岗岩的叠加改造,区内个旧组卡房段中玄武岩遭受强烈的变质,它又具有花岗岩热液成矿的特征。区内玄武岩的地质地球化学特征表明,印支期玄武岩中的Sn、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag和Au的质量分数大多数高于世界玄武岩平均值的若干倍;矿石硫化物的硫同位素δ³⁴S为-1.5‰~4.0‰,平均+0.207‰,在幔源硫附近;铅同位素模式年龄分为两组：第一组为180~240 Ma,反映了印支期的火山沉积成矿作用;第二组为80~140 Ma,反映了燕山期花岗岩的叠加改造成矿作用。区内印支期玄武岩为个旧锡铜多金属矿床的形成提供了主要的成矿物质,与成矿有直接联系。     

Diversity of Mineralization and Spectrum of the Gejiu Superlarge Tin-Copper Polymetallic Deposit,Yunnan,China

The Gejiu (个旧) deposit is a superlarge tin-copper polymetallic ore-forming concentration area characterized by excellent metallogenic geological settings and advantageous ore-controlling factors. The deposit displays diverse mineralization properties due to different minerals and mineral deposit types. Based on the principal metallogenic factors, metallogenic mechanisms, mineralized components, and occurrence of mineral deposits or ore bodies, the Gejiu mineral district can be divided into 2 combinations of metallogenic series, 4 metallogenic series, 8 subseries, and 27 mineral deposit types. Spatial zonality is evident. The distribution regularity of the elements in both plane and section is Be-W, Sn (Cu, Mo, Bi, Be)-Sn, Pb, Ag-Pb, Zn around a granitic intrusion. The metallogenic epoch is mainly concentrated in the late Yanshanian. During this period, large-scale metallogenic processes related to movement caused by tectonics and magmatism occurred, and a series of magmatic hydrothermal deposits formed. The ore-forming processes can be divided into 4 stages: the silicate stage, the oxide stage, the sulphide stage, and the carbonate stage. Based on the orderliness and diversity (in terms of time, space, and genesis) of the mineralization, the authors have developed a comprehensive spectrum of ore deposits in the Gejiu area. This newly proposed diversity of mineralization and the spectrum developed in this work are useful not only for interpreting the genesis of the Gejiu deposit but also for improving mineral exploration in the area, and in particular, for finding large deposits.     

湖北省罗田县陈林沟金矿床地质特征及矿床成因

陈林沟金矿床矿体呈脉状赋存于近EW向断裂构造中,矿石类型以石英脉型矿石为主,蚀变岩型矿石为次;矿化从浅部向深部出现由金矿化向金银多金属矿化转变,矿体规模逐渐变大,矿化强度逐渐变强;成矿年龄约为130 Ma±,其形成与燕山期岩浆作用具有时空和成因联系,矿床成因类型为中低温岩浆热液型金矿床。     

滇桂个旧-那坡三叠纪弧后裂谷盆地动力学与成矿序列

滇桂个旧-那坡三叠纪沉积盆地原型盆地与构造-古地理属于发育在大陆地壳之上的弧后裂谷盆地.该弧后裂谷盆地具有明显三向物源特征,一是靠近康滇和屏马古陆块附近,发育浅水碎屑岩相序,属于大陆蚀源岩区形成的沉积组合.二是云南个旧地区以中三叠统个旧组碳酸盐岩为代表的沉积组序,主体以陆缘海盆内源沉积为主,属于大陆边缘裂谷盆地热沉降形...     

Geology and genesis of Kafang Cu–Sn deposit,Gejiu district,SW China

Kafang is one of the main ore deposits in the world-class Gejiu polymetallic tin district, SW China. There are three main mineralization types in the Kafang deposit, i.e., skarn Cu–Sn ores, stratiform Cu ores hosted by basalt and stratiform Cu–Sn ores hosted by carbonate. The skarn mainly consists of garnet and pyroxene, and retrograde altered rocks. These retrograde altered rocks are superimposed on the skarn and are composed of actinolite, chlorite, epidote and phlogopite. Major ore minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, cassiterite, pyrite and scheelite. Sulfur and Pb isotopic components hint that the sources of different types of mineralization are distinctive, and indicate that the skarn ore mainly originated from granitic magma, whereas the basalt-hosted Cu ores mainly derived from basalt. Microthermometry results of fluid inclusions display a gradual change during the ore-forming process. The homogenization temperature of different types of inclusions continuously decreases from early to late mineralization stages. The salinities and freezing temperatures exhibit similar evolutionary tendencies with the T _{homogenization}, while the densities of the different types keep constant, the majority being less than 1. Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic values (δ¹⁸O and δD) of the hydrothermal fluids fall within ranges of 3.1 to 7.7‰ with an average of 6.15‰, calculated at the corresponding homogenization temperature, and − 73 and − 98‰ with an average of − 86.5‰, respectively. Microthermometry data and H–O isotopes indicate that the ore-forming fluid of the Kafang deposit is mainly derived from magma in the early stage and a mixture of meteoric and magmatic water in late stage. Molybdenite Re–Os age of the skarn type mineralization is 83.4 ± 2.1 Ma, and the stratiform ores hosted by basalt is 84.2 ± 7.3 Ma, which are consistent with the LA-ICP-MS zircon age of the Xinshan granite intrusion (83.1 ± 0.4 Ma). The evidence listed above reflects the fact that different ore styles in the Kafang deposit belong to the same mineralization system.     

西藏嘎拉勒铜金矿床金和银的赋存状态研究

班公湖-怒江成矿带是西藏重要的铜多金属成矿带。嘎拉勒铜金矿床是该成矿带中发现较晚、研究程度较低且具代表性的矽卡岩型铜金矿床,矿石有用组分中金、银的赋存状态研究相对开展的较少,限制了矿床进一步的综合开发利用。作者通过野外地质调查与采样,采用光学显微镜鉴定、扫描电镜观察和X射线能谱仪测试分析等手段和方法,对矿石成分组分做了详细的研究,重点研究了矿床中金、银的赋存状态及主要载金矿物的特征。嘎拉勒铜金矿床金矿物以自然金、银金矿为主,其次为金银矿,可见粒间金、裂隙金及相对较少的包裹金形式,主要的载金矿物为石英、白云石、方解石、金属氧化物、硫化物及自然铋等。银矿物主要以金银系列矿物形式存在,少量自然银与放射性元素共生,此外,还有少量辉银矿。研究成果填补了该矿区金、银赋存状态研究的空白,对矿床的开发、利用有着重要的指示意义。     

福建黄地金-多金属矿床地质特征

黄地金-多金属矿床严格受黄地逆冲推覆断层控制,矿脉(体)赋存于由推覆体构造带上下盘岩石所形成的碎裂岩化、糜棱岩化带中,并且金、铅、锌在空间上具有分段富集的特点.矿石为动力变质多金属硫化物蚀变岩型,主要有自形-半自形、他形粒状,包含、碎裂等结构,块状、浸染状、角砾状等构造.金属矿物主要有黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿以及银金矿和自然金,非金属矿物主要为石英和绢云母.自然金主要产于黄铁矿的晶洞中,少部分包裹于非金属矿物中.成矿作用可分为岩浆接触交代期、气-水热液矿化期和氧化期,其中气-水热液矿化期的早期石英-硫化物阶段为主成矿阶段,成矿物质主要来源于动力变质作用所形成的深部矿化热液,为沿推覆构造充填交代所形成.     

甘肃寨上金矿床构造地球化学特征

寨上金矿位于西秦岭中部岷-礼成矿带西部,所发现的三十余条金矿化脉体的空间分布及其产出特征严格受断裂和褶皱的双重控制,以扎麻树背斜为界分为南北2个成矿带,产出的已知矿脉均严格受控于NWW向断裂.通过对寨上金矿50件构造地球化学样品16种微量元素数据的聚类分析、因子分析,以及对样品元素的组合特征研究,北矿带含矿断裂的元素组合为Au,Bi,Pb,Zn;南矿带的为Au,Sb,Hg,Cu,Zn,Pb,Co,Bi,As.以已知的矿与非矿构造样品为母体,利用多元统计判别分析,建立了断裂含矿性的判别函数,并对未知的17个样品进行判别分析,其判别结果与野外验证一致.