河北阜平县石滩地村危岩体变形破坏模式及稳定性分析

石滩地危岩体自20世纪20年代开始变形以来,于2016年7月19日再次发生崩塌灾害,坡体危岩体变形具有加剧的趋势,严重威胁坡脚处石滩地村安全。基于野外调查和勘测,结合已有资料,研究了石滩地危岩体变形破坏模式及稳定性。研究结果表明:石滩地村西侧危岩体变形范围大,可划分为三个危岩体区及7个危岩体带。危岩体崩塌破坏模式表现为滑移式、倾倒式、坠落式三种类型,其中南部、中部危岩体以倾倒、坠落式破坏为主,北部危岩体以滑移式为主。天然状态下危岩体处于基本稳定状态;当遭遇强降雨或地震时,危岩体处于不稳定或欠稳定状态,易发生崩塌灾害,相比于中、北部危岩体,南部危岩体更易发生崩塌。     

三峡库区巫山县廖家坪危岩体倾倒机制数值模拟分析

廖家坪危岩体位于三峡库区长江左岸,危岩体内部发育有7层软弱岩层和2组裂隙,其变形机制为次生倾倒。采用UDEC离散元模型,对该危岩体倾倒机制进行了数值模拟。模拟结果表明,廖家坪坡体内因次生倾倒形成的拉裂破坏向坡内呈递减趋势;坡体内的倾倒块体受软弱层控制,一般不穿越软弱层,因此不会发生整体性倾倒破坏。各次级悬崖上的危岩体岩柱形成后,出现了向前倾倒翻转破坏和向后仰剧冲或蠕滑两种破坏方式。倾倒的方向与下伏软弱层破坏的关系密切,危岩体跟趾部破坏强烈则向前倾倒翻转破坏,趾部破坏强烈则向后仰剧冲或蠕滑。     

武隆县羊角场镇厚层灰岩山体大型危岩体破坏模式及成因机制研究

厚层灰岩山体在我国滇黔渝鄂湘等西南山区分布广泛,研究这类山体的破坏模式和成因机理,是对这类危岩体灾害进行风险评估和工程治理的依据,具有重要的意义。本文以重庆武隆羊角场镇区域内大型危岩体为研究对象,通过现场调查,对危岩体的发育分布特征、破坏类型和形成机制进行分析。结果表明:羊角场镇后山陡崖带上分布有大型危岩体11个,总体积约1280×104 m3;根据危岩体形态、结构面特征、变形迹象,危岩体的破坏模式可划分为视向滑动式、滑塌式、倾倒式和落石破坏式4种类型;控制研究区大型危岩体形成的主要因素有斜坡结构类型、岩性组合、岩体结构、岩溶作用和采矿活动等。     

麻柳沟危岩体的形成机制与稳定性分析

为促进危岩体的防治和"5.12"地震后的重建工作,以青川麻柳沟危岩体为例,从地质结构、地形地貌和变形特征三方面探讨危岩体的形成机制.然后通过定性的野外调查和定量的极限平衡法分析危岩体稳定性.结果表明.麻柳沟危岩体形成于压致蠕变一拉裂作用,以倾倒式破坏为主,三个危岩体中,一个欠稳定,另两个稳定.     

四川南江县三百钱沟危岩体特征及稳定性分析

三百钱沟危岩区位于县城内南江河左岸三百钱沟沟口附近,是南江县危岩崩塌地质灾害高发地带,目前三百钱沟危岩区在长约1500m范围内主要发育有13个危岩体。坠落式、倾倒式和滑移式三种类型为区内危岩的主要失稳破坏方式。本文通过危岩体稳定性进行定量计算,结合危岩体崩坏机制,提出采用主被动相结合的综合工程措施对三百钱沟的危岩体进行针对性治理。     

四川南江县三百钱沟危岩体特征及稳定性分析

三百钱沟危岩区位于县城内南江河左岸三百钱沟沟口附近,是南江县危岩崩塌地质灾害高发地带,目前三百钱沟危岩区在长约1500m范围内主要发育有13个危岩体。坠落式、倾倒式和滑移式三种类型为区内危岩的主要失稳破坏方式。本文通过危岩体稳定性进行定量计算,结合危岩体崩坏机制,提出采用主被动相结合的综合工程措施对三百钱沟的危岩体进行针对性治理。     

西藏樟木扎美拉山危岩特征与稳定性评价

扎美拉山崩塌位于西藏自治区聂拉木县樟木镇及樟木镇滑坡北侧的基岩陡壁上,对樟木镇的停车场、加油站、居民住宅和中尼公路行人与车辆的安全一直是严重威胁。在对扎美拉山崩塌进行详细现场勘察的基础上,查明了该崩塌危岩体的基本特征和分布范围。依据危岩体岩性及已有的崩塌现状,并考虑坡面不利结构面及岩体松动、破坏情况,综合分析得出该崩塌危岩体的主要变形破坏模式有坠落式、倾倒式、滑移式三种。通过对单个危岩体和岩堆进行稳定性计算,结合崩塌危岩体的运动堆积特征分析,最终提出了采用主、被动相结合的综合措施对扎美拉山的崩塌危岩体灾害进行有效治理。     

吐鲁番市葡萄沟景区崩塌地质灾害变形破坏模式研究

在对新疆吐鲁番市葡萄沟景区野外实地调查的基础上,同时结合研究区自然地理概况和地质条件的分析,以研究区内发育的29处崩塌危岩体(带)地质灾害点作为研究对象,对区内崩塌危岩体(带)地质灾害的孕灾条件、变形破坏模式以及主要影响因素等内容进行分析和评价。研究结果表明:葡萄沟景区内重要灾害点危岩体变形破坏模式主要划分为倾倒式、坠落式和滑移式等三种类型,而影响危岩体(带)的主要控制因素是卸荷裂隙和风化裂隙,主要诱发因素为暴雨、地震和人工切坡。     

农一师电力公司煤矿岩质崩塌发育特征及稳定性评价

崩塌是新疆农一师电力公司煤矿的主要地质灾害,是地层组合、地貌特征、水动力特性及地震等因素耦合的结果。根据危岩体失稳破坏的模式,可将危岩破坏模式分为滑移式破坏、倾倒式破坏和拉裂式破坏3类。农一师电力公司煤矿区内岩质崩塌破坏的主要荷载有危岩体自重、天然状态的裂隙水压力、暴雨状态的裂隙水压力和地震力,可以构成3种荷载组合。据此,运用极限平衡理论及岩体结构理论建立了岩质崩塌破坏的计算模型,并对3类变形破坏模式的稳定性进行了计算,为岩质崩塌灾害的治理提供了理论依据。     

四川省汶川县城区某斜坡危岩体破坏模式及治理

危岩体是西南地区威胁交通和居民区安全的重要隐患。特别是“5．12”地震造成了原危岩体的崩塌,同时又形成了大量新的危岩体。汶川县城区某斜坡危岩体可归纳为三种破坏模式：拉裂-滑移式、整体剪切错落式和弯折-拉裂-倾倒式。危岩体失稳后,落石将会以弹跳、滚动和滑动方式沿坡体下落。运用能量守恒定律和运动学规律来确定落石的动能、落距和弹跳高度,采取GPS2型主动防护网、RX-075型被动防护网及落石槽相结合的措施,确保213国道和居民区的安全。     

Assessment of the risk of rockfalls in Wu Gorge, Three Gorges, China

In 2007 and 2008, six big damaging rockfalls occurred at four sites in Wu Gorge, the second gorge of the Three Gorges, China. Detailed surveys and aerial-photographic interpretation identified 104 potentially dangerous rock masses. This paper reviews previous rock-mass risk ratings, examines dangerous rock-mass structure and presents a new assessment system for rockfall risk (ASRFR) in the Wu Gorge area. The ASRFR considers 15 factors: seven factors for hazard and eight factors for consequence. Relative importance weights for these factors are ascertained using an analytic hierarchy process. Using an equation to calculate the risk, the 104 dangerous rock masses were divided into three risk groups: high risk (33 sites), medium risk (33 sites) and low risk (38 sites). The ASRFR analysis can be used to divide the shipping route through the Wu Gorge into seven courses each of one of three classes: safe-route regions, yellow-alarm regions and red-alarm regions. The system provides geological information and a rockfall-risk management tool for local government and the shipment-route department.     

三峡库区白岩沟西滑坡治理工程研究

本评议在对三峡工程库区巴东县白岩沟西滑坡进行了计算和评价的基础上，提出了对白岩沟滑坡的滑体采用抗滑桩顶部施加预应力锚索的新型支挡结构，对危岩体采用预应力锚索支护的综合治理方案。结果表明，该项治理措施比使用抗滑性桩治理措施降低了造价，保证了抗滑效果。     

穿越古滑坡的浅埋偏压连拱隧道动态施工响应规律

复杂地质条件下地下工程围岩稳定性问题,一直是地质工程界备受关注的热门议题。文中针对云南思茅-小勐养高速公路曼歇4号连拱隧道的特殊复杂地质结构,通过数值模拟对穿越古滑坡的浅埋偏压连拱隧道施工过程围岩应力场、位移场和塑性区变化规律进行了数值分析,从而有效揭示出施工各阶段围岩应力集中位置和潜在塑性破坏区,不仅为隧道的安全顺利施工提供了预警信息和直接指导,同时为连拱隧道的优化设计提供可靠的理论依据。在穿越古滑坡的浅埋偏压连拱隧道施工中,应高度重视古滑坡的彻底治理和中隔墙的支护加固,从而确保整座连拱隧道的围岩稳定和安全运营。     

岩体原地承载能力评价方法初步研究

有效评价岩体的原地承载能力,对于水电工程设计和安全运行是非常重要的。结合现场实测资料对岩体的原地承载能力评价方法进行了分析研究,提出了具有明确物理意义的评价岩体在长期高水头作用下原地承载能力试验方法,对水力劈裂和单压力点压水试验的原理、方法进行了论述。从理论上讨论了岩体原地承载能力与地应力、孔隙压力的关系,探讨了岩体原地承载能力的时间效应及其影响。依据裂隙面正应力和孔隙压力的影响,给出了岩体的原地承载能力取值范围。     

Influence of tectonic structures on the Hope Slide, British Columbia, Canada

The Hope Slide, which occurred on January 9, 1965, involved an estimated 47-Mm³ of meta-volcanics and intrusive rocks. Previous workers reported the presence of tectonic structures (faults and shear zones) along the failure surface at the Hope Slide. These tectonic features were investigated in detail to assess their effects on rock-mass quality and the related implications for slope stability. This paper integrates basic field and laboratory concepts from structural and engineering geology. Subdividing the failure area into structural domains allowed distinct discontinuity sets to be associated with specific tectonic structures. The Geological Strength Index (GSI) was used to estimate the rock-mass damage related to the tectonic structures. Low GSI values were seen to outline tectonic damage zones. Point-load tests were used to characterise the compressive strength of rocks adjacent to the tectonic structures. Strength anisotropy, tentatively attributed to damage caused by a large shear zone, was observed in greenstone samples. Seepage zones along the failure surface were observed preferentially along shallow discontinuities that dipped downslope and in rock masses of good quality (GSI > 40). An alternative morphology of the slope failure is proposed by distinguishing between the extent of the surficial damage due to the rock-slope failure and the zone of failed material (depletion zone). For the first time, a kinematic mechanism for the Hope Slide is proposed, based on a preliminary 3-dimensional block model. A pre-1965 DEM was produced from estimates of material lost and gained as reported by previous workers. The pre-1965 DEM revealed that the tectonic structures recognised during fieldwork bounded the material that failed in the 1965 event.     

侵入型岩体三维可视化构模技术研究

根据侵入型岩体的空间几何特征及地质数据的特点,采用断面构模技术实现侵入型岩体三维构模。利用多条轮廓线之间的三维表面重构方法,构建侵入型岩体的表面模型。在生成体数据时使用改进的MC法,提高了构模精度,将多条轮廓线之间的表面重构问题转化为体数据中的等值面构造问题。开发了一种三维可视化构模系统,并利用该系统所提供的构模技术,实现了灵宝金矿侵入型岩体三维模型的构建。      

Structural and engineering geology of the East Gate Landslide, Purcell Mountains, British Columbia, Canada

The East Gate Landslide is a prehistoric landslide that was reactivated in January 1997. The slope failure took place in the lower greenschist metasedimentary units of the Precambrian Horsethief Creek Group. The Grizzly Creek Thrust is a regional overturned fault that coincides with the location of the headscarp of the East Gate Landslide. Four discontinuity sets were recognised from detailed engineering geological mapping of the headscarp and surrounding area. The main scarp of the section reactivated in 1997 was sub-divided into three structural domains based on its position within the landslide, lithology, and orientation of the discontinuity sets. Limit-equilibrium techniques, finite-difference (FLAC) and distinct-element (UDEC) codes were used to investigate the failure mechanism of the 1997 event. The results of the field observations and numerical models suggest that the 1997 failure involved a complex mechanism incorporating components of rock-slumping, bi-planar, and pseudo-circular failure that was controlled by both the orientation of the discontinuity sets and reduced rock-mass quality due to tectonic deformation.     

Evaluation of rock-mass state in Polish copper mines through monitoring the borehole deformations

Sensors for borehole deformation measurements in mining panel roofs, as well as a method of high-energy tremors risk evaluation, based on borehole deformation monitoring are described. There are differences in manners in which borehole deformation takes place prior to a high-energy tremor. A method for rock-mass instability detection in copper mining panels is developed and described, as well as a practical procedure for forecasting the rock-mass state. On the basis of 1351 “real time” forecasts made in the 10 copper mine panels during 5451 days and on the basis of the 55 high-energy tremors occurred, the evaluation of forecast effectiveness is presented. The mean chance value of occurrence of the high-energy tremor after a rock-mass stability forecast was evaluated as 1% and after a rock-mass instability forecast, as 20%.     

三峡库区凤城危岩稳定性评价与防治对策研究

危岩失稳是三峡库区频发的地质灾害之一。文章在研究凤城危岩所处区域的地质背景条件及危岩失稳的诱发因素基础上,分析了凤城镇危岩体的分布规律及形态特征,根据破坏模式的不同对该区危岩进行了类型划分,采用赤平投影法与极限平衡法对该区6个代表性危岩单体的稳定状况进行定性与定量分析评价,经分析判断其均处于欠稳定或不稳定状态,需进行工程治理。针对每个危岩单体的具体特征,提出了小规模清方+岩体支撑+锚固,配合地表排水及裂隙封闭的联合治理方案。     

Engineering geological characterisation of the rock masses at Tannur Dam site,South Jordan

This paper highlights the geomechanical characterisation of the rock masses exposed at the dam abutments and reservoir area at the Tannur Dam site, South Jordan. The right abutment rock masses are characterised by closely to widely spaced joints. The rock-mass qualities were assigned using the rock-mass rating (RMR) and Q-tunnelling index. Both systems assigned a poor quality for foundation rocks because of the presence of weak rocks. The rock masses constituting the dam abutments exhibit fair quality. The results of packer tests indicate that the hydraulic conductivity of the rock masses of Fuheis-Hummar-Shueib (FHS) and Wadi es Sir (A7) formations range from 10 to 150 Lugeon units (LU). The FHS was characterised by lower LU values compared with A7; this reflects the fracturing characteristics of A7. However, the A7 should be grouted especially the right abutment. However, the FHS needs less grouting because the spacing between joints seems to be tight. The estimated shear strength envelopes relevant to the rock masses of both abutments as well as the foundation rocks were quite similar and, therefore, present similar shear strength characteristics. The shear strength for jointed rock masses showed curvilinear failure planes with average cohesion values of 0.67 and 0.64 MPa and friction angles of 36.5 and 35.5° for dam abutments and the foundation area, respectively.