用于拆平台的双船协同动力定位试验研究

大型海洋结构物的退役和拆除是油气行业面临的一个巨大挑战。双船起重拆除法提供了一种低成本、高效、灵活的解决方案,该方案采用两艘具有动力定位功能的半潜运输船从平台两侧将平台上层组块托起,随后协同托举运输至第三艘半潜运输船上后转运送至陆地。在这个过程中涉及到两艘及三艘船的协同动力定位作业,这对动力定位系统的同步性具有很高要求。多船近距离协同动力定位会受到螺旋桨与螺旋桨、船体与船体及螺旋桨与船体之间的干扰,动力定位的性能会受到影响。为此开展了相应的水池模型试验研究,对复杂环境下多船协同动力定位性能进行了分析,包括定位精度、功率消耗等,并对动力定位风险点进行了深入研究,验证了双船起重拆除法的可行性,并对实际工程的施工提供一定指导意见。     

新型海上无人平台登临装置研究

本文总结了国内外海上平台登临方式,并设计了一种新型海上无人平台登临装置。这一新装置具有结构简单、占用空间小、系统可靠等优点,本文详细描述了该装置的登临和离开工作流程及控制模式,并针对不同作业阶段设置了不同的控制模式,通过设计安全性仿真实验及实验参数,确保在6级风况下,装置臂展长度需大于1.42 m,以保障人员的安全。同时,本文探讨了该装置的关键技术,如人员姿态识别、船舶运动检测与预测等,这些技术的应用有望提高作业的安全性和效率。未来,新型海上无人平台登临装置的发展趋势将集中在人工智能技术的应用,以进一步提高作业人员的安全,并实现远程操控和设备维护。这一新型智能装备将具备识别、感知和实时监测功能,以应对不断变化的海上工作环境,同时注重信息反馈,以支持后勤维修工作。     

南海西部石油公司重视海洋环保工作

中国海洋石油南海西部公司是从事海洋石油、天然气勘探开发的企业。现在该公司拥有5座海上钻井平台、12艘三用工作船和2艘从事海洋物探工程调查的专用船,以及一艘17万吨级具有海上处理和储存石油能力的浮式装置,还有能处理三维地震资料的计算中心、现代化的通讯系统以及支持海上作业的一系列配套服     

半潜式自航工程船“海洋石油278”开工建造

2010年7月19日，海洋石油工程股份有限公司、招商局重工（深圳）有限公司在深圳举行了5万吨半潜式自航工程船“海洋石油278”的开工仪式，这标志着这艘性能世界领先的半潜船提前开工建造。“海洋石油278”可以在全球无限航区航行，载重量53500t，下潜深度26．8m，是世界上第一艘拥有DP2功能的5万吨级以上的半潜式自航船，综合作业能力在国际同类船舶中处于领先地位，可以大幅提升海上平台组块的浮托安装、钻井平台的装卸与运输以及深水工程中的运输与安装作业效率。     

“大洋一号”船的动力定位系统

随着人类越来越多地涉足于海上,对船舶与海洋平台系泊方式的研究也变得日益重视。由于通常的锚泊方式在深海的应用受到很大限制,因此,不借助于锚泊系统的动力定位系统便应运而生。船舶动力定位系统在20世纪60年代开始初现雏形,在20世纪70年代后期随着计算机技术的发展以及西欧北海油田的需求而获得了长足进步与飞跃发展,至20世纪末期已进入成熟阶段。船舶动力定位系统近年在国外发展十分迅猛,在军民用特种船舶上获得了广泛应用。据不完全统计,在20世纪70年代末期,全世界装备动力定位系统的船舶与海上平台不超过30艘;到2000年底突破了1000艘;…     

一种新型半潜式深海风电安装平台总布置设计

为了满足海上风力开发的深海化、专业化、大型化的需求,解决因海上气候恶劣、有效工作时间短而导致的工作效率低的问题,吸取常规风车安装船和半潜式平台的优点,基于漂浮式基础风车设备,设计一种新型半潜式风车安装平台。充分考虑运输安装一体化的作业形式和经济性、安全性的要求对安装平台总布置、吃水、抗横倾系统、推进装置、主尺度等进行设计并提出风机运输吊装方案。总体布置方案初步满足设计思想,可实现多台风机组整体运输安装,可独立完成海上风电机组的运输、吊装和维护等工作任务,能适合深海漂浮式基础风机海上风电场建设需要。     

大型船舶碰撞引起的海洋导管架平台结构损伤分析

主要对某一海洋导管架平台结构受到大吨位起重铺管船的碰撞进行了详细的非线性数值动力模拟。采用非线性弹簧来模拟受损构件的凹陷特性，计算分析了船舶侧向撞击导管架平台结构在不同的碰撞接触时间下的构件损伤情况，与实际结构损伤的检测结果相比较，反演计算分析了船舶以不同的速度与平台发生碰撞，得到了不同的碰撞接触时间和最大撞击力，以及导管架平台结构主要节点的应力、位移时间历程曲线，可以确定受到撞击后导管架平台结构构件和管节点的损伤程度，对提出合理可行的修理加固方案提供了理论依据。     

半潜式起重平台系泊系统设计与优化研究

近年来,国内兴起了大力发展半潜式起重平台的势头,系泊系统的设计与优化是该类型平台开发中的关键问题之一。采用时域方法对半潜式起重平台系泊系统进行耦合动力分析,研究系泊系统主要参数对其动力响应特性的影响,并给出主要参数的设计优化流程,在此基础上,以能够满足安全校核且性能较优的系泊方案为目标,对该半潜式起重平台的系泊系统进行优化设计,并研究单根系泊缆发生破断对整个系泊系统的影响。结果表明:基于主要参数对系泊性能的影响规律,经优化设计得到的系泊方案,预留的安全欲度适中,能够保障半潜式起重平台在恶劣海况下的生存能力,同时具备较好的经济性。     

双体波浪能装置运动及系泊系统特性研究

波浪能是一种清洁、可再生的新型能源,波浪能发电装置在海上作业时会受到变化的风、浪、流载荷作用,需要系泊系统保证其稳性和安全性。以适用于中国南海500 m水深的振荡双浮体式波浪能发电装置为研究对象,运用频域计算与时域计算结合的方法对双浮体及其系泊系统的运动响应和动力载荷进行计算,获取极端海况与工作海况下浮体运动和系泊缆索张力的时历数据。参照BV船级社NR-493规定的海上浮式结构物系泊安全系数规范,对3种系泊方案进行安全校核和对比分析。选定其中一种系泊方案,通过改变系泊系统以及能量转换器（PTO）的参数,探究参数变化对双体波浪能装置运动响应以及系泊系统特性的影响,为类似应用于深水的双体波浪能装置系泊系统的设计提供参考。     

关于海上钻井装置使用要求的研讨

本文根据作者参加我国第一艘自行设计建造的半潜式钻井平台“勘探三号”的设计、建造、使用过程中的一些认识,讨论了钻井作业与钻井装置的总体布置、装载能力、运动性能等方面对钻井作业的影响,从使用角度提出了海上钻井装置设计中应满足的要求.文章中提供了一些“勘探三号”设计的实践资料和数据,可供有关设计研究人员讨论参考.     

多船旁靠系泊作业关键特性试验研究

旁靠带缆作业是实现海上补给、模块吊运、原油外输等运转的常用方式,针对浮式平台与两艘供应船以旁靠方式作业涉及的关键特征进行水池模型试验研究,阐述了旁靠带缆系统和护舷设备的属性和需遵循的规范衡准,深入分析旁靠系缆的张力、护舷的挤压力、船体之间的相对运动特征随有效波高和波浪入射角度等环境参数的变化规律,确定了适用于多船旁靠作业的海况条件。研究表明:波浪能量随有效波高的增大呈现非线性增大趋势,是影响旁靠作业窗口期的主要外部因素,而波浪入射角度对旁靠作业的影响程度与海况有较大关系;三船在纵荡、横荡以及艏摇方向具有明显的跟随性特点,运动响应的幅值和相位比较接近,浮式平台与供应船之间的相对运动较小,完全可满足作业要求。垂荡、横摇以及纵摇这三个波频方向,各船的运动并不同步,相对运动大,是影响多船旁靠作业窗口期的主要因素;有效波高为2.5 m的海况条件可满足多船旁靠要求。相关结论为实际的工程操作提供参考。     

Numerical simulation of water flooding into a damaged vessel’s compartment by the volume of fluid method

When a vessel is damaged, seawater floods into the damaged compartments and subsequently influences the motion of the vessel. Furthermore, the vessel’s behaviour affects the floodwater motion. In this paper, a Navier-Stokes (NS) solver with a free surface capturing technique, i.e., the volume of fluid (VOF) method, was developed to numerically simulate water flooding into a damaged vessel. To verify the developed solver, a 2-D and a 3-D dam break problems were tested. The numerical results coincide well with the experimental results and with the published numerical results. Additionally, it was used to solve the problems of linear and non-linear liquid sloshing in a hexahedral tank. The numerical results are satisfactory in comparison with the experimental results and analytical solutions. Finally, the phenomenon of water flooding into a damaged compartment of a Ro-Ro ferry was simulated numerically. The computed results are in good agreement with the experimental data.     

深水半潜式平台系泊系统动力特性研究

探讨张紧式系泊系统的基本特征,比较张紧式和悬链线式系泊半潜平台运动和动力响应特性,分析拖曳力系数变化对张紧式和悬链线式系泊动力效应的影响,以及张紧式和悬链线式系泊缆节点运动特点,从而为改善半潜平台系泊系统动力效应提供参考.     

海上油气田工程压裂作业船及装备配置技术探讨

用于海上油气田的压裂作业船具备高效性和安全性,具有优越的操控性能和良好的稳定性,配备了先进的船舶航行系统、动力定位系统和强大的动力系统.全船配备的压裂作业设备包括支撑剂存储装置,酸液和胶液存储装置,搅拌混合系统,各类液体和化学药剂添加系统,压裂作业泵系统,中央控制室以及数据采集系统,完备的质量控制体系,安全的作业管线和快速脱离装置.压裂作业船能连续施工作业,效率高,安全可靠.     

Time-domain simulation of berthing problem between FPSO and shuttle tanker in waves

A time-domain simulation method based on potential flow model has been developed to investigate the berthing problem between two floating bodies in wave. The boundary value problem is formulated with respect to an earth-fixed coordinate system because the relative positions of the two vessels continuously change during the berthing operation. The classical finite element method is used to solve the Laplace equation in the fluid domain with moving boundary. The linearized free-surface boundary conditions are integrated in time by applying 4th-order Adams–Bashforth–Moulton method. A simple re-mesh algorithm with local and global mesh systems is introduced to update mesh by considering large horizontal movement of the berthing vessel. The developed numerical method is used to investigate the berthing problem between a FPSO and shuttle tanker in waves. The focus is on the wave-induced motion response during the berthing process. The characteristics of the motion responses in berthing operation are examined with various wave frequencies, berthing speeds and wave headings.     

A comparative study of numerical simulations for fluid–structure interaction of liquid-filled tank during ship collision

Although International Maritime Organization (IMO) has taken many measures to minimize ship collisions, ships carrying liquid cargo sometimes do get struck by other vessels. The outflow of crude oil causes very serious consequences to the environment. In such cases it is necessary to analyze the response of structure of struck liquid cargo-filled tank to account for fluid–structure interaction accurately. In this paper, numerical simulation of collision between a container ship with double hull very large crude carrier (VLCC) is presented. Three different numerical simulation mothods were adopted to model fluid–structure interaction in liquid-filled cargo tank, namely arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian finite element method, Lagrangian finite element method and linear sloshing model. The numerical simulation results reveal that the fluid–structure interaction of liquid cargo-filled tank has a significant effect on the motion and structural response of the struck cargo tank. Compared with the calculation results of ALE FE method, the linear sloshing model underestimates the influence of fluid–structure interaction of liquid cargo tank while the Lagrangian–Eulerian finite element method may be considered as the practical method for engineering applications as it provided more reasonable results with a relatively low central processing unit (CPU) time.     

A finite element model for wave refraction and diffraction

A two-dimensional hybrid finite element method is developed to study the scattering of water waves by an island and to calculate wave forces and moments on offshore structures. The offshore structure, which could be either semi-submerged or fully extended in the water, is assumed to be stationary. The numerical model is based on the mild-slope equation. It can be applied to both long-wave and short-wave problems. A special treatment for the problem with the semi-submerged structure is introduced. Comparisons are given with existing analytical solutions and other numerical results. The present model is shown to be an efficient and accurate method for the solution of wave refraction and diffraction problems.     

Design of mooring system of vessels inside breakwater

A method of simulation calculation for a mooring system of vessels inside a breakwater is illustrated. Using a simulation program based on the above method, a test design for a mooring system for oil-storage vessels of total 5.6 million kiloliters was conducted.In order to obtain data for the simulation program, various experiments, such as wind tunnel tests to test wind resistance, and wave tank tests to test the waves transmitted through or over the breakwater, and the motions of vessels inside the breakwater due to waves, were conducted.Some proposals concerning design criteria and safety factors are presented.Finally, the results of the test design under estimated sea and weather conditions are shown, and the design is concluded to be both technically and economically feasible.