随时间变化的海洋平台结构系统可靠性分析

海洋平台在服役期间由于受到各种损伤,其系统可靠性将随时间而变化。本文分析了几种典型损伤——疲劳损伤、腐蚀损伤对海洋平台结构系统可靠性的影响,在考虑其对结构构件强度和承受载荷的影响情况下分析随时间而变化的海洋平台结构的系统可靠性。首先得到考虑时间因素的结构构件的强度和载荷函数,采用分枝界限法寻找结构的主要失效路径,最后以Ｄｉｔｌｅｖｓｅｎ界限法求取结构的系统失效概率。算例说明,在考虑时间因素的条件下,结构的系统可靠性将会迅速下降。按以上思路编制了空间刚架在构件强度随时间变化条件下的通用可靠性分析程序,算例表明程序是合理有效的。     

CAR模型的阶与时滞的强一致估计

研究随机线性反馈控制系统的结构辨识问题。在已知时滞的下界和模型阶的上界的假定下，通过使修改的Ｂａｙｅｓｉａｎ信息准则最小化，推导出由多输入多输出ＣＡＮ模型描述的系统的未知阶与时滞的估计算法，证明了算法是强一致收敛的，且能在有限步内达到其模型结构参数的真值。讨论了当模型的参数矩阵不满秩时减弱条件Ｈ’ｓ的强一致估计算法。     

海洋导管架平台随机响应混合分析方法

采用将结构的解析分析和数值求解方法相结合的固定式海洋平台随机响应混合求解方法，考虑波浪－结构相互作用和基于最小二乘法原理的非线性曳力的影响。采取两个步骤，第一步进行与结构有关的特征值分析；第二基于谱方程进行响应估计，进行海洋平台的线性和非线性数值分析。     

确定连续系统参数的时域方法

提出一种确定连续系统参数的时域方法。该方法利用方波输入和系统稳定性，离析出输出采样信号与结构参数的内在联系，推导出确定连续系统结构参数的算法．指出该算法与辨识方法相结合，可实现对含随机干扰的连续系统结构参数的估计．     

利用消去刚度法进行剪切型系统物理参数识别

提出了 1种能够比较准确地识别剪切型体系的结构参数 (各层质量和层间刚度 )的方法———消去刚度法。该方法从剪切型结构体系的特征值问题出发 ,利用剪切型结构系统质量矩阵和刚度矩阵的特殊形式 ,通过消去各层的刚度系数 ,得到了结构系统的各层质量比表达式。在结构总质量已知的情况下 ,仅利用系统的任意两阶模态信息就可以确定出各层质量 ,并进而计算出层间刚度 ,实现了结构物理参数的递推识别。数值模拟结果表明 ,该方法识别精度较高 ,便于工程应用 ,可以用于类似结构体系的物理参数的初步估计。     

基于多元线性回归函数的波浪荷载实验研究

在实际工程实验与研究中，根据最小二乘法估计理论，进行多元线性回归分析是一种常见的数据处理方法。大直径圆柱壳结构是近年来在港口海洋工程中出现的一种新型结构。在大直径圆柱壳结构波浪力实验的基础上，引入多元线性回归函数对作用在大直径圆柱壳结构上的波浪力及其弯矩的计算进行了分析，并尝试给出作用在该结构上的波浪荷载公式。     

多滞后区间系数非线性大系统的鲁棒镇定

研究一类多时滞非线性大系统的鲁棒镇定问题。利用大系统的分解法将多时滞非线性大系统分解后,首先讨论了无时间滞后情形关联子系统指数镇定的条件，然后考虑多时滞情形，最终给出了多时滞非线性大系统的指数镇定的充分条件；给出了区间长度范围的计算公式和时间滞后的估计公式；通过对比看出。对参数选取加权的方法是有意义的。     

浅海导管架平台结构损伤诊断试验研究

基于模型试验研究了浅海导管架平台的结构损伤诊断,采用标量型ARMA模型识别出结构的三阶模态参数,分别采用遗传算法和模态应变能法对试验模型不同模拟损伤工况进行了损伤诊断。基于遗传算法,提出了采用不同自由度一阶模态参数的损伤诊断方法。研究表明,由于海洋平台的前三阶模态分别为不同自由度的一阶模态,采用两阶或三阶模态识别损伤时,损伤杆件影响较小的自由度方向的模态参数对结构的损伤诊断将产生不利的影响,成为识别噪声。因此,可分别采用不同自由度的一阶模态进行结构损伤诊断。     

奇异摄动问题UWMCB法的非古典估计

用ＵＷＭＣＢ法对一维的对流扩散问题进行分析，指出：当以对流为主时，可得到非古典的局部收敛估计及一致收敛估计，证实ＵＷＭＣＢ法是一种精度较高的数值解方法．     

锁相波浪场入、反射波方向谱及反射系数估算

通过数模波浪和物模实验，比较分析了估算多向不规则入射波与反射波相互叠加的锁相波浪场方向分布和反射系数方向分布的改进的贝叶斯估计法MBDM和扩展的最大似然法MMLM的性能。数模试验检验了不同波浪条件、不同波浪测量系统和结构物的不同反射特性等情况下的估算结果，同时还比较了两种分析方法的计算速度和稳定性，结果显示，对于波浪的方向分布估计，MBDM优于MMLM，对于反射系数的方向分布估计以及计算速度和稳定性，MMLM优于MBDM。     

基于非期望超效率模型的辽宁沿海地区海洋生态效率测算及影响因素分析

采用基于非期望产出超效率的SBM模型测算辽宁沿海地区海洋生态效率值,结合Malmquist指数模型方法定量刻画效率动态演化特征,并通过VAR对效率的影响因素和机制进行实证检验。研究结果表明:(1)海洋生态效率整体呈现波动上升趋势且地区差异明显,盘锦市属于效率值较高城市,大连、葫芦岛市生态效率由低效率水平向高效率水平提升,营口、丹东两市效率值上升幅度相对较小,由较低效率水平向中等效率水平转变,锦州市生态效率由效率相对无效上升至较低效率水平,远远落后于其他几个城市;(2)动态分析来看,技术进步和技术效率对海洋生态效率的增长起到了促进作用,技术效率并未发挥出显著作用,技术进步变化是效率值增长的主要动力;(3)海洋产业结构对效率的扰动以正向促进为主,海洋科技水平对海洋生态效率的扰动在正负响应之间波动,环境政策规制对海洋生态效率的响应存在一定滞后期,但产生的是正向推动作用和持续效益。     

台风"艾利"对福建沙质海滩影响过程研究

通过对福建沙质海滩地形地貌现场调查,对比分析0418号台风“艾利”登陆福建前后各沙滩剖面的蚀淤变化,探讨了福建沙滩对台风“艾利”响应规律。研究结果表明,2004年8月底台风“艾利”过境期间,福建沿海砂质海岸显出了较强烈的地貌响应。沙滩剖面地形变化,冲淤相间,以冲蚀为主;后滨沙丘蚀退、滩肩蚀低、岸线向陆迁移是地貌响应的主要特征;沙滩沉积物的总收支趋于亏损。不同海岸类型的沙滩剖面对台风“艾利”的响应特征不同。岬湾型沙滩剖面地貌响应以前滨滩面侵蚀为主要特征。夷直型的长乐江田下沙剖面,对“艾利”台风的主要地貌响应特征为后滨沙丘、高潮带侵蚀,岸线后退超过16m,出现高度近1 m的直立侵蚀陡坎。沙坝-泻湖型沙滩剖面冲淤变化的主要特征是中潮带形成次一级沙坝。各沙滩的地貌风暴效应有自北往南依次减弱的趋势。     

Relationship between mn nodule abundance and other geological factors in the northeastern pacific: Application of gis and probability method

The aims of this study are 1) to construct a database using geostatistics and Geographic Information System (GIS), and 2) to derive the spatial relationships between manganese nodule abundance and other geological factors such as metal grade, slope, water depth, topography, and acoustic characteristics of the sub-bottom. Using GIS, it is possible to analyze a large amount of data efficiently, and to maximize the practical application, to increase specialization, and to enhance the accuracy of the analyses. The greater the copper and nickel grade, the higher the rating. The distribution pattern of nickel grade is similar to that of copper grade. The slopes are generally less than 3° except for seamounts and cliff areas. The rating shows no correlation with slope. The rating is highest for slopes between 2.5 and 3.5° in block N1 and between 4.0 and 4.5° in block N3. The topography is classified into five groups: seamount, hill crest, hill slant, hill base or plain, and seafloor basin or valley. The rating proves lowest for seamount and hill crest. Our results show that the rating increases with the water depth in the study area. Nodule abundance dose not show any significant relationship with the thickness of the upper transparent layer in the study area.     

自动计算热带气旋位置和范围的方法研究

本文以卫星云图的热带气旋云系为研究对象,基于Canny边缘检测、contour轮廓提取等方法,研究了通过图像的形状特征和范围大小对热带气旋云系进行自动识别,得到了较好的效果。这种方法有助于提高热带气旋云系识别的自动化程度,实现热带气旋的自动跟踪,从而为热带气旋的预报提供了便利。     

Computation of Viscous Uniform and Shear Flow over A Circular Cylinder by A Finite Element Method

The incompressible viscous uniform and shear flow past a circular cylinder is studied. The two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are solved by a finite element method. The governing equations are discretized by a weighted residual method in space. The stable three-step scheme is applied to the momentum equations in the time integration. The numerical model is firstly applied to the computation of the lid-driven cavity flow for its validation. The computed results agree well with the measured data and other numerical results. Then, it is used to simulate the viscous uniform and shear flow over a circular cylinder for Reynolds numbers from lO0 to lO00. The transient time interval before the vortex shedding occurs is shortened considerably by introduction of artificial perturbation. The computed Strouhal number, drag and lift coefficients agree well with the experimental data. The computation shows that the finite element model can be successfully applied to the viscous flow problem.     

南麂列岛海洋自然保护区浮游动物丰度和生物量的时空分布

根据2004年5月、8月、11月和2005年2月南麂列岛海洋自然保护区海域调查资料,阐述了该海域浮游动物丰度和生物量的时空分布,探讨了其与环境因子的关系,并分析了保护区建区14a后丰度和生物量的变化以及不同季节生态类群丰度的组成特点。结果表明,浮游动物丰度和生物量季节变化明显,8月丰度最高,为(267.05±100.94)ind./m3,其他依次为11月、5月和2月;5月生物量最高,为(403.64±331.41)mg/m3,其他依次为8月、11月和2月;相关性分析表明,浮游动物丰度与生物量之间存在明显的正相关,相关系数为0.763,丰度、生物量与水温呈显著的正相关;与无机氮、活性磷酸盐表现为负相关;与浮游植物细胞丰度和叶绿素a含量未表现出相关性;与1990年相比,2004年春季浮游动物丰度和生物量均有所下降,秋季变化不大;不同季节各生物类群丰度和百分比均有差异。     

Effects of tributyltin at environmental levels on monooxygenase system of digestive gland in hard clam Meretrix meretrix

The effects on ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase （EROD）, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and NADH cytochrorne b5 reductase activities of digestive gland in Meretrix meretrix exposed to tributyltin （TBT） at environmental levels （0.1,1.0,10.0 ng/dm as stannum concentration）,in experimental condition, were evaluated. The EROD, NADH cytochrorne b5 reductase activities were significantly inhibited after exposure to 10.0 ng/dm^3 TBT for 8 and 20 d, the NADPH cytochrorne c reductase activities were significantly inhibited after exposure to 0.1,1.0 and 10.0 ng/dm TBT for 8 d and to 1.0 and 10.0 ng/dm for 20 d, as compared with the matched control, while NADH cytochrorne b5 reductases and NADPH cytochrome c reductase activities were induced after exposure to 10.0 ng/dm^3 TBT for 2 d. The EROD activity in the 10 ng/dm^3 group,and the NADH cytochrome b5 reductases activities in 1.0 and 10.0 ng/dm groups, were significantly induced when transferred to clean recovery tanks for 7 d. The three enzymic activities in the clams exposed to TBT were recovered to the level corresponding to that of the control group after transfer to clean recovery tanks for 20 d. NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity in Meretrix meretrix seems to be more sensitive to exposure of TBT than that of the EROD and NADH cytochrome b5 reductases. The results suggest that induction and inhibition by TBT to the monooxygenase system enzymic activity in Meretrix meretrix would simultaneously exist. The enzymic activities were inhibited by exposure for a long time. The results suggest that inhibition of the monooxygenase system should be an indication of the exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of TBT for a long time.     

Marine and Brackish Ecosystems of South Brittany (Lorient and Vilaine Bays) with Particular Reference to the Effect of the Turbidity Maxima

The south Brittany coast of France offers considerable opportunities to study the transition between estuaries and the sea. The sea coast is semi-enclosed, due to the local geomorphology, with sheltered conditions. The infaunal macrobenthic communities have been identified and characterized by species richness (S), abundance (A) and biomass (B), related to environmental factors. The spatial succession of infauna along the estuarine gradient shows the presence of an area with a much reduced fauna, and an oligobiotic area with low values of S, A and B. In these strongly stratified estuaries, concentration of organic matter and sediment can result in oxygen depletion, which is not favourable for survival of the infauna. The oligobiotic area seems to be related to the presence of the turbidity maximum, the location and importance of which are functions of river discharge and hydrodynamic mixing. The turbidity maximum which causes these conditions is shown to be at a higher salinity than has previously been described for this phenomenon, and is shown to break the spatial gradient of marine to brackish communities which has been described in larger estuaries.     

冲绳海槽北端表层沉积物过渡元素地球化学特征

利用原子吸收和等离子发射光谱等方法,对冲绳海槽北端184个表层沉积物中的Al和过渡元素(Ti、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn和Zr)进行了化学分析。结果表明,由于受生源碎屑稀释作用的影响,过渡元素在陆架砂质区含量较低,其分布呈北西-南东向舌状延伸;由于细粒组分的增加,在陆架细粒沉积区和海槽区过渡元素含量较高。Mn主要在海槽区富集,在陆架和陆坡区变化不大。除了Mn之外,Al和其他过渡元素均呈明显正相关。Al/Ti比值与陆壳平均值接近,说明二者主要来源于陆源碎屑。Mn/Fe比值与邻近海区沉积物类似,但在陆架区CaO含量大于20%的沉积物和海槽区沉积物中相对较高,这分别是生物富集作用和自生沉积的结果。过渡元素富集因子分析结果表明,研究区过渡元素部分来自于黄河、部分来自于长江物质。