滇东南都龙Sn-Zn多金属矿床交生硫化物微区主量元素、硫同位素特征及成因研究

都龙Sn-Zn多金属矿床位于滇东南老君山锡锌钨多金属成矿区南部,是中国3大锡石硫化物矿床之一。该矿床发育闪锌矿-黄铜矿-磁黄铁矿密切共生结构,即硫化物交生结构。文章利用电子探针和LA-MC-ICP-MS对具有交生结构的闪锌矿-黄铜矿-磁黄铁矿和毒砂进行了微区主量元素和硫同位素测试,以期明确其成因及硫的来源。主量元素测试结果显示,闪锌矿中的w(Zn)为52.23%~57.22%,w(S)为33.06%~36.10%,w(Fe)为9.92%~12.24%,w(Cu)为0.11%~0.30%;黄铜矿中的w(Cu)为33.95%~35.08%,w(S)为33.49%~35.27%,w(Fe)为30.74%~31.41%,w(Zn)为0.04%~1.50%;磁黄铁矿中的w(Fe)为49.30%~51.94%,w(S)为38.36%~39.69%,w(Zn)为9.35%~11.01%,w(Cu)为0.05%~0.15%。磁黄铁矿和黄铜矿包裹体边部和核部成分均一,且投影点全部落在固溶体出溶区域,说明都龙矿床交生闪锌矿-黄铜矿-磁黄铁矿是固溶体分离成因。原位S同位素分析结果显示,闪锌矿的δ³⁴S为0.9‰~3.2‰,磁黄铁矿的δ³⁴S为0.6‰~2.1‰,毒砂的δ³⁴S为2.9‰~4.2‰,黄铜矿的δ³⁴S为0.6‰~2.8‰,均显示为岩浆来源特征。主量元素温度计估算的闪锌矿-黄铜矿的形成温度介于285~394℃,指示该矿床主要硫化物形成于中高温阶段。     

云南保山金厂河铁铜铅锌多金属矿床S-Pb同位素特征

滇西金厂河铁铜铅锌多金属矿床位于云南省保山地块北部、NS向保山—施甸复背斜与NNW向澜沧江断裂的锐角交汇部位的南部。文章在以往工作的基础上,研究金厂河铁铜铅锌多金属矿床的S-Pb同位素特征,这对分析该矿床成矿物质来源及探究成矿过程具有十分重要的意义。采样及测试结果显示,该矿床硫化物的δ³⁴S值为+2.5‰~+11.1‰,平均+5.65‰,说明矿床硫化物硫的来源为深部幔源岩浆硫和混合硫（复杂硫）;共生含硫矿物中富集δ³⁴S的均值为：黄铜矿（+5.65‰） > 闪锌矿（+5.38‰） > 方铅矿（+3.45‰）,表明矿床硫同位素分馏未达到平衡。²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb—²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb—²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb铅同位素模式图中样品点分布位置及朱炳泉Δβ—Δγ变化范围图解结果表明,该矿床铅同位素主要来源于上地壳,此外和深部岩浆的侵入活动相关。     

岩浆去气作用碳硫同位素效应

 根据开放体系条件下的瑞利分馏原理,并考虑岩浆中可能溶解的合碳和含硫组分,从理论上定量模式了岩浆去气作用对火成岩碳、硫同位素组成的影响。结果表明,岩浆CO₂去气作用能够导致岩石中碳酸盐显着亏损¹³C,其δ¹³C值能够从原始-5‰变化到-20‰(PDB);岩浆CH₄去气作用则导致岩石中碳酸盐相对富集¹³C,其δ¹³C值能够从原始-5‰变化到+4‰。岩浆SO₂去气作用可以导致岩石中硫化物显着亏损³⁴S,其δ³⁴S值能够从0‰变化到-8‰(CDT);岩浆H₂S去气作用则导致岩石中的硫化物相对富集4S,其δ³⁴S值能够从0‰变化到+6‰。因此,除源岩原始同位素不均一性和地壳物质混染能引起火成岩的碳、硫同位素组成发生较大变化外,岩浆去气作用也是重要原因之一。     

广西贵港新民铜多金属矿床成矿机制研究

广西贵港新民铜多金属矿床位于大平天山岩体的南东边缘,是大平天山岩浆热液成矿系统的重要组成部分。矿床以切层产出的热液脉型矿体为主,顺层的层状矽卡岩型矿体为辅。系统的野外测量和研究表明,脉状矿体形态简单,主要受控于近直立的北北西向断层;层状矽卡岩型矿体主要受围岩地层中的灰岩夹层控制。为查明成矿流体的类型、性质、演化特征及成矿物质来源,文章对石英流体包裹体进行了系统的显微测温、成分及HO-S同位素测试分析,在此基础上,探讨了矿床成矿机制,并进一步完善了大平天山岩浆热液成矿系统。研究结果表明,新民铜多金属矿床可以分为以下4个成矿阶段：矽卡岩阶段、早期金属硫化物阶段、晚期金属硫化物阶段、方解石-石英脉阶段。矽卡岩阶段均一温度为398~286℃,盐度w （NaCl_eq）=13.0%~6.2%;早期金属硫化物阶段均一温度为374~163℃,盐度w （NaCl_eq）=9.3~4.3%;晚期金属硫化物阶段均一温度为340~151℃,盐度w （NaCl_eq）=8.0%~2.6%;方解石-石英脉阶段均一温度为298~150℃,盐度w （NaCl_eq）=5.4%~1.6%。主成矿阶段（早期和晚期金属硫化物阶段）成矿流体以高中温、中盐度的NaCl-H₂O-CO₂±N₂体系为主,流体沸腾和流体混合是矿质沉淀的主要原因。H-O同位素组成（δD值介于－86‰~－64‰,δ¹⁸O_H2O值介于0.33‰~7.47‰）显示成矿流体与岩浆热液有关,且后期有大气降水混入。硫化物的δ³⁴S值介于－1.4‰~2.6‰,推测硫源与晚白垩世岩浆-热液系统有关。新民铜多金属矿床为晚白垩世区域岩石圈减薄、伸展环境下形成的岩浆热液充填交代矿床,并与邻区的Au-Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag矿床共同构成了大平天山岩浆热液成矿系统。     

滇西保山地块金厂河铁铜铅锌多金属矿床成矿机制——基于流体包裹体和硫、铅同位素证据

滇西金厂河铁铜铅锌多金属矿床位于保山地块北部，是西南"三江"成矿带内已知的大中型矽卡岩型矿床之一，具较高的经济价值及重要科研意义。文章在详细野外地质调查和岩相学观察基础上，对不同成矿阶段、特别是含子矿物的流体包裹体进行了研究，同时结合金厂河矿床S、Pb同位素特征，综合分析金厂河矿床成矿流体和物质的来源与演化，探讨矿床的形成机制。对石英内流体包裹体的研究表明，退化蚀变阶段均一温度为165~335℃，盐度w（NaCl_eq）为1.1%~9.0%；石英硫化物阶段均一温度为151~266℃，WL型包体盐度w（NaCl_eq）为1.9%~18.9%，S型包体盐度w（NaCl_eq）为31.9%~33.5%；碳酸盐阶段均一温度为148~250℃，盐度w（NaCl_eq）为2.6%~9.9%，各阶段均一温度依次降低，盐度先升高，再降低。拉曼光谱分析显示，流体成分为H₂O和极少量N₂，新发现了子矿物斑铜矿（Cu₅FeS₄），流体属H₂O-NaCl体系。S、Pb同位素特征对比研究表明，金厂河矿床各成矿阶段内硫同位素分馏已达平衡状态，矿石硫化物的δ³⁴S值能代表成矿流体的S同位素组成，用来限定其氧化-还原环境，δ³⁴S值为+2.5‰~+11.1‰、均值+5.65‰，硫源为深部幔源岩浆硫和地层硫构成的混合硫；Pb同位素硫化物组成显示，富铀铅、略亏损钍铅，铅源以上地壳铅为主，另含有少量深部壳源乃至幔源岩浆铅，属造山带铅特征，且与S同位素研究成果基本一致。综合研究认为，成矿系统氧化-还原环境的变化及流体沸腾作用的发生是主要的成矿机制。     

南秦岭关子沟铅锌矿床成因：流体包裹体和H-O-S-Pb同位素证据

陕西旬阳盆地南缘是南秦岭中部重要的铅锌成矿带,带内发育一大批赋存在志留系中的铅锌矿床。为了进一步厘清区域内铅锌成矿的物质来源和成因机制,文章选取区内典型的关子沟铅锌矿床开展流体包裹体和H-O-S-Pb同位素研究。关子沟铅锌矿体主要以层状、似层状赋存于双河镇组二段和三段千枚岩地层中,根据矿物组构和穿插关系,将成矿过程划分为3个阶段：石英-黄铁矿阶段（Ⅰ阶段）、石英-多金属硫化物阶段（Ⅱ阶段）和石英-碳酸盐（Ⅲ阶段）。其中,Ⅱ阶段原生流体包裹体均一温度为215~393℃,盐度w（NaCl_eq）为2.2‰~10.1‰; Ⅲ阶段均一温度为124~255℃,盐度w（NaCl_eq）为1.8‰~6.6‰,具有中高温、中低盐度的成矿流体特征。石英H-O同位素结果（δ¹⁸O_H2O值为6‰~10.9‰,δD值为-82.9‰~-73.6‰）显示成矿流体主要为海水和有机水,伴有大气降水的混合。原位S同位素显示硫化物δ³⁴S值变化范围为4.63‰~8.73‰,暗示主要硫化物的S源于海相硫酸盐的热化学还原,志留系黑色岩系中的有机质提供了还原剂。矿石硫化物的²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为17.8254~17.9470,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为15.6233~15.6396,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为38.1706~38.3143,指示Pb主要源于沉积盖层。综合矿床地质特征、流体包裹体及H、O、S、Pb同位素特征,认为关子沟矿床为热水沉积成因,志留系裂陷盆地内热水沉积作用控制着铅锌成矿过程。     

安徽庐枞矿集区东顾山钨矿床成矿流体来源与演化:来自H、O、S同位素和流体包裹体的证据

长江中下游成矿带是我国重要的铁铜金等金属成矿带,庐枞矿集区中新勘探发现的东顾山矿床与成矿带内燕山期铁、铜大规模成矿作用不同,矿化以钨为主,且已达大型规模。前人已对该矿床开展了基础地质特征和成岩成矿年代学工作,但该矿床的成矿流体和来源特征仍不清楚,矿床成因的确定需要开展相关研究。本文在详细的野外调查基础上,对各成矿阶段流体包裹体及H、O、S同位素进行了系统测定及分析,并结合地质事实,确定了成矿流体特征和来源,为成矿带内钨矿床的成因认识和下一步找矿提供理论依据。流体包裹体研究表明,东顾山矿床流体包裹体类型以纯液相包裹体（L）和气液两相包裹体（V+L）为主,矽卡岩阶段（Ⅰ）的包裹体均一温度集中变化于351~397℃,盐度变化于10.87%~13.60% NaCleqv;氧化物阶段（Ⅱ）的包裹体均一温度集中变化于283~367℃,盐度变化于7.73%~10.62% NaCleqv;第三阶段石英-硫化物阶段（Ⅲ）的包裹体均一温度变化于180~284℃,盐度变化于4.08%~7.57% NaCleqv。从Ⅰ阶段到Ⅲ阶段,均一温度和盐度均有降低的趋势,显示流体混合的特征,可能是其矿质沉淀的重要机制。H-O同位素分析结果（δ¹⁸O_H2O值为-0.37‰~2.79‰,δD值为-60.56‰~-46.16‰）显示成矿流体主要为岩浆流体,并有约40%大气降水的加入。硫化物S同位素研究显示,黄铁矿δ³⁴S值范围为4.39‰~6.00‰,高于幔源硫,略低于赋矿地层硫值（7.60‰~8.13‰）,指示东顾山钨矿床硫源为地层硫和岩浆硫混合,地层硫的贡献不容忽视。综合矿床地质、流体包裹体及H、O、S同位素特征可知,东顾山矿床热液成矿过程中发生了显著的流体混合作用,破坏了钨络合物的稳定性,使得大量钨等金属离子从络合物载体中脱离出来并与Ca²⁺相结合,最终钨酸钙沉淀成矿。通过与成矿带铜铁矿床的成矿流体对比可知,长江中下游成矿带内钨矿床与铜（金）、铁矿床的成矿流体温度和盐度特征相似（中高温、中高盐度向中低温、中低盐度演化）,但是由于围岩性质不同导致硫来源不同,且沉淀机制各不相同,根本原因是不同矿种的成矿岩体性质和搬运金属元素的方式存在差异。     

含Cu硫化物中S、Fe同位素分馏系数的第一性原理计算

Cu在自然界主要以硫化物的形式存在,目前只确定了几种含Cu硫化物的S同位素分馏系数以及黄铜矿的Fe同位素分馏系数,而且不同研究者确定的系数有很大的差别,使得S、Fe同位素在研究铜矿床的形成、演化等方面不能很好地发挥示踪作用。因此,本文基于第一性原理计算确定了0~1 000℃温度范围内主要含Cu硫化物的S同位素简约配分函数比（10³lnβ_34-32）,以及Cu-Fe硫化物的Fe同位素简约配分函数比（10³lnβ_57-54）。重S同位素在这些含Cu硫化物中的富集顺序为铜蓝>方黄铜矿>黄铜矿≈黑硫铜镍矿>斑铜矿>辉铜矿,重Fe同位素在Cu-Fe硫化物中的富集顺序为方黄铜矿≈黄铜矿>低温斑铜矿>高温斑铜矿>中温斑铜矿>Cu₈Fe₄S₈（中温斑铜矿的可能变体）。含Cu硫化物的10³lnβ_34-32与S原子的配位数、金属-S平均键长、S原子形成的所有化学键的平均键长没有明显的相关性,而Cu-Fe硫化物的10³lnβ_57-54与Fe—S平均键长基本成线性负相关关系。辉铜矿相变引起的S同位素分馏特别大,而斑铜矿相变时产生的S同位素分馏却可以忽略不计。本文的计算结果将会为探讨斑岩铜矿及其它类型的硫化物矿床的成因提供支持。     

辽宁太古代红透山铜矿的稳定同位素地球化学特征及矿床成因

文章分析了辽宁太古代红透山铜矿中硫化物的多硫同位素组成和石英的硅氧同位素组成。δ³⁴S在-0.7‰~+3.1‰，极差为3.8‰，平均值为0.21‰，与深部幔源硫相似。δ³³S≈0.52δ³⁴S，即δ³³S=0(δ³³S =δ³³S-1000[(1+ δ³⁴S/1000)0.515-1]，不具有硫同位素非质量分馏效应，表明该矿床中的硫没有经历大气循环过程。矿石中石英的δ30Si分布在-0.8‰~+0.4‰之间，δ¹⁸O分布在+8.5‰~+9.5‰之间，与海底黑烟囱及热水喷气成因硅质岩的硅氧同位素组成相似。提出红透山铜矿为海底热液喷气沉积变质成因。     

焦家深部金矿床成矿流体来源:来自黄铁矿微量元素及S-He-Ar同位素的约束

焦家金矿是胶东蚀变岩型金矿的典型代表，金储量超过200t。矿体受焦家主干断裂控制，呈脉状产出，发育钾化、绢英岩化、硅化和碳酸盐化等蚀变，矿石中主要载金矿物为黄铁矿。热液成矿期主要可分为四个阶段：黄铁矿-石英阶段（i）、金-石英-黄铁矿阶段（ii）、金-石英-多金属硫化物阶段（iii）和石英-碳酸盐阶段（iv）。本文选取焦家金矿床深部I号主矿体为研究对象，采集了不同标高（-600~-1100m）的钻孔岩心样品，分析了黄铁矿的微量元素和S-He-Ar同位素组成，以此讨论成矿流体的组成、性质及来源。研究发现：焦家深部I号矿体黄铁矿呈浅黄色，强金属光泽，自形-半自形粒状结构，粒度50~1000μm，呈浸染状-细脉状分布于黄铁绢英岩化碎裂岩中，为第ii成矿阶段的产物。黄铁矿的稀土元素含量较低，ΣREE为3.27×10^-6~38.5×10^-6，富集轻稀土元素，δCe值为0.81~1.05，δEu值为0.67~1.43，Th/La、Nb/La比值均小于1，指示成矿流体为富Cl的还原性流体。Co/Ni比值介于0.54~1.57之间，平均值为0.99，与变质流体相近；Y/Ho比值在21.9~35.5之间，与地幔值（25~30）和中国东部大陆地壳值（20~35）接近，指示成矿流体与壳-幔相互作用有关。Y/Ho值、Zr/Hf值和Nb/Ta值变化范围较大，表明成矿热液体系发生了交代作用或有外来热液加入。与大陆地壳相比，黄铁矿富集Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Co、Ni等亲硫、铁族元素，亏损高场强元素。焦家深部金矿床黄铁矿的δ³⁴S值介于7.5‰~9.8‰之间，平均值为8.7‰，低于浅部矿床δ³⁴S值，呈现出由浅到深δ³⁴S值逐渐降低的特点。胶东金矿硫同位素组成整体一致，绝大多数矿床δ³⁴S值均为正值，变化范围主要集中在6‰~12‰，其来源与古老的变质基底岩系、中生代花岗岩以及幔源流体具有继承演化关系。δ³⁴S值整体呈现出：石英脉型 < 硫化物石英脉型 < 蚀变岩型的变化规律，说明矿化类型的差异是造成硫同位素组成差别的最主要因素。黄铁矿的³He/⁴He值为1.6±0.1Ra~1.8±0.1Ra，⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar值为750~3106，均显示混合来源特征。幔源He所占比例为20%~22%，表明幔源流体可能参与了成矿过程。焦家金矿成矿与燕山晚期中国东部强烈的壳幔相互作用密切相关。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with