槟城二桥加密控制网研究

本文阐述了马来西亚槟城第二跨海大桥基于首级控制网建立的GPS加密控制网的方法,通过转换得到了独立施工坐标,采用拟合方法得到GPS高程,并对结果进行了精度分析。由实测结果得知平面精度和GPS拟合高程精度都满足技术设计要求,能直接用于海中施工放样。     

GPS高程拟合在桥梁施工高程控制网复测中的应用

采用曲面拟合法对武汉市区4座桥梁工程的施工高程控制点进行GPS高程拟合,并与常规水准测量成果进行对比分析。结果表明,采用曲面拟合法进行GPS高程拟合,推算出的水准点高程达到相应等级高程控制网的精度要求,可用于桥梁施工高程控制网施工复测及监理复测。     

桥梁施工测量GPS控制网布设的应用

桥梁施工控制网的质量是工程施工总体质量的基础。探讨了GPS控制网的方案设计,精度确定及外业布设流程与方法。重点研究了GPS坐标基准的选择与确定,内业数据处理。针对高程数据异常拟合模型参数估计,提出了两步抗差估计GPS高程拟合方法,有效地保证了似大地水准拟合模型的可靠性。     

城区GPS地籍三维控制网的数据处理和分析

对青岛市某区GPS地籍控制网进行了数据处理和精度分析,由已知CORS基准站的高程异常利用二次曲面模型拟合得到了四等控制网点的正常高,通过对拟合点高程精度进行检验分析,验证了控制网精度的可靠性。     

GPS高程拟合在水利工程控制网中的应用

以库勒河治理工程GPS控制网为例,介绍了采用GPS高程拟合方法进行高程控制测量的原理、作业方法及精度评定。结合生产实践,论证了该方法应用于水利工程高程控制测量的可行性和优越性。     

广西大厂矿田车河区二等水准测量控制网的建立

此次测量所使用仪器为Dini03数字水准仪,通过对广西大厂矿田车河区二等水准测量控制网的成果进行分析,结果表明:通过高程拟合方式获得的E级GPS控制网的高程能达到四等水准精度,故广西大厂矿田E级GPS控制网拟合高程精度可靠,满足工程测量要求.     

GPS控制网正常高的精度与可靠性指标评定

采用传统GPS高程拟合方法得到的高程,其精度和可靠性指标难以评定,结合实例利用水准测皱限差和精度的概念评定GPS高程网的精度,使用GPS网可靠性指标评定GPS高程网的可靠性,并采用水准网平差方法计算GPS高程网.     

烟台开发区高精度工程控制网的建立

表述了为提高平面精度和高程拟合精度采用的数据处理方法和达到的精度指标,提出了对平面网起算点进行内符精度检测,采用多种高程拟合方案对已知GPS水准点进行精度检验,综合考虑内符合和外符合精度,实现最优高程拟合的观点。     

GPS控制网优化设计与数据处理

论述了GPS控制网精度估算、可靠性分析、敏感度分析、优化设计、坐标系统转换、不同坐标系转换中的误差表示及其换算等方面的理论与方法,介绍了GPS网条件检核、三维平差、二维平差、高程拟合等GPS数据处理过程中所要注意的问题及其解决方法。     

城市GPS高程控制网的建立方法与精度分析

针对城市测量控制网的特点,探讨了利用GPS技术建立城市高程控制网的方法。同时,根据线状、环状与面状城市GPS控制网的不同,提出了采用自适应的拟合模型（平面、二次曲面、样条函数等）实现GPS大地高与正常高的优化转换方法。结合成都地区的实例进行了试验结果表明,在该地区可以通过适当分布的GPS／水准重合点,采用比较简单的高程拟合方法,即可获取较高精度级别的正常高。从而部分或全部取代低等级（含四等）的水准测量。     

Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world

Abstract

Cultures throughout the world are associating with the rivers. People depend upon the rivers and their tributaries for food, water, transport, and many other aspects of their daily lives. Unfortunately, human beings have not calculated the accurate lengths for the great rivers even today. The lengths of the rivers are very different in popular textbooks, magazines, atlases and encyclopedias, etc. To accurately determine the lengths of the principal rivers of the world, the combination of satellite image analysis and field investigations to the source regions is proposed in this paper. The lengths of the Nile, Amazon, Yangtze, Mississippi, Yellow, Ob, Yenisey, Amur, Congo and Mekong, with lengths over or close to 5000 km, were calculated using the proposed method. The results may represent the most reliable and accurate lengths of the principal rivers of the world that are currently achievable.     

世纪之交的沉思--论21世纪软科学的发展

软科学这一术语是70年代在国外提出的.然而30多年以来,它在国外不仅未得到普遍的承认,而且对软科学的定义也还未能达成大体上一致的共识.而在改革开放后的中国,出于决策科学化和民主化的需要,经过一些领导人的提倡和支持,特别是通过1986年召开的软科学座谈会及1994年召开的全国软科学工作会议,软科学事业得到了蓬勃的发展.据初步统计,截止1998年底全国共有软科学研究机构1224个,研究人员32655人,初步形成了一支较为强大的研究队伍,并取得了数百项覆盖多个领域的研究成果,为支持各级各类的决策发挥了一定的作用.     

Improving the modeling of the atmospheric delay in the data analysis of the Intensive VLBI sessions and the impact on the UT1 estimates

The very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) Intensive sessions are typically 1-h and single-baseline VLBI sessions, specifically designed to yield low-latency estimates of UT1-UTC. In this work, we investigate what accuracy is obtained from these sessions and how it can be improved. In particular, we study the modeling of the troposphere in the data analysis. The impact of including external information on the zenith wet delays (ZWD) and tropospheric gradients from GPS or numerical weather prediction models is studied. Additionally, we test estimating tropospheric gradients in the data analysis, which is normally not done. To evaluate the results, we compared the UT1-UTC values from the Intensives to those from simultaneous 24-h VLBI session. Furthermore, we calculated length of day (LOD) estimates using the UT1-UTC values from consecutive Intensives and compared these to the LOD estimated by GPS. We find that there is not much benefit in using external ZWD; however, including external information on the gradients improves the agreement with the reference data. If gradients are estimated in the data analysis, and appropriate constraints are applied, the WRMS difference w.r.t. UT1-UTC from 24-h sessions is reduced by 5% and the WRMS difference w.r.t. the LOD from GPS by up to 12%. The best agreement between Intensives and the reference time series is obtained when using both external gradients from GPS and additionally estimating gradients in the data analysis.     

省直管市（县）体制下建设用地监管技术研究

面向解决省直体制下市（县）建设用地管理业务监管难度大问题,研究建设用地全过程监管关键技术,设计该模式下的监管模式、技术架构、业务模型和数据模型,实现省直管市（县）模式下的建设用地批前、批中、批后＂批-供-用-补-查-登＂全过程监管。     

Movements of the protoplanetary superconducting particles in the magnetic field of the Saturn lead to the origin of the rings

In this letter, we are trying to resolve the electromagnetic problem for the movements of the superconducting particles of the protoplanetary cloud in the magnetic field of Saturn. The force of levitation (Meissner-Ochsenfeld phenomenon) is introduced to the field of planetary science for the first time. It is shown from our theoretical analysis that rings of Saturn might have a superconducting origin, and rings might levitate within magnetic equator plane of the planet.     

国家一等水准网复测高程变化分析及其成果使用

分析国家一等水准网点复测高程的变化量值与分布特征以及导致高程变化的原因，对现有国家水准网点高程的使用提出建议。     

跟踪世界发展动态 致力地球重力场研究

比较系统、扼要地叙述了笔者所在单位40余年来坚持跟踪世界发展动态，致力于地球重力场理论和方法的研究，并从教学和生产需要出发，在地球重力场研究方面所获得的一些有理论意义和实用价值的成果。