MPS方法数值模拟液舱晃荡问题

基于无网格粒子法MPS方法(moving particle semi-implicit method)研究了液舱晃荡问题。针对二维矩形液舱晃荡问题进行了数值验证,结果表明MPS方法能够很好地计算晃荡产生的拍击压力。同时将MPS方法应用到带隔板的液舱晃荡问题计算中,分析了二维和三维带隔板液舱晃荡问题。计算结果表明:隔板的存在很大程度地限制了流体的水平运动,隔板附近出现了自由面的翻卷、破碎和融合现象,MPS方法能够很好地模拟这些流动现象。计算得到的波高与实验测得的波高吻合较好,表明MPS方法模拟带隔板的晃荡问题具有一定的可靠性。     

基于MPS无网格方法的孤立波传播的数值模拟

在MPS无网格方法中,引进预定候选粒子集概念用以生成邻接粒子集矩阵,使该部分的机时耗费缩短为引进前的1/11;采用Bi-CGSTAB方法求解压力泊松方程,显著地提高了求解速度.模拟了孤立波在数值波浪水槽中的传播及其与直墙作用时的爬升、回落过程,结果表明模拟波面结果与解析值及实测结果基本相符,针对不同波高的孤立波计算得到的墙前最大爬升值与实测结果也是一致的.     

基于模糊C均值聚类的大尺寸图像目标检测加速方法

利用模糊C均值(FCM)聚类算法对大尺寸图像进行目标检测时,由于样本数量巨大,算法运行时间过长,不利于信息的及时处理。为提高大尺寸图像检测效率,给出了一个CPU+GPU平台下的详细加速方案。该方案利用CUDA并行技术,将FCM聚类等操作放在GPU端处理。同时,对只能在CPU端执行的操作,利用OpenMP技术并行。对四幅大尺寸(15884×3171)全极化SAR图像进行检测,平均加速约84.02倍。此外还利用MPI并行技术在双节点上实现了对四幅全极化图像的同时检测。     

一个基于GPU并行加速的海啸数值模型

地震海啸通常发生在大洋板块向陆地板块俯冲的区域,距离震源最近的国家和地区往往在震后5～20 min之内就会遭受到海啸袭击。因此,及时的海啸预警和准确的海啸预报结果对于民众和决策者都至关重要。为了提升海啸预警效率,缩短海啸预报时间,本研究对COMCOT海啸数值模型进行了基于图形计算单元GPU的二次并行开发。将原模型中海啸传播计算模块通过CUDA＿C语言编写内核函数整体移植到GPU上并行加速,CPU负责模型其他代码的执行。为了减少CPU和GPU之间的数据通信,将吸收边界和变量更新函数一并改写。仅在需要输出的时间节点,GPU向CPU传递结果,其他时间步长,CPU和GPU之间只有指令和少量参数传输,基本可视为零耗时。基于GPU并行加速的COMCOT较串行版本效率提升超过67倍,加速性能显著优于基于CPU共享内存的OpenMP并行版本。交叉使用常水深和真实地形,采用均匀滑移海啸源和有限元海啸源对模型的计算结果进行了较为全面的分析检验,相对误差最大不超过1%,为大范围的越洋海啸实时计算提供了有力工具。     

一阶速度-应力双相介质方程逆时偏移及GPU加速实现

实际地下储层是含流体的双相介质,常规的弹性波叠前逆时偏移多基于单相介质理论,不能充分考虑地层中的双相介质对地震波场的影响。为研究双相介质中地震波传播对逆时偏移结果的影响,基于Biot的双相介质理论实现了一阶速度-应力双相介质方程的逆时偏移,并基于CUDA实现了双相介质方程逆时偏移的GPU加速。模型实验结果表明,在含流体的双相介质中,双相介质方程逆时偏移的结果比弹性波方程和声波方程的结果更接近真实的构造形态,同时与基于CPU的双相介质逆时偏移相比,基于GPU的逆时偏移可达到27倍的加速比。因此基于GPU加速的双相介质逆时偏移不仅能够实现对双相介质地层的精确偏移成像,而且能够有效提高逆时偏移的计算效率。     

基于WebGL的海岛环境场三维可视化

为解决海岛环境场三维可视化过程中存在的计算速度慢、渲染效果差和人 机交互不流畅等问题,文章基于WebGL和GPU加速渲染技术,提出基于WebGL的海岛环境场三维可视化方法。对不同环境场进行数学建模,其中矢量场基于二阶欧拉积分算法构建粒子运动模型,标量场基于双线性插值生成网格并建立颜色映射模型;基于视角感知构建多尺度变换模型,建立不同视角下矢量场的多尺度三维展示模型;基于GPU渲染技术,实现海岛环境场的三维可视化。实验结果表明,在GPU模式下,矢量场的渲染速度可达60 FPS,与CPU模式相比性能提升1.6～5.0倍,满足矢量场三维可视化的需求,同时极大地提升标量场的可视化效果,解决渲染效果颗粒感重和分级色差弱等问题。     

基于MPS方法模拟低雷诺数方柱绕流问题

柱体绕流问题是流体力学领域一个非常经典的问题。当流体流经柱体时,由于黏性的存在,会发生许多复杂的流动现象,如流动分离、涡旋周期性生成与脱落等,经常被作为标准验证算例。同时,柱体绕流广泛存在于实际工程中,并在一定工况下可能对工程产生巨大危害,因此对柱体绕流进行深入研究具有重要意义。研究中,拟将一种无网格类方法——半隐式移动粒子方法(moving particle semi-implicit method,简称MPS)引入到柱体绕流问题的数值研究中,并对不同雷诺数下二维方柱绕流问题进行数值模拟。首先,使用基于MPS方法自主开发的MLParticle-SJTU求解器,结合入口边界条件和出口边界条件,模拟了雷诺数Re分别为40、200和1 000时均匀来流条件下的方柱绕流。随后,将模拟的绕流结果与文献中试验和数值计算结果进行了对比,结果吻合较好,并且在雷诺数为200和1 000时,可以清晰地捕捉到方柱尾流中的卡门涡街现象,验证了MPS方法在柱体绕流问题模拟上的有效性和适用性。     

波浪与抛石潜堤相互作用的MPS法数值模型研究

为了研究波浪与抛石潜堤相互作用过程中大自由表面变形和堤内渗流等强非线性紊流运动问题,利用改进的MPS法,建立了模拟波浪与抛石潜堤相互作用的MPS法数值计算模型。模型将抛石潜堤假定为均质多孔介质,采用Drew的二相流运动方程描述多孔介质内外的流体运动;通过在动量方程中增加非线性阻力项,并引入亚粒子尺度紊流模型,模拟波浪与可渗结构物相互作用过程中的紊流运动。选取“U”型管中多孔介质内渗流过程和孤立波与可渗潜堤相互作用两个典型的渗流问题,通过将数值计算结果与理论解和实测值的对比分析,对所提出的MPS法紊流渗流模型的模拟精度进行验证。结果表明:基于改进的MPS法构建的垂向二维紊流渗流模型可以很好地再现“U”型管中多孔介质内渗流以及波浪作用下可渗潜堤内外的复杂流场,显著缓解流-固界面处的压力震荡与粒子分布不均匀问题,实现了较高的模拟精度。     

改进的移动粒子半隐式法模拟楔形体入水砰击

移动粒子半隐式法(Moving-Particle Semi-Implicit Method,MPS)是一种新的基于拉格朗日(Lagrange)理念的无网格方法,适用于模拟自由液面的大变形和水流的喷射现象。用基于大涡模拟的改进MPS法首先模拟了矩形体的入水砰击,砰击压力的计算结果证明了这种方法的正确性,然后模拟了楔形体的匀速入水砰击,并与实验结果进行了对比,验证了大涡模拟改进MPS法在砰击问题中的适用性。     

N-S方程的数值解法及其在水波动力学中应用的综述

对于描述流体运动的基本方程N-S方程,现已开发出了多种不同的数值求解方法。其中以MAC法和VOF法为代表的网格数值方法较为成熟,并被逐渐用于实际工程的水动力研究中：以SPH和MPS为代表的粒子方法则刚刚起步．具有很大的发展空间。针对N-S方程中的能量耗散问题,采用雷诺时均化的方程形式仍是目前解决水动力问题的主要途径,但需要引入相应湍流模型,以封闭方程。本文首先对N-S方程求解方法的发展过程进行简要回顾,对一些重要的计算方法进行评述,简要介绍其在水波动力学中的应用;然后对时均化的N-S方程的主要封闭模式进行总结介绍;最后对数值求解N-S方程的发展趋势进行展望。     

New modified gradient models for MPS method applied to free-surface flow simulations

In this paper, two modified pressure gradient models based on Taylor series expansion are proposed to enhance the higher order source term MPS (MPS-HS) method. The modified models consist of gradient correction matrices applied to the existing (base) pressure gradient models. To validate the modified pressure gradient models first hydrostatic pressure test is simulated and compared to both the base and modified MPS methods. Using the modified models are shown to reduce unphysical pressure oscillations observed in the base models. Second, an evolution of an elliptical drop in a 2D flow field is examined and shown to verify the models. Third, the proposed models illustrated appropriate stability and consistency properties against analytical solutions when an altered gravitational acceleration was superimposed to the hydrostatic pressure test. In addition, an improved performance is observed when Higher order Laplacian (HL) and Error-Compensating Source (ECS) of the Poisson Pressure Equation (PPE) schemes are coupled with the modified pressure gradient models compared to coupling them with the base gradient models. Finally, the modified MPS methods enhanced performances are validated in a free-surface flow simulation for a dam break problem with impact pressure, and a violent sloshing flow in a rectangular tank when compared to the base MPS methods against an existing experimental data.     

基于GPU加速的Boussinesq类波浪传播变形数值模型

Boussinesq波浪模型是一类相位解析模型,在时域内求解需要较高的空间和时间分辨率以保证计算精度。为提高计算效率,有必要针对该类模型开展并行算法的研究。与传统的中央处理器(CPU)相比,图形处理器(GPU)有大量的运算器,可显著提高计算效率。基于统一计算设备架构CUDA C语言和图形处理器,实现了Boussinesq模型的并行运算。将本模型的计算结果同CPU数值模拟结果和解析解相比较,发现得到的结果基本一致。同时也比较了CPU端与GPU端的计算效率,结果表明,GPU数值模型的计算效率有明显提升,并且伴随数值网格的增多,提升效果更为明显。     

基于无网格MPS方法数值分析方舱破舱进水问题

采用移动粒子半隐式法(moving particle semi-implicit,简称MPS)对自由漂浮二维方舱的破舱瞬时进水过程进行数值模拟。首先,采用基于GPU平台自主开发的MPS软件模拟破舱进水问题,并与其他方法得到的数值模拟结果进行对比验证。然后,对该二维方舱的各种模型进行了数值模拟,其中开孔位于不同位置以表示舷侧不同高度下的损坏。此外,还研究了不同类型的挡板对破舱进水后方舱稳定性的影响。结果表明损坏的孔洞和内部挡板会影响损坏舱段的运动特性,开孔距静水面的距离越大引起舱段的横摇等运动幅度越大,垂直挡板比水平挡板对舱内洪水的影响更大。     

Numerical simulation of sloshing with large deforming free surface by MPS-LES method

Moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method is a fully Lagrangian particle method which can easily solve problems with violent free surface. Although it has demonstrated its advantage in ocean engineering applications, it still has some defects to be improved. In this paper, MPS method is extended to the large eddy simulation (LES) by coupling with a sub-particle-scale (SPS) turbulence model. The SPS turbulence model turns into the Reynolds stress terms in the filtered momentum equation, and the Smagorinsky model is introduced to describe the Reynolds stress terms. Although MPS method has the advantage in the simulation of the free surface flow, a lot of non-free surface particles are treated as free surface particles in the original MPS model. In this paper, we use a new free surface tracing method and the key point is "neighbor particle". In this new method, the zone around each particle is divided into eight parts, and the particle will be treated as a free surface particle as long as there are no "neighbor particles" in any two parts of the zone. As the number density parameter judging method has a high efficiency for the free surface particles tracing, we combine it with the neighbor detected method. First, we select out the particles which may be mistreated with high probabilities by using the number density parameter judging method. And then we deal with these particles with the neighbor detected method. By doing this, the new mixed free surface tracing method can reduce the mistreatment problem efficiently. The serious pressure fluctuation is an obvious defect in MPS method, and therefore an area-time average technique is used in this paper to remove the pressure fluctuation with a quite good result. With these improvements, the modified MPS-LES method is applied to simulate liquid sloshing problems with large deforming free surface. Results show that the modified MPS-LES method can simulate the large deforming free surface easily. It can not only capture the large impact pressure accurately on rolling tank wall but also can generate all physical phenomena successfully. The good agreement between numerical and experimental results proves that the modified MPS-LES method is a good CFD methodology in free surface flow simulations.     

Numerical Simulation of Sloshing Using the MPS-FSI Method with Large Eddy Simulation

A numerical model has been developed to study sloshing of turbulent flow in a tank with elastic baffles. The Moving-Particle Semi-implicit method(MPS) is a kind of meshless Lagrangian calculation method. The large eddy simulation(LES) approach is employed to model the turbulence by using the Smagorinsky Sub-Particle Scale(SPS)closure model. This paper uses MPS-FSI method with LES to simulate the interaction between free surface flow and a thin elastic baffle in sloshing. Then, the numerical model is validated, and the numerical solution has good agreement with experimental data for sloshing in a tank with elastic baffles. Furthermore, under external excitations,the MPS is applied to viscous laminar flow and turbulent flow, with both the deformation of elastic baffles and the wave height of the free surface are compared with each other. Besides, the impact pressure with/without baffles and wave height of free surface are investigated and discussed in detail. Finally, preliminary simulations are carried out in the damage problem of elastic baffles, taking the advantage of the MPS-FSI method in computations of the fluid–structure interaction with large deformation.     

Coupled analysis of nonlinear sloshing and ship motions

A coupled numerical model considering nonlinear sloshing flows and the linear ship motions has been developed based on a boundary element method. Hydrodynamic performances of a tank containing internal fluid under regular wave excitations in sway are investigated by the present time-domain simulation model and comparative model tests. The numerical model features well the hydrodynamic performance of a tank and its internal sloshing flows obtained from the experiments. In particular, the numerical simulations of the strong nonlinear sloshing flows at the natural frequency have been validated. The influence of the excitation wave height and wave frequency on ship motions and internal sloshing has been investigated. The magnitude of the internal sloshing increases nonlinearly as the wave excitation increases. It is observed that the asymmetry of the internal sloshing relative to still water surface becomes more pronounced at higher wave excitation. The internal sloshing-induced wave elevation is found to be amplitude-modulated. The frequency of the amplitude modulation envelope is determined by the difference between the incident wave frequency and the natural frequency of the internal sloshing. Furthermore, the coupling mechanism between ship motions and internal sloshing is discussed.     

Sloshing waves and resonance modes of fluid in a 3D tank by a time-independent finite difference method

A 3D time-independent finite difference method is developed to solve for wave sloshing in a three-dimensional tank excited by coupled surge and sway motions. The 3D equations of fluid motion are derived in a moving coordinate system. The three-dimensional tank, with an arbitrary depth and a square base, is subjected to a range of excitation frequencies with motions that exhibit multiple degrees of freedom. For demonstration purposes the numerical scheme is validated by a benchmark study. Five types of sloshing waves were observed when the tank is excited by various excitation frequencies. A spectral analysis identified the resonant frequencies of each type of wave and the results show a strong correlation between resonant modes and the occurrence of the sloshing wave types. The method can be used to simulate fluid sloshing in a 3D tank with six-degrees of freedom.     

Numerical simulations of sloshing flows with an elastic baffle using a SPH-SPIM coupled method

In this work, sloshing flows were successfully simulated by using a coupled numerical scheme between smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and smoothed point interpolation method (S-PIM) (SPH-SPIM coupled method). SPH is a Lagrangian particle method to solve flow fields while S-PIM is developed to deal with the structure dynamics. A coupling scheme is proposed, the key of which is that the fluid and solid fields are not necessary to be discretized by the same resolution. The stability, accuracy, convergence and conservation of the SPH-SPIM coupled method were validated by the case of hydrostatic water column on an elastic plate. Then, a wave impact problem was simulated to verify that the present SPH method worked well for sloshing flows. Finally, two sloshing problems with an elastic baffle were simulated, which validated the accuracy and stability of the method in predicting the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) features during the process of sloshing. It has been found that both the shape of the free surface and the large deformation of the elastic baffle can be well captured by the present method, which shows the potential of the present method to be a good candidate for simulating sloshing problems.